English PDF

English for Lao Secondary Schools M7
ĺĿŢŀįĺĿŢňĮģŁĮĺœŁĦīŉœĮĺ
ĿįŀįŎ ĪĩĦŉįİ
ĿĵŁĮōĻŒĦĸŀĪ
ĺĿŢŀįĺĿŢňĮģŁĮĳŃĵŎĪĩĭĿĮŁĥŁĮĳŀĪĭĿĮŁļŁĨń
ĳŃĵĭńŒ(DVWHUP3ULQWLQJ3XEOLF&R/WGİĿŌĭĪŐĭ
īŁĵĭįĳħ
ĤĿŢŁĪ[ĨĵħłĮĹĮĳŃĵĻŉĹ
ĺĿĻĦĹĮĸŃĤĿĺŃĪ
ດິ
ະສ
7
ລຂິ
Writers: Viengkham PHONPRASEUTH
ວນ
Khamphanh PHIMSIPASOM
Manoly DONGVAN
ຫງ
Ammaly ALATHEP
Viengkham SINGVONGSA
ສະ
Vongmani SITHA
Manivone PHAXAYAVONG
ສ
Managing Editors: Khamphanh PHIMSIPASOM

ວ.
Viengkham PHONPRASEUTH
ສ.
Editor in chief: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bouasavanh KEOVILAY
Design and Layout: Khonesavanh CHANTHAVIXAY
Ministry of Education and Sports

Research Institute for Educational Sciences
2016
Introduction
The English textbook for secondary schools is the sixth in a series of seven textbooks which
are currently developed to respond to the new policy of the Ministry of Education and Sports on the
reform of general education from 11 years to 12 years. Upon the new educational reform, the
Ministry of Education has decided to add another year to the secondary school program in the
academic year 2009-2010. To implement the new policy, the Foreign Language Resource Centre at
the Research Institute for Educational Sciences in cooperation with the Faculty of Letters at the
National University of Laos have formed a team to develop the curriculum and write the textbook
with a teacher’s guide through financial support of the Basic Education Sector Development Project
(BESDP).
Along with the textbook, the teacher’s guide has also been provided in order to help with more
effective teaching. The teacher’s guide includes teaching techniques for each step of the lessons.
ດິ
ະສ
There are also some instructions on how to use teaching aids and some suggestions for teachers and
students on how to create teaching aids for their own classes.
However, the textbook is produced under the time pressure; therefore, some minor errors could
not be avoided. The Foreign Language Resource Centre highly appreciates all comments and
ລຂິ
suggestions from readers and these are considered as a great contribution to the quality assurance of
the textbook as well as to the development of the Lao National Education. The Research Institute for
ວນ
Educational Sciences avails itself of this opportunity to express its sincere thanks to all contributors.
Research Institute for Educational Sciences
ຫງ
ຄ ໍານ ໍາ
ປຶ້ ມແບບຮຽນພາສາອ ັງກິດນີແ
້ ມນເຫຼ
່ ັ ້ມທີ 7 ຊຶ່ ງແມນເຫຼ
່ ັ ້ມສຸດທາ້ ຍໃນລະບ ົບສາສາມນສຶ ້ ເພື່ ອຕອບ
ັ ກສາຊຶ່ ງຂຽນຂຶນ
ສະ
ູ ການສຶກສາຈາກລະບ ົບ 11 ປີ ຫາ 12 ປີ ຮຽນ.. ເພື່ ອປະຕິບ ັດນະໂຍບາຍດງ່ ັ ກາ່ ວໃຫປ

