KAPÍTULU I

INTRODUSAUN

1.1. Antesedente

Aktividade industria mina no gas nian bainhira prosesu perfurasaun too ona

klean, prosesu tuir mai mak ita halo monta casing ba iha possu laran. Casing mak

pipa ida ne’ebe ho diametru bo’ot no uja hodi hatama ba iha posu perfurasaun

nian hodi tahan parede perfurasaun nian atu labele monu, lakon ita nian tahu(mud)

bainhira halo sirkulasaun, pipa perfurasaun ne’ebe mak metin(stuck) iha possu

laran no problema ne’ebe mak akontese husi operasaun hanesan blow out.

Casing mak pipa ho diametru ida neebe uja hodi hatama ba iha posu

perfurasaun nia laran. Tamba ida ne’e mak casing mos bain-bain dehan pipa

selubung (PUSDKLAT MIGAS, 2009).

Bainhira ita monta pipa selubung (casing) ba iha perfurasaun mina no gas

nian sai hanesan parte importante husi planeamentu casing nian atu hetan

rangkaian casing ne’ebe forte atu proteje posu durante halao operasaun

perfurasaun ou produsaun.

Forsa ho presaun ne’ebe mak sempre servisu ho casing ba iha posu nia laran

durante halo operasaun perfurasaun mak hanaran tension load, internal pressure,

external pressure no baixal strees. Tamba ida ne’e mak, bainhira halo dezenhu

casing nian ita presija hili casing ida ne’ebe iha forsa natoon atu bele halo balansu

ba iha forsa no presaun (Rubiandini, 1998).

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 Rangkaian casing sei sai Kaman liu wainhira iha tahu nia laran kompara ho

iha anin, hal ini diamati pada beban hook diatas rig. Se kuandu todan tension ba

casing liu tiha batas minimum yield strength maka casing akan mengalami

deformasi permanen (PUSDIKLAT MIGAS, 2009).

Casing importante tebes hodi deside operasaun perfurasaun bele lao ho diak

ka la diak tamba casing nia funsaun mak: prevene parede posu nian labele monu,

prevene atu tahu perfurasaun nian labele kahur malu ho be’e, taka zona ho

presaun abnormal no zona loss, halo diametru posu nian nafatin, prevene halo

aksaun direita ho formasi, fatin hodi hatu’ur BOP no equipamentus produsaun

(Marcel, 2010).

1.2. Formulasaun Problema

Formulasaun problema iha peskija ida nee maka hanesan tuir mai:

1) Saida mak casing ba iha operasaun perfursaun?

2) Oinsa atu halo desenho casing ba iha operasaun perfurasaun vertical?

1.3. Objetivu

Objetivu peskija mak hanesan tuir mai :

1) Atu hatene kona ba casing ba iha operasaun perfurasaun nian.

2) Atu hatene desenho casing ba iha operasaun perfurasaun vertical.

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1.4.Benefisiu

1.4.1.vantagem teoria

1) Bele hatene klean liu tan konaba casing no nia funsaun.

2) Hanesan referencia ida ba estudante iha area school of petroleum studies

1.4.2.vantagem pratika

1) Iha konhesementu konaba oinsa atu design casing.

2) Atu bele hatene forsa no pressaun neebe mak servisu iha casing iha momentu

perfurasaun.

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 KAPĺTULU II

REVIZAUN LITERATURA

2.1. DEFINISAUN CASING

Operasaun perfurasaun mina no gas nian bainhira to’o ona iha klean ne’ebe

mak ita determina, faze tuir mai mak ita sei monta casing depois mak ita halo

semen(cementing) (Buntoro, 2001).

Casing mak pipa ho diametru neebe lolos uja hodi hatama ba iha posu

perfurasaun nia laran. Tamba ida ne’e mak casing hanaran mos pipa selubung.

