1.

1 Bends

The use of Field bends and hot bends shall be avoided and wherever possible bends shall be
formed by bending pipe within its elastic limit (i.e. elastic bends) and shall be formed using a
minimum radius of 500D (Shell DEP 31.40.00.10-Gen), where D is the nominal pipeline diameter.

The minimum bend radius for the elastic bend shall be calculated from the allowable bending
stress after consideration of pressure and temperature effects. The minimum bend radius for field
bending shall be 40 times the nominal diameter of the pipeline.

Where there is a requirement for tighter bend radius, manufactured induction bends shall be
used. Should the design require the use of induction bends, the minimum bend radius shall be
5D.

Elastic bending shall be utilised for gradual changes in elevation, achieved by profiling the trench
and laying the pipeline to fit the contour without cold bending.

Fabricated Mitres bends or lobster- back bends are not permitted for any change of direction.

All bends on the pipeline shall be suitable for the passage of intelligent pigs.

Pipelines that are required to be intelligently pigged shall be formed with hot bends and the
minimum bend radii shall be as given Table xx below.

Table xx Pipeline Bends

Bend Radius
Condition Pipe Diameter
(minimum)

Pipeline Routing General 500 x pipe nominal diameter

Hot Bends 200 mm (8 inch) and above 5 x pipe nominal diameter

Cold Bends General 40 x pipe nominal diameter

1.2 Hot Bends

All factory bends shall be produced by induction bending. Bend radius shall be 5D (where D is
the pipe O.D) for 8” pipeline. All bends shall be supplied with straight tangent ends at least 500
mm in length for line pipe. Bends shall comply with the requirements of Shell DEP 31.40.20.33
Gen

1.3 Field Cold Bends

Field cold bends shall have a minimum bending radius of 40D, where D is the nominal pipeline
diameter.
1.4 Valves

The pipeline valves shall be designed for full bore design for smooth pig runs. Pipeline Valves
shall be comply with the requirements of DEP XX. The requirements of actuator shall be as per
Project specification for pipeline actuator.

Ball Valves shall be of Top Entry design unless specified in the Datasheet.

All valves shall be flanged in accordance with ASME B16.5 and end flanges shall comply with
ANSI B16.5.

ESDV’s and MOV’s, shall be located at each end of the incoming and outgoing sections of the
pipeline at any plant installation (with the exception of SV sites). The pipeline inventory shall be
isolated from the plant by means of automated Emergency Shut Down Valves (ESDV’s). ESDV
actuators shall be powered by Instrument Air from the plant.

Longer pipelines require intermediate valve stations in accordance with the DEPs. Beach valves
shall be installed as sectionalizing valves for limiting hazards and damage from accidental
discharge, to ensure safety, prevent damage to the environment and for facilitating maintenance
of Pipeline sections.

All Valves including ESDV’s, MOV’s, SV’s shall be certified fire safe in accordance with API 607,
API 6FA, or BS 6755.

1.4.1 Sectionalising Valves (SV)

The requrement of sectionalised valve will be based on the THSE study. If requred block valves
shall be provided with blow down valve connections on either side of the block valve.

The pipeline shall be terminated at new manifold station located around 18 km away from the
ORGIN FACILITY without any Sectionalising valves (SV) in this section of the pipelines.

1.5 Pipeline Separation Distances Within Corridor

All the in-field pipelines shall be in the pre-defined corridor. Within corridors where
pipelineand cable shall be laid parallel to one another in a trench or alongside / across
existing services the pipelines are required to be laid a minimum distance as required in
BSP Corridor Guidelines Doc No: XX (Refer my email earlier) as given in Table XX.