ຮ ັບກ ັບນະໂຍບາຍການປະຕິຮບ ້ ະກ ົດ
ົ້
ຜ ົນເປັນຈິງ ສູນສ່ງົ ເສີມພາສາຕາ່ ງປະເທດ,, ສະຖາບ ັນຄນຄວາ້ ວິທະຍາສາດການສຶກສາ,, ໂດຍສ ົມທ ົບກ ັບຄະນະອ ັກສອນ
ສາດຂອງມາຫາວິທະຍາໄລແຫງ່ ຊາດໄດຈ ັ ທະນາຫຼ ັກສູດປຶ້ ມແບບຮຽນ ແລະ ຄູມ
້ ັດທິມງານ ເພື່ ອພດ ່ ຄ
ື ພ ັ ້ ັດ
ູ າສາອ ັງກິດຊນມ
້ , ໂດຍແມນການຊ
ທະຍ ົມຂຶນ ່ ່ ຍເຫຼືອຈາກໂຄງການພດ
ວ ັ ້ ້ນຖານ SESDP.
ັ ທະນາການສຶກສາຂນພື
ສ
່ ັບປຶ້ ມແບບຮຽນເຫຼັ້ມນີຍ
ຄຽງຄູກ ້ ັງປະກອບມີປຶ້ມຄູມ
່ ຄ
ື ູ ເພື່ ອຊວ
່ ຍໃຫສ
້ າມາດປະຕິບ ັດການສິດສອນຢາ່ ງມີປະສິດທິ
ວ.
ຜ ົນ. ໃນປຶ້ ມຄູມ

່ ຄ
ື ໄູ ດແ ັ້
້ ນະນ ໍາຂນຕອນການສິ
ດສອນຂອງແຕລ
່ ະບ ົດຮຽນ. ້ ັງມີການແນະນ ໍາການໃຊອ
ນອກຈາກນີຍ ້ ປ
ຸ ະກອນ
ການສອນ ແລະ ການປະດິດອຸປະກອນການຮຽນ-ການສອນໂດຍຄູ ແລະ ນ ັກຮຽນອີກດວ
້ ຍ.
ສ.
ີ ື້ ມປຶ້ ມແບບຮຽນສະບ ັບນີໄ້ ດສ

ເຖິງຢາ່ ງໃດກໍດປ ້ ໃນສະພາບອ ັນຮີບດວ
້ າ້ ງຂຶນ ່ ນ ຈຶ່ ງບໍ່ ອາດປາສະຈາກໄດຂ ້ າດຕ ົກ
້ ໍຂ
ັ ້ ງຂໍສະເໜີມາຍ ັງຄູ ແລະ ຜູນ
່ ງບາງປະການ.. ສະນນຈຶ່
ບ ົກຜອ ້ ຶ້ ມ ຖາ້ ເຫັ ນວາ່ ສິ່ ງໃດ ສ ົມຄວນປັບ
້ ໍາພານ ັກຮຽນໃນການນ ໍາໃຊປ
ປຸງ ແລະ ດ ັດແກ ້ ກະລຸນາສ່ງົ ຄ ໍາຄິດເຫັ ນຂອງທາ່ ນມາຍ ັງ ສະຖາບ ັນຄນຄວ
ົ້ າ້ ວິທະຍາສາດການສຶກສາເພື່ ອຈະໄດປ
້ ບ
ັ ປຸງໃຫ້
ຶ້ ໃນຂນຕໍ່
ດີຂນ ັ ້ ໄປ.. ທຸກຄ ໍາຄິດເຫັ ນຂອງບ ັນດາທາ່ ນລວ ່ ນເຂົ້າໃນການ ພດ
້ ນແຕເ່ ປັນການປະກອບສວ ັ ທະນາການສຶກສາຂອງ
ລາວໃຫນ ້ ຄ
້ ັບມືມ ຸ ນະພາບດີຍ່ ງຂຶ
ີ ນ ິ ນ ້ . ົ້
ສະຖາບ ັນຄນຄວ າ້ ວິທະຍາສາດການສຶກສາຂໍສະແດງຄວາມຂອບໃຈລວ
່ ງໜາ້ ມາຍ ັງ
້ ວ
ທຸກໆທາ່ ນນະໂອກາດນີດ ້ ຍ..
້ົ
ສະຖາບ ັນຄນຄວາ້ ວິທະຍາສາດການສຶກສາ
I
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS
The Research Institute for Educational Sciences (RIES) would like to
acknowledge the assistance and contribution of the organizations and people who
directly participated in the development and publication of the English textbook M.7
for Lao Upper Secondary Schools. Firstly, the RIES would like to express its sincere
thanks to the Secondary Education Sector Development Project that contributed
equipment and financial support to the development and publication of the textbooks
and teacher guides. Secondly, the RIES would like to extend its thanks to subject
experts who devoted their times, especially Bush on editing the textbook (DIC).
Lastly, the RIES would like to express its special thanks to the following people for
their participation in writer’s workshops:
Viengkham PHONPRASEUTH Research Institute for Educational Sciences
Khamphanh PHIMSIPASOM Research Institute for Educational Sciences
Manoly DONGVAN Research Institute for Educational Sciences
Ammaly ALATHEP Research Institute for Educational Sciences
Khonesavanh CHANTHAVIXAY Research Institute for Educational Sciences
Viengkham SINGVONGSA Research Institute for Educational Sciences
Vongmani SITHA Research Institute for Educational Sciences
Manivone PHAXAYAVONG Vientiane Secondary School
A special thanks to the following teachers for their contribution to improvement of