Kada pipa husi casing fahe ba parte tolu(3):

Body Casing ,Thread (Ulir) dan coupling (PUSDIKLAT MIGAS, 2013). Bele

hare iha imagen kraik ne’e:

Thread Body Coupling

Figura 2.1 Pipa Selubung (PUSDIKLAT MIGAS, 2013)

Rubiandini (2012) hateten katak wainhira atu desain casing atu bele uja hodi

pasang ba iha posu mina no gas nian tenke kumpri termus tuir mai ne’e:

1) Bele tahan todan husi burst.

2) Bele tahan todan husi collapse.

3) Bele tahan todan husi tension.

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 4) Bele tahan todan husi tension ne’ebe mak karik hetan afeita husi deviasi

lubang bor

5) Sei labele tahan todan husi kompres.

6) Bele tahan todan puntiran.

7) La fasil atu hetan korosi

2.2. Funsaun casing geralmente

Buntoro (2001) haktuir katak, casing iha mos funsaun seluk mak hanesan :

a. Prevene atu parede posu nian labele monu/rahun

b. Prevene atu bee labele kontamina ho tahu perfurasaun nian

c. Taka zona ho presaun abnormal no zona loss

d. Manten nafatin diametru posu nian

e. Prevene atu halo aksaun direitamente entre formasi

f. Fatin atu hodi hatur BOP ho ekipamentus produsaun nian

2.2.1. Prevene parede possu atu labele monu

Iha lapisan fatuk ne’ebe mak la terkonsolidasi ho diak, entaun iha procesu

perfurasaun menembus ba lapisan sei halo bo’ot lubang bor. Lubang bor ne’e sai

bo’ot tamba hetan impaktu husi diding sumur ne’ebe monu, karik lapisan lunak

hasoru lapisan nebe’e to’os maka sei fo influensia ba string sai kleuk

(Paryadi,2012).

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2.2.2 Prevene atu be’e labele kontamina ho tahu perfurasaun

Iha perfurasaunida wainhira,atu halo balansu ba tekanan formasi presija uja

tahu perfurasaun ne’ebe iha densidade neebe maka los.Tahu perfurasaun ida ne’e

maka sei halo balansu ba presaun hidrostatik husi formasi. Iha dinding sumur sei

forma mud cake no filtrat lumpur sei tama ba iha formasi. filtrate lumpur ne’ebe

mak tama ba iha formasi laran ne’e sei hamosu be’e.Atu mantem be’e fomasi

presija monta casing. (PUSDIKLAT MIGAS, 2009)

2.2.3 Atu taka Zona ho presaun Abnormal no Zona Loss

Tuir Rubiandini (2010) hateten katak zona loss ho presaun abnormal maka

zona ida ne’ebe fo impaktu hodi hamosu well kick, tamba fluida formasi tama ba

iha possu perfurasaun. Se wainhira fluida ne’e ho forma gas tenke prevene molok

atu labele hamosu akontesimentu blow out. Zona loss maka zona ida ne’ebe tahu

(mud) perfurasaun lakontama ba iha formasi laran.

2.2.4. Manten nafatin diametru posu.

Tuir fraze ne’ebe maka koalia ona iha leten katak parede ne’ebe iha possu

laran ne’e sei forma mudcake.Maibe mud cake nebe mahar hanesan fungsaun ida

husi durasaun tempu no fatuk nia permeabilitas bainhira iha procesu perfurasaun

nia laran to iha nia target. Se karik permeabilitas bo’ot entaun mud cake mos

aumenta mahar.

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2.2.5 Prevene relasaun direita ho formasi

Exemplu hanesan, wainhira posu ida bele produs ona mina no gas husi

lapisan ne’ebe diferente no bele produs hamutuk nune’e atu hafahe lapisan rua

ne’ebe produktivu presija monta casing ho packer (PUSDIKLAT MIGAS, 2013).

2.2.6 Fatin hatu’ur BOP no equipamentu produsaun

BOP (BlowOut Preventer) hanesan equipamentus ida ne’ebe uja hodi tahan

presaun posu nian wainhira iha kondisaun kick. BOP ne’e hatu’ur iha surface

casing. Equipamentus produsaun ne’ebe mak monta ba iha casing, hanesan X-mas

tree nst (Paryadi, 2012).

