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MICROWAVE ENGINEERING 04911502817

-

Assignment KUMARI
SEIBEL
'

,
What
¥ are ferrites -

why are
they -

? Mention
useful in their
microwaves
properties .

Ansi .
Ferrite is a
high resistance
magnetic
material ferrite oxide
and it consists
of mainly
Ferrites
other metals
along with one or more .

material is
extremely useful at microwave

frequencies Electromagnetic .

pass through waves

ferrites with negligible attenuation Electromagnetic .

due
propagation undergoes
shift
wave phase
to ferrites , which can be influenced by
the

fields The ferrites are

applied DC
magnetic
.

microwave isolators
used in ,
popularly
circulators and switches .

Proputiesoffeuit-esare.li
The susceptibility ( X) is
very large
and

It is when
positive .
represented by X= TIO

T > TN

2 .
When Ken ,
they
behave as ferri
magnetic
materials .

iron character
3
They have pure .

tensile and brittle and

u .

They
have low strength
soft
.

have less eddy current losses and

hysteria 's
s .

They losses .
 construction , and
Of Explain
the
working rotation
application of isolators based Faraday
on .

An isolator is a non -

reciprocal transmission
Andy
component
.

is used to isolate one

device that

transmission
in the
from reflections of other components
it is called aniline
line , thus
.

Isolator maintain frequency stability

of
generator
from unmatched
reflected power
by preventing
load Born
returning
to the
generator .

ferrite rods
Isolator can be made
by inserting called
along
axis
of rectangular waveguide
a

called
axis
of a
rectangular waveguide
FaradayRotaHouIsolato#
Holp wavelength
is

e
or
J xiv
rt
inv Goofed rod
↳ of
is r
w anis
pit y z -

or
↳ rotation
+ Reheated
wavelength
¥
↳,
 Tee and its application Derive
OZ Ex plane
Magic
.

matrix for tee

the scattering magic .

Ansf .
E -
H ( magic Tees )
Tees :
characteristics of
magic
-

and
D If 2 waves
of equal magnitude
same phase
are fed into part I and port 2,

ol p is zero at port 3 and additive at port 4 .

fed into port 4 ( the Harm ) divided

a) If wave

and won't
equally bln port l
port 2 4 appear

at port 3 ( the E arm )

3) IF fed in port 3 ( E arm l , produces an

equal
at 142 Gp
magnitude and opposite phase
at 4 is zero
53 y
.

= =
O
Sy 3

I won't
4) If wave fed in either or 2 ,

① ②
arm at or
the other collinear
appear in
while
because E arm cause a
phase delay
advance
H arm causes a
phase .

Sz , O
Size = =

µ -

plane
gig
=
523

E- plane
spy = -

524
0
534--543 =
Symmetry g ,z=sz .
,
5,3=531 ,
514=541

523--532 , Szy
=
542 ,
Szy =
Syz

If ports 3 I 4 are
perfectly matched
533=544--0

Is:÷÷÷÷÷l
[s ] =
Si , Sir 513 514

't
(5) [S ] I
-
-

t.sn/2tlswI2tlSBl2tlSiyl2=lRzCz:1Siz/-t1Szzl2tlSi3/2t/Siul
Ric , :
! I

1513/2=1
-

Rs Cz : 15131 t

Rycy : Ism )
-

t 19412=1

93 -
-

Sly =
Is
a
Comp -

Si , -122

19,17151212 -
- O

Si , =3 , 2=0
522=0

l÷÷÷÷
*

.
 Directional coupler
An# Two -
Hole

↳ anti ) Xgfg ;
n is
any
tree
integer
I
- -

②
- -
-
- -
- -
-
-
- -

①
- - -
-
-
-
-
- -

e
- - - -
-
- -

t
-

f
- -
- -

t
-
- - -
-
-
- - -

l l
-

v 1-
.

J is
i T
-
i

← - -
t - - -
e
-
-
I - -
→ - - -
added
d-
-

can - -
-
- - - - -
- -
-

y
- -
-
- -

⑤
of wave entered into
① A fraction energy
holes & is radiated
port ① passes through slot
act as

secondary guide
as holes
into
antennas
waveguide
.