this textbook.
Chanpheng THONPASONG Phonesavanh Secondary School (Champasack)
Yangchangthao HOUAVA Phonsavath Secondary School (Xaysomboun)
Chansamone OUDOMSITH Provincial Secondary School (Luang Namtha)
Phouthsady PHISITH Phanhluang Secondary School (Luang Phrabang)
II
Table of Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................ I
Acknowledgement ................................................................................................ II
Table of contents ................................................................................................. III
________________________________________________________________
Unit 1 Education............................................................................................. 1
Lesson 1 Education in Laos ................................................................ 1
ດິ
ະສ
Lesson 2 School days ......................................................................... 6
Lesson 3 Leaving school .................................................................. 11
________________________________________________________________
Unit 2 Road accident .................................................................................... 16
ລຂິ
Lesson 1 Traffic problems in towns ................................................. 16
ວນ
Lesson 2 Traffic signs ...................................................................... 21
Lesson 3 Traffic rules ....................................................................... 26
________________________________________________________________
ຫງ
Unit 3 Holidays ............................................................................................ 31

Lesson 1 Holidays in Laos ............................................................... 31
ສະ
Lesson 2 Holiday plans .................................................................... 36

Lesson 3 At the roadside restaurant.................................................. 41
________________________________________________________________
ສ
Unit 4 Geography ......................................................................................... 46

ວ.
Lesson 1 Laos ................................................................................... 46

Lesson 2 Weather ............................................................................. 51
ສ.
Lesson 3 Tourist sites ....................................................................... 56

________________________________________________________________
Unit 5 Agriculture ........................................................................................ 61
Lesson 1 Coffee growing.................................................................. 61
Lesson 2 Farm animals ..................................................................... 66
Lesson 3 Irrigation ............................................................................ 71
________________________________________________________________
III
Unit 6 Revision .............................................................................................. 76
Review (unit 1-5) ................................................................................ 76
________________________________________________________________
Unit 7 The environment ............................................................................. 83
Lesson 1 Living in the big cities ..................................................... 83
Lesson 2 Rubbish burning .............................................................. 88
Lesson 3 The lively cities ............................................................... 93
________________________________________________________________
Unit 8 The trends ........................................................................................ 98
Lesson 1 Population growth ........................................................... 98
Lesson 2 Economic development ................................................. 103
Lesson 3 Changes ......................................................................... 108
________________________________________________________________
Unit 9 Wildlife........................................................................................... 113
Lesson 1 Endangered animals....................................................... 113
Lesson 2 Conserving wild life ...................................................... 118
Lesson 3 Forest ............................................................................. 123
________________________________________________________________
Unit 10 The job opportunities ................................................................... 128
Lesson 1 Job application ............................................................... 128
Lesson 2 Fill in the form ............................................................... 133
Lesson 3 Job interview ................................................................. 138
________________________________________________________________
Unit 11 Revision .......................................................................................... 143
Review (unit 7-10) ......................................................................... 143
Irregular verbs ................................................................................. 151
_______________________________________________________
Bibliography ..................................................................................................... 154
IV
Lesson 1 Education in Laos
In this lesson students learn about the general education system in Laos through
study and thinking skills.
1. Vocabulary
general education ສາມນສຶ
ັ ກສາ entrance examination ການສອບເສັ ງເຂົ້າ
particular ສະເພາະ pre-school ກອ
່ ນໄວຮຽນ
ດິ
ະສ
undertake ຮ ັບປະຕິບ ັດ primary school ໂຮງຮຽນປະຖ ົມ
level ລະດ ັບ continue ສືບຕໍ່
secondary school ໂຮງຮຽນມດທະຍ ັ ົມ prepare ກະກຽມ
option ທາງເລືອກ vocational ດາ້ ນວິຊາຊີບ
practical
ລຂິ
ພາກປະຕິບ ັດ compulsory ບ ັງຄ ັບ
ວນ
knowledge ຄວາມຮູ້ consist ປະກອບດວ
້ ຍ
technical training ການອ ົບຮ ົມດາ້ ນວິຊາສະເພາະ
ຫງ
2. Listen and repeat

