1st Workshop on

Sustainable Energy Systems

MFA: Lisbon Metabolism Overview

Prof. Paulo Ferrão

November 17, 2006, EFACEC, Lisbon

Sustainable
Energy
Systems

! Industrial Ecology: A new paradigm

! MFA: Material Flow Analysis
" Methodology
" Portuguese Economy Metabolism

! Lisbon Metabolism
" Methodology
" First Results
" Future Research directions

2
 Sustainable

Economy and Nature Energy

Systems

Economies have been using Nature as a

plentiful resource of:

! Raw materials ! Living space

! Energy ! Pollution Sinks

… suggesting a linear model

Sustainable

Natural ecosystems
Energy
Systems

Producers Consumers

Nutrients
Decomposers
Reservoir

Calor / Energia

Nutrientes 4
 Industrial Ecology: Sustainable
Energy
Systems
A new paradigm

Producers Consumers

Economy
Metabolism

Nutrients
Decomposers
Reservoir

Calor / Energia

Nutrientes 5

Sustainable
Energy
Systems

! Industrial Ecology: A new paradigm

! MFA: Material Flow Analysis
" Methodology
" Portuguese Economy Metabolism

! Lisbon Metabolism
" Methodology
" First Results
" Future Research directions

6
Material Flows Sustainable
Energy
Systems
Accounting Methodology

Air Air
Water Water
Foreign non-
considered fluxes

Imports ECONOMY ExportS

DMI
TMR Domestic Domestic
extraction Product
Stocks Domestic
Output,
(DPO)
Environmental
Impacts
Domestic Domestic
Non-considered Non-considered
flows flows
Domestic Environment

Sustainable
Energy
Systems

! Industrial Ecology: A new paradigm

! MFA: Material Flow Analysis
" Methodology
" Portuguese Economy Metabolism

! Lisbon Metabolism
" Methodology
" First Results
" Future Research directions

8
 Sustainable

Portugal in an European context Energy

Systems

(1988-1997)

Adaptado de Bringezu and Schütz, 2000, Total Material Requirement of the European Union, European Environment Agency, Technical
report No 55.

Sustainable

Evolution of Portuguese DMI Energy

Systems

# Fonte

Canas, A., Ferrão, P., Conceição, P. (2001) “Material inputs of the Portuguese economy: the DMI approach”. 1st
International Society or Industrial Ecology Conference-– The science and Culture of Industrial Ecology, Leiden, The
Netherlands, November, 12th- 14th, 2001.

10
Portuguese Economy Sustainable
Energy

metabolism, 2000 Systems

S. Niza and P. Ferrão (2006) “A transitional

economy´s metabolism: The case of
Portugal”. Resources, Conservation and
Recycling, 46, pp.265-280.

Niza & Ferrão, 2006 11

Sustainable

A new Kuznets curve? Energy

Systems

2
dmiit = " 0 + " 1 y it + " 2 y it + ! it
Canas, A., Ferrão, P. and Conceição, P. (2003) “A new environmental kuznets curve? Relationship between
direct material input and income per capita: evidence from industrialized countries”. Ecological Economics.
Volume 46, Issue 2, September 2003 , Pages 217-229.
12
 Sustainable

A new development model Energy

Systems

... Economic development supported by innovation

35

30

25
CDM per capita (t)

20
“Innovation driven economy”,
15 Systems optimization”

10
“ Cement driven economy”
5

0
0 5 10 15 20 25

PIB per capita (1000US$)

13

Sustainable

Main Challenges Energy

Systems

Towards Sustainable Systems,

main challenges:
! Decoupling materials (Energy included) consumption
and GDP growth. Resource Productivity
! Promote sustainable consumption patterns.
! Social acceptability of the change for the present and
forthcoming generations

This requires:
! Understanding and quantifying the economy metabolism
making use of new methods and indicators
! R&D based knowledge in Engineering systems,
including socio-economical modeling, taking into account
interactions between the new and emerging technologies
and environment.
14
 Sustainable
Energy
Systems