2.3 Penamaan no Funsaun casing

Bambang (1980) haktuir katak, iha mundu industria mina no gas wainhira atu

hanaran casing tenke baseia ba casing nia funsaun.

Penamaan casing baseia ba ninia funsaun mak hanesan tuir mai

a. Conductor casing

b. Surface casing

c. Intermediate casing

d. Production casing

e. Linear casing

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2.3.1. Conductor Casing

Condutor casing nia funsaun mak atu hodi taka formasaun be’e atu nune’e

labele kahur malu ho zat zat kimia iha tahu.Se wainhira formasi be’e la taka maka

zat zat kimia tahu sei tama ba iha formasi be’e. Zat kimia tahu barak mak fo

impakto se wainhira ema konsumu, tamba ida ne’e mak formasi be’e tenke taka

atu nune’e labele kahur malu ho zat kimia tahu. Hatun casing taka formasi, no

annulus conductor casing no possu nia parede disemen too iha rai leten

(Rubiandini,1998).

Geralmente, Casing ne’ebe uja hanesan conductor casing iha diametru ne’ebe

mak bo’ot sekitar 20’’ too 30’’, no baibain uja ba iha rai ne’ebe mamar, berair

(offshore) no fasil atu monu (PUSDIKLAT MIGAS 2013).

Iha mos funsaun seluk husi condactor casing, mak hanesan:

1) Hodi taka formasaun rai ne’ebe mak monu

2) Prevene atu be’e labele kahur malu ho tahu perfurasaun

3) Kompleta Sistema tahu ba trayek perfurasaun nian.

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Figura conductor casing hodi prevene be’e ne’ebe kahur malu ho zat kimia tahu,

bele hare iha figura kraik:

Figura 2.3 tipu tipu

casing (PUSDIKLAT MIGAS, 2013)

Conductor casing maka rangkaian casing ne’ebe mak dahuluk. Conductor

casing (conductor pipe) ne’e hatama ba iha parte ida ne’ebe atu fura posu ho

maneira loke casing uja diesel hamer. Conductor pipe ne’e nia klean 10ft to 300ft

depende ba iha kondisaun fatin ne’ebe mak atu fura. Tamanho diametru conductor

pipe geralmente entre 16 inci to’o 36 inci. Conductor pipe ne’e tenke iha tamanho

ne;ebe bo’ot atu nune’e casing ne’ebe tuir mai bele tama ba nia laran (Banbang,

1980).

Tuir (Banbang, 1980) Conductor pipe ne’e uja hodi:

 Atu rai fluida drilling atu nune’e bele halao sirkulasaun.

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  Prevene atu lubang lapisan rai leten labele aumenta bo’ot (washout) no

lapisan ne’e geralmente tipu tidak solid/rahun lalais (unconsolidated

formation).

2.3.2. Surfase Casing

Anugrah (2008) hateten katak surface casing mak casing ida ne’ebe monta

depois de conductor casing no fui semente to’o iha rai leten/superfisiu no klean

husi surface casing geralmente depende ba unconsolidated sand (pasir lepas).

Pozisaun naruk husi monta casing ida ne’e deside husi peraturan setempat

yang menentukan pada kedalaman beberapa casing tersebut harus

dipasang.Casing ne’e ita halo semen too iha rai leten. Surfase casing fungsinya atu

proteje air tanah dari kontaminasi lumpur pemboran, fatin hodi hatur BOP

howellhead (Rubiandini, 1998).