Listen and repeat the words from the vocabulary box after the teacher.
ສະ
3. Listen and practise

ສ
Listen and repeat after the teacher, then practise the dialogue in pairs.
ວ.
Manotham is attending a Young Scientists Conference in Malaysia.

Here he meets Samy, a student from Singapore.
ສ.
Manotham: Hello, my name is Manotham. I’m from Laos.

Samy: Hi, I’m Samy. I’m from Singapore. Nice to meet you.
Manotham: Nice to meet you too.
Samy: Manotham, I’m very interested in education systems in
Laos. Can I ask you?
Manotham: Yes, of course. What can I help you?
Samy: At what age do children start school in your country?
1
Manotham: If they attend pre-school, they normally start at the age of
three.
Samy: How long does it take for primary and secondary school?
Manotham: Five years for primary school and seven years for secondary
school.
Samy: Oh, very interesting. After secondary school, where do
students continue their study?
Manotham: At the university, vocational or technical schools, but they
have to take entrance examinations first for all institutions.
Samy: Oh, really? Thank you very much for your interesting
information.
Manotham: You’re welcome.
4. Read and answer

Read the dialogue again and answer true(T) or false (F). If it is false, give the
correct answer. The first one has been done for you.
1. Manotham is in Laos now. F (He is in Malaysia).
2. He is attending a workshop. _________
3. It takes more than 5 years for primary school in Laos. _________
4. Most children start pre-school at the age of three. _________
5. There is no university in Laos. _________
6. Samy is Malaysian. _________
7. It takes longer to study at primary school than at
secondary school. _________
5. Pre-reading
Think about these questions. Discuss your answers with your classmates.
1. Before going to primary school, did you attend pre-school?
2. What did you learn at pre- school?
3. Do you still remember the subjects that you studied at primary school?
2
5. What was your favourite subject?
6. What is your most favourite subject now? Why do you like it?
6. Match
Match the words with their meanings
Example: (1-e)
1. consist __e__a. education with general knowledge
2. general education _____b. how high something is
3. pre-school _____c. school for pupils ages 6-11
ດິ
ະສ
4. primary school _____d. school for young pupils
5. secondary school _____e. be made up of something
6. level _____f. school for pupils ages 11-18
7. technical
ລຂິ _____g. the thing that must be done
ວນ
8. compulsory _____h. special, practical knowledge
ຫງ
7. Read and answer

Read the text and answer the questions below.
ສະ
General education in Laos
General education in Laos consists of pre-school, primary school and

ສ
secondary school. Most children in Laos start their education at about three
ວ.
years old. pre-school takes three years to prepare children for primary school.
Children study at primary school from about six to eleven years old- a total of
ສ.
five years. Primary education is compulsory in Laos. After finishing primary

school, they go to secondary school, which takes seven years to finish- four
years for lower secondary school and three years for upper secondary school.
Normally, students complete their general education at the age of about
eighteen. Students who pass the final exam in secondary school receive the
secondary school certificate.
3
Students who pass the entrance examination can continue their
education after secondary school. The highest level of education is university-
this takes four to six years. Students who do not want to go to university can
go to vocational or technical schools, which take three years. Another option
is vocational hands-on training for a particular job.
Questions:
1. Why do children go to pre-school?