Onshore Pipeline Separation Within Corridors

Minimum Separation
Pipeline Condition Horizontal
Vertical

Pipelines laid in same trench 1m

(alongside each another) -
(Note-1)
 Minimum Separation
Pipeline Condition Horizontal
Vertical

Pipelines installed in separate

trenches (new or existing lines) - XXm
except at plant approaches

Pipelines that run parallel with

- XXm
power lines

Pipelines in the same trench as

- 0.5m
Fibre Optic Cable

Pipeline or existing service and

1.0 m -
cable buried crossings
 Notes:

1. New Offshore-buried pipelines shall be routed in the same trench with minimum separation
distance of 2 meters.

2. FO cable shall be routed with minimum separation distance of 1m from the pipeline.

1.6 Pipeline Burial Depth

All pipelines are required to be buried to protect them from mechanical damage, fires or
interference from third parties.

Pipeline burial depth from ground surface to top of pipe has been based on DEP 31.40.00.10,
as given in Table 15.7.

The main pipelines will be buried to the minimum depths as per DEPs and the design crossing
calculations shall be performed using the format from API 1102.

In field, pipelines shall be laid within defined pipeline corridors and where the corridors are
crossed by transportation routes (vehicles, drilling rigs, etc.) the lines shall be crossed
according to DEP’s requirement. Pipeline safety barriers shall also be installed at crossings

Table 15.7 Pipeline Burial Depths

Location Class Minimum

References
(Ref Clause 840.2.2 of ASME B31.8) Cover

1 and 2 (general areas) 1.0 m DEP 31.40.00.10

3 and 4 (general areas) 1.2 m DEP 31.40.00.10

Asphalt Road Crossing (Metalled) 2.0 m XX

Sand Track Crossings/ Gatch Track 1.5 m X

Crossings

Rig Crossing 2.0 m X

Notes

1. Above indicated cover values are the minimum between top of pipe and natural ground
surface. In addition, pipelines will have berm with 1m height. Final requirements of cover
height will be verified by flexibility / upheaval /lateral buckling analysis.
1.7 Crossings

Onshore Pipeline and cables shall cross underneath all existing facilities such as pipelines,
cables etc. with a minimum clearance of 1000mm. Asphalt and major road crossings shall be
implemented by either thrust boring or directional drilling.

Rig/road crossing shall be calculated in accordance with API 1102.

While crossing existing services / utilities, the following minimum crossing angles will be
maintained:

The crossing of existing buried pipelines, pipeline corridor, cables, power lines and minor roads,
asphalt and major road crossings shall be at an angle as per Table XX with a minimum
clearance of 1m.

Pipeline Minimum Crossing Angle

Crossing Minimum Crossing Angle

Existing pipelines and cables 60o

ETISALAT cables / Etihad railway 90o

Overhead power lines 70o

Unimproved roads, tracks 60o

Metalled roads 80o

Major road crossings shall be carried out by an approved non-destructive road crossing method
Rig road, track and minor road crossings may be constructed using open cut methods.

Pipeline string shall be subjected to 100% radiography, 100% ultrasonic examination and pre-
hydro test prior to installation at major road crossings.

Pipeline string shall be pre-hydro tested prior to installation at major road crossing using non-
destructive technique and subjected to 100 % radiography and ultrasonic examination before
pre-hydro test

Separate crossing detail shall be prepared for asphalt road crossing and other road crossing as
applicable.

The location of pipeline road, track and rig crossings will need to be identified and designed to
establish the requirement for thick walled pipe.

Buried pipelines crossing existing pipelines shall be in accordance with refer the typical drawing
number.
The number of crossings of roads, tracks, pipelines, and other services by new replacement
pipelines and their right-of-way access tracks shall be minimised. Access across the new and
replacement pipelines shall be by existing roads and tracks. Where no suitable road or track
exists, crossing points at intervals no greater than 2 km shall be provided. For pipelines running
alongside other (existing) pipelines, crossing points shall be at the location of existing crossings.
Number of crossings and locations shall be reviewed and approved by BSP operations.

Onshore Pipeline road and track crossings shall be in accordance with Typical Road / Track
crossing detail for onshore pipeline – TYPICAL DRAWING NO.. Onshore Rig crossings shall be
in accordance with Typical Rig crossing(if available) detail for onshore pipeline - TYPICAL
DRAWING NO.