! Industrial Ecology: A new paradigm

! MFA: Material Flow Analysis
" Methodology
" Portuguese Economy Metabolism

! Lisbon Metabolism
" Methodology
" First Results
" Future Research directions

15

Sustainable

Lisbon, a complex ecosystem Energy

Systems

…A set of interactive ecosystems

16
New tools and indicators Sustainable
Energy

are required
Systems

Endogenous metabolism Raw-materials

Products
Manufacture

Reuse Lisboa
Recycilng
Disposal
Products
Consumption/
Use

Crossing Materials

17

Simplified Sustainable
Energy

Mathematical formulation Systems

i – Materials

Agriculture biomass,
Products Material Forestry biomass, Aij
Aij characterization Fishing biomass,
Fossil fuels, Metals,
matrix (%) Non-metalic minerals,

J - Products

Pjj Products mass flow (kg)

(Diagonal matrix)

18
 Sustainable
Energy
MATERIALS MATRIX Systems

FLUXO COD. CAE DESIG. NC TONELADAS Categoria Material

Biomassa Não metálicos

Minerais industriais e de construção

Minerais de construção
Combustíveis fósseis

Minerais industriais
Minerais metálicos
Biomassa florestal
Biomassa agrícola

Biomassa pescas
COMÉRCIO INTERNACIONAL TONELADAS
ENTRADA 011 Produtos agrícolas 289453 15699 3287234 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 012 Animais vivos e produtos de origem animal 0 4395 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 020 Produtos da silvicultura, da exploração florestal e dos serviços relacionados 7984 54376 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 050 Produtos da pesca e da aquacultura e serviços relacionados 2403 24559 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 101 Hulha (inclui antracite) aglomerada ou não 0 2007444 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 103 Turfa (aglomerada ou não) 0 11886 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 111 Petróleo bruto e gás natural 0 0 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 131 Minérios e concentrados de ferro 0 0 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0%
Minérios metálicos não ferrosos e seus concentrados (excepto minérios de urânio
ENTRADA 132 e de tório) 0 735 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 141 Pedra (extraída) 3216 13677 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 142 Areias e argilas 9585 42831 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 143 Minerais para a indústria química e para a fabricação de adubos 0 173165 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0%
ENTRADA 144 Sal 2557 26945 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0%
ENTRADA 145 Outros produtos das indústrias extractivas, n.e. 0 102129 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
ENTRADA 151 Carne e produtos à base de carne 6309 68972 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 152 Produtos da indústria transformadora da pesca e da aquacultura 6124 63838 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 153 Produtos hortícolas e frutos preparados e conservados 20890 226891 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 154 Óleos e gorduras animais e vegetais 45904 486499 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 155 Lacticínios e gelados 12238 128139 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Produtos da transformação de cereais e leguminosas; amidos, féculas e produtos
ENTRADA 156 afins 6647 75486 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 157 Alimentos compostos para animais 43800 461526 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 158 Outros produtos alimentares 37960 404412 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 159 Bebidas 8851 93540 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 160 Produtos da indústria do tabaco 1004 10202 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 171 Fios e fibras têxteis 164 916 66% 0% 0% 34% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 172 Tecidos têxteis 422 2259 66% 0% 0% 34% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 174 Artigos têxteis confeccionados, excepto vestuário 909 8495 66% 0% 0% 34% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 175 Outros artigos têxteis 882 8248 36% 0% 0% 64% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 176 Tecidos de malha 57 468 66% 0% 0% 34% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 177 Artigos de malha 119 967 66% 0% 0% 34% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 181 Artigos de vestuário em couro natural ou reconstituído 25 205 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 182 Outros artigos e acessórios de vestuário 1422 11587 66% 0% 0% 34% 0% 0% 0% 0% 19
ENTRADA 183 Peles e artigos de peles com pêlo 0 28 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 191 Couro e peles sem pêlo 0 315 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Artigos de viagem e de uso pessoal, de marroquinaria, de correeiro, de seleiro e
ENTRADA 192 outros artigos de couro 628 5584 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 193 Calçado e suas partes 114 1160 49% 0% 0% 51% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 201 Produtos da serração, do aplainamento e da impregnação da madeira 1934 18897 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 202 Folheados, contraplacados, painéis, de partículas, de fibras e outros painéis 1838 17464 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 203 Obras de carpintaria para a construção 4685 19245 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 204 Embalagens de madeira 77 836 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 205 Outras obras de madeira; obras de cortiça, cestaria e espartaria 1100 8119 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Simplified
ENTRADA 211 Pasta, papel e cartão 0 458265 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 212 Artigos de papel e cartão 12145 89711 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ENTRADA 221 Livros, jornais e outro material impresso e suportes gravados 2101 21702 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Sustainable
ENTRADA 222 Trabalhos de impressão e trabalhos relacionados com a impressão 1046 10805 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Energy