…………………………………………………………………………
2. At what age do children start primary school?
…………………………………………………………………………
3. How old are students when they complete secondary school?
…………………………………………………………………………
4. What do students have to do if they want to continue their studies after
secondary school?
…………………………………………………………………………
5. How long does it take to study at university?
…………………………………………………………………………
6. Why do people go to vocational school?
…………………………………………………………………………
7. What is your future plan after completing secondary school?
…………………………………………………………………………
8. Listen and complete

Listen to the teacher and complete the text below. The first one has
been done for you.
General (1) …education… in Laos consists of pre-school, primary
school and (2)……………….. school. Most children in Laos start their
4
education at about (3) ……… years old when they enter pre-school. Pre-
school takes three years, and (4)…………..children for primary school.
Children (5)………….. at primary school from about six to eleven years old- a
total of five (6)……..…. Primary education is (7)…….…… in Laos. After
finishing primary (8) ………….., they go to secondary school, which takes
seven years to (9) ………….- four years for (10)………… secondary school
and three years for (11) …………..….. secondary school. Normally, students
complete their education at the age of about eighteen. Students who pass the
ດິ
ະສ
final exam in secondary school (12) ……………the secondary school
certificate.
Students who (13) …………….. the entrance examination can continue
ລຂິ
their education (14) ………..….. secondary school. The highest level of
ວນ
education is (15)…………..……- this takes four to six years. Students who do
not want to go to university can go to vocational or technical schools, which
take three years. Another option is vocational hands-on (16) …………..……
ຫງ
for a particular job.

ສະ
9. Write
Use the information from Exercise 8 to write one paragraph about your
ສ
school life.
ວ.
Example: I started primary school when I was six years old.

…………………………………………………………………….……………
ສ.
……………………………………………………………………….…………
…………………………………………………………………….……………
……………………………………………………………………….…………
…………………………………………………………………….……………
……………………………………………………………………….…………
…………………………………………………………………….……………
5
Lesson 2 Schools days
In this lesson students learn to talk about old school days, school subjects and learn
the expression I wish, I had/hadn’t.
1. Vocabulary
analyse ວິເຄາະ canteen ຫອ

້ ງອາຫານ
statistics ສະຖິຕິ company ບໍລິສ ັດ
enjoy ມກັ situation ສະຖານະການ
wish ປາດຖະໜາ regret ເສັ ຍດາຍ
solve ແກໄ້ ຂ slightly more ຫຼາຍກວ
່ າໜອ
້ ຍໜຶ່ ງ
garlic ກະທຽມ a bit more ນອ
້ ຍກວ
່ າໜອ
້ ຍໜຶ່ ງ
order ສ່ງັ a lot more ຫຼາຍກວ
່ າຫຼາຍ
receiver ຜູຮ
້ ັບ a lot less ໜອ
້ ຍກວ
່ າຫຼາຍ
sender ້ ່ ງົ
ຜູສ


Bouth and Teng both work for the same company. They meet in the
canteen.
Bouth: Hello, Teng. How are you?
Teng: Fine, thanks. And you?
Bouth: I’m fine. How’s your work?
Teng: It’s OK at the moment, but I think I might have problems
later.
Bouth: Why?
6
Teng: Well, I have to analyze all the statistics from the provinces,
and it’s too difficult for me.
Bouth: Oh, I see. How was your maths when you were at school?
Teng: I wasn’t very good at maths. I wish I had studied harder. I
see how important maths is now.
Bouth: What subjects did you like when you were at school?
Teng: I really enjoyed studying French.
Bouth: I don’t know any French. I wish I’d studied it.
ດິ
ະສ
Teng: So, what was your favorite subject?
Bouth: Maths. I was very good at maths when I was at school.
Teng: That’s great! You could help me to solve my problems,
ລຂິ
couldn’t you?
ວນ
Bouth: Sure. I’d be glad.
4. Read and answer