Depois de hatun conductor casing no fui sementi, kontinua fali ho perfurasaun

liu husi parte conductor casing nian ho nia tamanho bit atu bele liu husi casing. Se

wainhira bit, besik ba formasi ho presaun aas, sei hapara perfurasaun. Wainhira bit

tama liu ba ihaformasi ho presaun ne’ebe mak aas sempre hamosu well kick,

tamba ida ne’e mak presija monta BOP ho kompletu wainhira primeira ves hasai

surface casing. Surface casing fui sementi ba to’o iha superfisiu/rai leten, iha

surface casing nia tutun monta equipamentus BOP (Paryadi, 2012)

Paryadi (2012) haktuir katak, iha mos funsaun seluk husi surface casing, mak

hanesan:

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 1) Prevene atu koak ne’ebe tahu suli labele rahun/monu

2) Proteje lapisan be’e husi tahu perfurasaun nian

3) Prevene lapisan ho presaun ne’ebe mak sei enfrenta durante prefurasaun

halao

4) Hakompletu Sistema haksuli tahu

5) Nudar fatin hatur BOP

Wainhira Formasi ida aumenta klean entaun nia presaun mos aumenta bo’ot,

no mos sei enfrenta formasi ne’ebe mak ho presaun abnormal, ne’ebe mak sei

hamosu kick. Prevene atu labele mosu blow out, entaun presija monta Blow Out

Preventer (BOP) ne’ebe mak monta iha surface casing nia tutun (PUSDIKLAT

MIGAS, 2013).

Banbang (1980) haktuir katak, surface casing uja mos atu:

 Proteje formasi husi lapisan be’e mos (fresh water formation).

 Oferese fatin atu monta BOP

 Proteje/kuidadu “build” section ba iha posu berarah

 Oferese fatin atu halo “leak-off test”.

Surface casing mak casing ida ne’ebe hatama ba iha posu liu husi conductor

pipe. Klean (setting) husi surface casing ida ne’e sei depende tebes husi klean

formasi ne’ebe mak la solid (unconsolidated formation). Geralmente surface

casing ne’e iha tamanho ho diametru entre 9-5/8 inci to’o 20.0 inci. Tamba

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temperature, presaun no fluida ne’ebe korosif sei aumenta aas sejalan ho

kondisaun posu (Banbang, 1980).

Figura 2.3.2 Surfase Casing (Banbang, 1980)

2.3.3. Intermedia Casing

Intermediate casing iha mos naran seluk mak protective casing, tamba ninia

funsaunprinsipal atu hodi taka formasi ne’ebe mak fraku. Casing ne’e primeiru uja

hodi proteje formasi ne’ebe mak ho presaun abnormal no tahu ne’ebe todan uja

atu hodi kontrola presaun. (Rubiandini, 2012).

PUSDIKLAT MIGAS (2013) haktuir katak, objetivu principal husi

intermediate casing atu hodi taka zona-zona ne’ebe mak hamosu problema iha

operasaun perfurasaun, mak hanesan:

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 a) Taka formasi ne’ebe mak fasil liu atu rahun

b) Taka formasi ne’ebe mak ho presaun makas (abnormal)

c) Taka formasi ne’ebe mak existe fluida ne’ebe korosif tebes

d) Taka formasi ne’ebe mak fasil atu rahun/monu

Intermediate casing mak casing ida ne’ebe monta depois de surface casing ne’ebe

mak babain uja atu hodi taka/hasoru problema ne’ebe mak sei mosuiha formasi

durante perfurasaun halao.Geralmente intermediate casing ne’e nia diametru mais

ou menus entre 9 5/8 inci to’o 13 5/8 inci.

Intermediate casing ne’e uja atu:

 Taka zona hirak ne’ebe mak sei hamosu problema iha perfurasaun (gas

zones, lost circulation zones, nst).

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Figura intermediate casing taka formasi ne’ebe mak hamosu kick, bele hare iha

figura okos ne’e:

Figura 2.4 intermediate casing nebe’e mak taka formasi ho presaun bo’ot.

Iha perfurasaun ne’ebe mak hasoru formasi ho presaun abnormal ne’ebe

makas, Intermediate casing ne’e monta ho ninia objetivu principal atu proteje

formasi ne’ebe mak fraku, ho ida ne’e lalaok atu determina setting depth hahu

husi klean ne’ebe mak determina tiha ona to’o iha superfisiu (botton to top) atu

nune’e labele repete fila fali ninia lalaok (Buntoro,2001).