Mathematical formulation
ENTRADA 231 Produtos de coqueria 0 13316 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Systems

j – Products

Products origin IOjk

IOjk / destination

k – Origin / destination

Mik Material flow (kg) Mik = Aij x Pjj x Bjk

(Characterizes each
material metabolism)

20
 Sustainable
Energy
Systems

! Industrial Ecology: A new paradigm

! MFA: Material Flow Analysis
" Methodology
" Portuguese Economy Metabolism

! Lisbon Metabolism
" Methodology
" First Results
" Future Research directions

21

LISBON CITY TOTAL MATERIAL FLOWS 1000 TON

COMPOSITION CONSUMPTION EXPORT LOCAL

PRODUCTION
AGRICULTURE BIOMASS 1 499 117 7
FORESTRY BIOMASS 540 300 16
FISHING BIOMASS 11 0 0
BIOMASS 2 050 417 23
FOSSIL FUELS 1 190 45 72
METALIC MINERALS 434 14 34
CONSTRUCTION NON METALIC MINERALS 7 168 0 51
INDUSTRIAL NON METALIC MINERALS 85 34 3
INDUSTRIAL AND CONSTRUCTION NON METALIC MINERALS 8 11 0
NON METALIC MINERALS 7 261 45 54
NON SPECIFIED 289 107 3
TOTAL 11 223 627 187
 Sustainable
Energy
Systems

RANKING TOP 10 PRODUCTS 1000 TON

Sand and Stone 4365
Concrete 1981
Fuel 984
Cement 801
Cereals 467
Wood 451
Other food products 368
Animal Protein 343
Vehicles and Machinery 307
Clothing, Shoes and Other Home Textiles 295

23

Sustainable
Energy
Systems

LISBON CITY MATERIALS CONSUMPTION

NON SPECIFIED
3% BIOMASS
18% LISBON CITY WASTE PRODUCTION
NON SPECIFIED
17%

NON METALIC
FOSSIL FUELS MINERALS
11% 7%
BIOMASS
METALIC MINERALS
67%
METALIC MINERALS 2%
4%
FOSSIL FUELS
NON METALIC
MINERALS 7%
64%

24
 Sustainable
Energy
Systems

! Industrial Ecology: A new paradigm

! MFA: Material Flow Analysis
" Methodology
" Portuguese Economy Metabolism

! Lisbon Metabolism
" Methodology
" First Results
" Future Research directions

25

Sustainable

Future research directions Energy

Systems

Main objective:
! Model a complex system, the urban system, in an
industrial ecology perspective, i.e. looking at economic,
environmental and social interactions
Questions to be answered, through R&D:
! Characterize the correlation between product use with
energy consumption and environmental impacts
! How would more sustainable consumption patterns be
defined and affect the urban metabolism
! How would product material composition dynamics
affect waste management and the overall urban
metabolism
! Characterization of the correlation of product/material
metabolism with employment (social dimension)
! …
26