ຫງ
Read the dialogue again and answer true (T) or false (F). If it is false, give
the correct answer. The first one has been done for you.
ສະ
Example:
Bouth and Teng are friends. ___ T___
ສ
1. Bouth and Teng are students. __________

ວ.
2. It’ s difficult for Teng to analyse statistics. __________

ສ.
3. Bouth wasn’t good at maths. __________
4. Teng liked to study French. __________
5. Teng wishes he had studied French harder. __________
6. Bouth’s favorite subject was maths. __________
7. Bouth asked Teng for help. __________

7
5. Grammar note
I wish I had/hadn’t + past participle
I wish I had studied harder. ຂອ້ ຍເສຍດາຍທີ່ ບໍ່ ໍໄດຕ້ ງໃຈຮຽນ

ັ້ .
I wish I hadn’t ordered garlic pork ຂອ້ ຍເສຍດາຍທີ່ ສ່ງັ ໝູຈນື ກະທຽມ.
x ຄ ໍາວາ່ wish ຈະແປໄດຫ
້ ຼາຍຢາ ້ ໃນຂອງປະໂຫຍກນນໆ
່ ງໃນພາສາລາວອີງຕາມເນືອ ັ້ .
້ ມນເວົ
x ປະໂຫຍກນີແ ່ ້າເຖິງຄວາມປາດຖະໜາ.
ຕ ົວຢາ
່ ງ: I wish I were rich ຂອ້ ຍປາດຖະໜາ ຢາກຮງ່ ັ ມີ.
x ແຕໃ່ ນປະໂຫຍກນີສ້ ະແດງເຖິງຄວາມເສຍດາຍ.
x ຕ ົວຢ່າງ: ັ້
I wish I had studied harder. ຂອ້ ຍເສຍດາຍທີ່ ບໍ່ ໄດຕ້ ງໃຈຮຽນ .
She wishes she had bought that shirt. ລາວເສຍດາຍທີ່ ບໍ່ ໄດຊ້ ເື້ ສື້ອໂຕນນັ້ .
6. Write
Write sentences using wish.
Example:
When Mala was at school, she didn’t play basketball.
She wishes she had played basketball.
1. She didn’t learn English.
…………………………………………………………………………
2. She didn’t study music.
………………………………………………………………………...
3. She missed a lot of lessons.
………………………………………………………………………...
4. She left school when she was fourteen.
………………………………………………………………………...
5. She didn’t learn how to swim.
…………………………………………………………………………
6. She didn’t make many friends.
…………………………………………………………………………
7. What do you wish?
…………………………………………………………………………
8
7. Read and answer
Look at the two pie charts below, read the text below and answer the
questions.
(a) An international school (b) A Lao school
ດິ
ະສ
ລຂິ
ວນ
Chart (a) shows how much time is spent studying different subjects for
ຫງ
one class at an international school. Chart (b) gives the same information for
one class at a Lao school.
ສະ
As you can see, both classes spend a lot of time on maths and science
subjects. Students at the international school spend twenty percent of their
ສ
time studying maths; the Lao schools spend eighteen percent of their time on
ວ.
maths. The international students spend nearly a quarter of their time on

science subjects; science takes up one fifth of the Lao school curriculum.
ສ.
9
Questions:
1. What does chart (a) show?
…………………………………………………………………………
2. What does chart (b) show?

…………………………………………………………………………
3. What subjects do both classes spend the most of their time on?
…………………………………………………………………………
4. How much time does the international school take up on history and
geography?
…………………………………………………………………………
5. How much time does the Lao school spend on history and geography?
…………………………………………………………………………
6. “Science takes up more than 20% percent in the international school”.
Is this statement true or false?