② Found waves in secondary

and added at ④
are in same
phase
③ Backward waves in
secondary waveguide
( right to left ) are out
of phase by K4dg )
cancelled at ③
29rad 4 are
.

[ =
( anti ) to
4

Coupling factor = to
log tf
(9)
to
log
=

-9.5422dB
-
Ans 5 Two of Variable attenuator
I
Types
←

① RFAHers
-

Radio frequency
attenuator are
typically in

structure with connector as

ports
precise
film
ani al
thin
and co - microstrip
,
or

internal structure .

Thin film internal structure characteristics .

→
Accuracy
→ Low SNR
→ flat Response frequency
→
Repeatability
② Audiioaitenuators
An attenuator is an electronic device that
without
reduces the
power
of a
signal
its waveform Power
appreciably distorting
.

reduce
amplifier uses electrical resistance to

volume
of the output
speaker reducing the .

of Tee be
9 The properties E -

plane can

Ans
← defined its CD matrix
by .

out of
coefficients 513 and Sas are

Scattering at
phase by 1800 with an
input port 3

523 = -

SB
The
port is
perfectly matched to the
junction
 533=0
property
From the
symmetric
,

i
Sij Sj
-
-

512=521 532 SB
=
531
523
=

, ,

From the
unitary property :

( S3 ( s ]
't =
[I ]

Multiplying
we
get : -

Si , Si
*
t Sizsizt t 51395=1
Ric , : ,

'

Isn F t IS , it t l Sul =
I

Si , =
Szz

2/8312 or SB =
I
re

Si ! )
t

513 ( sie -

Size
Sza
Sil
=
=
or

'÷÷÷÷ )
west's

÷ .

elements not
diagonal
zero
All the are .
 tee
Ans 10 Two properties of E -

plane
= device : -

microwave
matched to the
→ ① The port is
perfectly
junction .

533=0

→ ② Sij =Sji
SB -
S3 )
Sez
=
Sz , Szz
=
532 ,
,

01 Derive the schematic diagram of four

circulator and derive its

port microwave

S -
matrix
multipoint
.

circulator is a
A
Ansf .
microwave
which wave can

waveguide junction
in

nth port to Inti ) the port in one

flow only is most common

port circulator
.

direction 4
,

circulator
port

:÷¥¥÷
For 4 -

:÷ ::
"

"÷
"
.

On
solving ,
we will
get

%: : : :S
 Factor ( dB ) PL
to
log
=

Aris Coupling
. ,

PL

P, I 560 mW

factor = so dB
Coupling
560
log
30dB = to

Pa

56g
3
log
-

Py

( ooo =

SPIN Pn=o.S60m€
Define Insertion loss
0¥
.

AE .
Insertion loss is the loss
of signal power
insertion device in
from the of a

resulting and is
transmission line
or optical fiber

decibels
usually expressed in .

load before
the transmitted to the
If power
received by the
is PT and the power
insertion
then the insertion
is PR
toad after insertion ,

loss in dB is
given by ,

ILCdB)=l0wg1opP
 what is directional coupler ? What are the
0¥ directional
of coupler
different type
.

Directional couplers are four -

port circuits
AE .

from the input end

port is isolated
.

where one
and
( ideally ) matched
the

four ports
,
All are

Directional Couplers
lossless)
circuit is (
ideally
.

line Wan
can be realized in microstrip strip ,
,

and
waveguide .

the
generally
use
Directional couplers
microwave circuits
distributed properties of
.

Directional couplers are : -

Types of
In
forwardwarecouplu.fi
this
energy
-

①
line starts
that down transmission
propagates line
down transmission
z
a
parallel ware

a shown
below :
-

fo
#✓Port
I
'
,
2

l
Mechanism
Coupling
'
l l

por ## ports
 that
②Revusecouptu : -
In this
energy propagates
ware
down transmission line starts a reverse

line as shown below

down transmission
.

2 .

Port 1
÷_l
l
l
l
Port 2

mechanism
1 Coupling
Port 4 ÷# Ports