2.3.4. Production casing

Depois de perfurasaun hasoru lapisan produktivu no sei halo produsaun, maka

monta casing ne’ebe mak hanaran production casing. (PUSDIKLAT

MIGAS,2013).

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 Anugerah (2008)haktuir katak, production casing ne’e hanaran mos oil string,

casing ne’e monta iha leten ou iha klaran ou iha pay zone nia okos ne’ebe mak iha

ninia funsaun atu hasulin mina ho gas no nu’udar fatin atu hodi rai mina husi

reservoir antes atu suli ba.

Funsaun husi casing:

1) Mengisolasi zona produsaun husi formasi seluk

2) Proteje equipamentus tubing

Figura production casing neébe mak bele hafahe lapisan produktivu seluk,

bele hare figura tuir mai:

Figura 2.5 production casing (PUSDIKLAT MIGAS, 2009)

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 Production casing mak casing ida ne’ebe hatama ikus ba iha posu laran.

Production casing nia tamanho depende tebes ba total produsaun posu nian.

Wainhira produsaun iha posu ida aumenta aas tamanho production casing nian

mos presija aumenta bo’ot.Geralmente tamanho ba diametru production casing

nian entre 13.0 inci to’o 7.0 inci.

Production casing uja atu:

 Oferese fatin ba fluida ne’ebe atu produs atu akumula hamutuk

 Hafahe formasi produsaun ho formasi seluk

 Halo ligasaun entre formasi ho superfisiu/rai leten

 Oferese fati ba equipamentus hodi ajuda prosesu produsaun (submersible

pump)

2.3.5. Linear Casing

Linear casing mak modelu seluk husi production casing, ne’ebe mak badak no

gantung ± 100 ft iha shoe nia leten husi intermediate casing (Paryadi, 2012).

Rubiandini (2012 haktuir katak drilling casing ne’e monta ho funsaun ne’ebe

mak hanesan ba intermediate casing. Casing ida ne’e monta ba to’o iha

superfisio/rai leten, geralmente over lapping ho intermediate casing, ne’ebe mak

ho nia naruk 300-500 ft.Linear ne’e monta atu hodi menghemat biaya ne’ebe mak

iha funsaun atu kontrola presaun gradient ou fracture. Wainhira atu halo koak

posu iha linear nia okos, buat ida ne’ebe mak presija atu hanoin mak forsa iha

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casing nia leten hanesan ho intermediate casing ba iha gaya gaya bursting no

collapse. Casing ida ne’e mos bele monta ba to’o iha superfisiu/rai leten, sei

wainhira presija dual intermediate casing.

Tuir Banbang, (1980) Linear ne’e uja atu:

Hamenus biaya casing no biaya running casing. Se Wainhira linear ne’e

presija atu monta ba to’o iha superfisiu/rai leten ho casing sira seluk, entaun

casing ida ne’e hanaran mos “Tie Back” string.Figura linear casing bele hare iha

figura tuir mai :

Figura 2.6 Linear Casing (Paryadi , 2001)

Linear mak hanesan mos production casing ne’ebe mak monta ba iha posu nia

laran maibe la to’o ba iha superfisiu/rai leten.Geralmente linear ne’e monta ba iha

intermediate casing uja packer ou slip. Wainhira monta linear geralmente sei habit

malu (overlap) ho intermediate casing entre 100 ft to’o 150 ft (Banbang, 1989).

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2.4. Casing neebe hetan influensia ba forsa ho pressaun neebe maka atu sura

ba iha planu casing mak hanesan:

(a) Tension Load (TL)

(b) External Pressure (Pext)

(c) Internal Pressure (Pint)

(d) Biaxial Stress

2.4.1.Tension Load

Tension Load neebe hetan influensia husi casing hanesan casing nia todan neebe

mengantung iha posu nia laran. Casing aumenta naruk tension load neebe

influensia ba casing iha nia leten aumenta boot/naruk.Tension Load neebe boot

husi rangkaian casing hanesan iha leten liu. Parte husi casing neebe influensia

hanesan joint, tamba casing nia mahar foti ba ulir,nunee joint casing mak mihis

liu,tamba casing balun neebe influensia ba forsa tarikan nee mak joint,tension load

hanaran mos ho istilah joint load. Hodi nunee se wainhira hatun casing krik hili

casing ida neebe mak iha joint strength neebe boot liu husi tension load joint

(IADC , 2002).

Tuir Badu (2006) nia hanoin, Tension Load nee hanesan todan neebe mak dada ou

asaun dada neebe mk akontese husi todan casing nee rasik. Tamba husi parte husi

casing nian neebe mak junta mihis tebes (Joint-Sambungannya), tamba nee todan

neebe maka dada sempre dehan todan husi parte laran (inner load).

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2.4.2.External Pressure/ presaun liur

Tuir PUSDIKLAT MIGAS (2003), Presaun/press neebe mai husi liur casing

nian,geralmente foti husi presaun hidrostatika. No buat sira hotu tuir lolos mos

akontese husi presaun neebe mak mai husi formasaun de junta ho presaun mai

husi formasaun kotuk husi casing nee rasik susar atu identifika tamba nee maka

konsidera presaun neebe mai husi casing hanesan presaun hidrostatika deit.

Entaun presaun boot neebe mai husi liur casing maka bele dehan presaun primeiru

neebe maka mai husi karaik.

No tuir George (2009), dehan katak Collapse hanesan modelu neebe mak estraga

casing neebe mak halo iha laran. Presaun neebe mak fo ba casing husi liur bele

dehan presaun husi liur Externl Pressure. Husi plano casing external pressure ita

konhese hanesan mos presaun histrostatika husi liur casing.

2.4.3.Internal Pressure

Tuir George (2009) katak internal pressure maka presaun ida neebe ataka casing

husi laran. Se wainhira presaun neebe ataka casing husi laran boot liu fali presaun

casing sei hamosu busring.

Figura 2.7 Casing Busring oleh gaya Internal pressure (Rubiandini, 1998)

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Rubiandini (1998) haktuir katak,wainhira iha tempu perfurasaun trayek tuir mai

akontese kick entaun fluida kick neebe maka ho presaun makas sei fo presaun

neebe maka makas ba casing neebe maka monta tia ona husi parte laran casing

nian. Forsa casing hodi tahan internal pressure hanaran mos internal pressure

yield (pi). Atu labele hamosu bursting tenke hili casing ida neebe iha internal

yield pressure neebe mak boot liu internal pressure.

2.4.4. Baixial Stress

Rubiandini (2010) haktuir katak, ho beban neebe mak tara iha casing sei fo

posibilidade ba casing atu simu forsa neebe mak servisu hamutuk ho

casing.Geralmente biaxial stress nee maka external pressure no gaya berat. Forsa

neebe dada casing mai husi todan casing neebe mak tara iha casing. Tamba ida

nee mak collapse resistance tenki hadia husi todan casing neebe mak tara iha

casing.

2.5 Study Literatura

Casing mak pipa ho diametru neebe lolos uja hodi hatama ba iha posu perfurasaun

nia laran. Bainhira ita monta casing ba iha perfurasaun mina no gas nian sai

hanesan parte importante husi planeamentu casing.Tamba ida ne’e mak casing

hanaran mos pipa selubung. Iha operasaun perfurasaun mina no gas nian bainhira

to’o ona iha klean ne’ebe mak ita determina, faze tuir mai mak ita sei monta

casing. Casing importante tebes atu hodi deside operasaun perfurasaun bele lao ho

diak ka la diak tamba casing nia funsaun mak: prevene atu parede posu nian labele

monu, prevene atu tahu perfurasaun nian labele kahur malu ho be’e, taka zona ho

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presaun abnormal no zona loss, halo diametru posu nian nafatin , prevene halo

aksaun direita ho formasi, fatin hodi hatu’ur BOP no equipamentus produsaun.

 Termus ne’ebe tenki kumpri bainhira atu desaign casing para monta

ba iha possu mina no gas nian maka tenki tuir buat hirak. ne’e :

1. Bele tahan todan husi burst.

2. Bele tahan todan husi collapse.

3. Bele tahan todan husi tension.

4. Bele tahan todan husi tension ne’ebe mak karik hetan afeita husi

deviasi lubang bor

5. Sei labele tahan todan husi kompres.

6. Bele tahan todan puntiran.

7. La fasil atu hetan korosi

 Kada pipa husi casing fahe ba parte tolu(3):

1. Body casing

2. Thread

3. Coupling

 Funsaun Casing

1. Prevene atu parede posu nian labele monu/rahun

2. Prevene atu bee labele kontamina ho tahu perfurasaun nian

3. Taka zona ho presaun abnormal no zona loss

4. Mantem nafatin diametru posu nian

5. Prevene atu halo aksaun direitamente entre formasi

6. Fatin atu hodi hatur BOP ho ekipamentus produsaun nian

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 Penemaan no Funsaun Casing

1. Condactor Casing

2. Surfase Casing

3. Intermediate Casing

4. Production Casing

5. Linear Casing

 Casing neebe hetan influensia ba forsa ho presaun

1. Tension Load (TL)

2. External pressure (Pext)

3. Internal Pressure (Pint)

4. Biaxial Stress

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 KAPITULU III : MAKTAKAN

3.1 Konkluzaun

Casing hanesan pipa ida ne’ebe mak hatama ba iha possu nia laran

bainhira prosesu perfurasaun too ona klean ne’ebe mak ita deside ona. Ita presiza

monta casing ne’e atu nune’e bele tahan parede formasaun nian atu nune’e labele

monu, atu kontrola tahu atu nune’e bainhira halo sirkulasaun nia labele lakon no

ikus liu mak atu bele proteje akontesimentu sira seluk hanesan blow out. Depois

ida nee maka sei hatun tubing ba, no tuirmai mak sei halo kuak/perforasi iha

casing produsaun atu nunee fluida bele sulin tama possu no depois bele halai sae

mai iha rai leten ho presaun husi rai okos.

3.2 Sugestaun

Casing vertical hanesan pipa ida no nia procesu atu desenhu ba iha posu

nebe maka iha mina no gas ho tipu nebe’e vertikal ho nune atu sujere karik atu

kontinua hakerek topiku refere bele hare mos iha factor safety atu nune casing

bele iha benefisiu ba kompanha.

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 REFERENSIA

Gatlin, (1960).Fundamental of Casing Design, London, UK.

Anugrah,M. (2008).’’ OperasiDesain Casing
PadaOperasiPemboran’’ Universitas Indonesia.
Buntoro.(2001).TeknikPemboran – Modul ‘’Universitas Indonesia.
Rubiandini,R. (1998,2010,2012).’’ TeknikOperasiPemboran I,II
Volume III.
OptimasiPemborandan Solver’’Institute TechnologyBandung
(ITB).
Banbang (1995).Casing Desaing Theory, University Of New
Wales,Sidney.
Badu.(2006).OptimasiDesaing, FT Universitas Indonesia.
Rubiandini,R.
(1998).TeknikPemboranBagianI,JurusanTeknikPerminyakan,Univ
ersitas. Pembagun Nasional Veteran Yogjakarta.
PUSDIKLAT MIGAS Cepu (2007).Modul Mud School
DrilingFluid.Cepu
Aris Buntoro, M.Sc (2001) “Teknik pemboran Modol –I”,Jurusan
Teknik Perminyakan,Universitas proklamasi 45 Yogyakarta.
Lex Plant (Dec.1997)”UNOCAL 76, Kamus Minyak dan Gas
Bumi.
Bambang, T (1980), Teknik Pemboran, Himpunan Mahasiswa
Teknik Perminyakan PATRA, ITB,Bandung.

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