…………………………………………………………………………
8. Write
Describe a pie chart about Aloundeth Primary School time table.
Aloundeth Primary School timetable
10
Lesson 3 Leaving School
In this lesson students learn to talk about their plans after graduation from school and
how to write a formal letter.
1. Vocabulary
interpreter ນາຍແປພາສາ announcement ປະກາດ

sender ້ ່ ງົ
ຜູສ scholarship ທຶນການສຶກສາ
ດິ
ະສ
private sector ພາກເອກກະຊ ົນ economy ເສດຖະກິດ
graduate ຈ ົບການສຶກສາ proud ພາກພູມໃຈ
closing ceremony ພິທີປິດ enclose ຂ ັດຕິດມາພອ

້ ມ
Faculty of Letters
ລຂິ ຄະນະອ ັກສອນສາດ resume ຊີວະປະຫວ ັດ
ວນ
Faculty of Engineering ຄະນະວິສະວະກາສາດ
ໍ signature ລາຍເຊັ ນ
Faculty of Education ຄະນະສຶກສາສາດ chance ໂອກາດ

ຫງ
application form ຄ ໍາຮອ

້ ງ/ໃບສະໝັກ opportunity ໂອກາດ
advertisement ປະກາດ/ໂຄສະນາ overseas ຕາ່ ງປະເທດ

ສະ

ສ
ວ.

ສ.
Listen to the teacher and complete the missing information.
(a) Saydavanh
“I’m very happy, (1) ___________ and excited to attend the closing
ceremony today. It is a very important day for me, after studying seven years
at secondary school. I’ve waited for this day (2) __________ I finished my
11
final (3) _________ two months ago. I’m (4) ___________ to go to the
university. I‘d like to study English at the Faculty of Letters. In the (5)
___________I’d like to (6) _________ for the government as an interpreter. I
hope that I’ll have a (7) __________ to study overseas one day.”
(b) Vilaysack
“I’d (1) ___________to study at the Faculty of Engineering at the (2)

___________ University. When I finish university, I’d like to work in the
private sector. I think I can make more (3) ___________, and I also think that
the private sector is good for the (4) ___________, if the private (5)
___________ grows, the economy will be stronger.”
4. Find
Find words or phrases in the texts that mean:
Example: opportunity chance
1. a person who translates spoken language ………………………………..

2. in another country ………………………………..
3. develop ………………………………..
4. department of the university ………………………………..
5. complete ………………………………..
5. Speak
Work in a group of four. Tell your classmates about your future plan. Use
Exercise 3 as an example.
12
6. Read and answer
Read Vonthong’s letter and answer the questions.
Laos Australia Institute Luang Namtha Secondary School
Setthathirath Avenue P.o Box 117
Xiengnheun Village Laos
Chanthabouly District Date: 25 March 2015
Vientiane, Laos
Dear Mr Pennington,
ດິ
ະສ
I saw your announcement about scholarships in the Vientiane
Times last week, and I am interested in it.
I am twenty-four years old. I graduated from the National
ລຂິ
University of Laos (Faculty of Education) two years ago, and I have
ວນ
been teaching English in Luang Namtha Secondary School since then. I
would like to study in Australia to improve my knowledge of teaching
ຫງ
English as a foreign language.

I enclose my resume. Could you please send me more details and an
ສະ
application form?
I look forward to hearing from you.

ສ
Yours Sincerely,
ວ.
(Ms) Vongthong Khamvong

ສ.
Questions:
1. Who is writing this letter?
………………………………………………………………………
2. What is Vongthong’s postal address?
………………………………………………………………………
3. What is her job?
………………………………………………………………………
13
4. Where did she study before teaching at Luang Namtha Secondary School?
……………………………………………………………………….
5. How long has she worked at Luang Namtha Secondary School?
…………………………………………………………………….…
6. Who is she writing to?
…………………………………………………………………….…
7. Why is Vongthong writing the letter?
……………………………………………………………………….
8. What did she enclose with the letter?
………………………………………………………………….……
Language note: A formal letter

Look at the diagram of a formal
letter. Notice where all the parts sender address and date
are on that page.

The sender’s address (but not the
name) is at the top on the right.
The date is under the sender’s
Address.
The name and address of the
person you are writing to comes
next, on the left.
All letters start with Dear + the
name of the person you are writing to.
If you don’t know the name, you can
start with Dear Sir/Madam.
Finish the letters with Yours
Sincerely, then your signature,
then your name (write clearly).
14
7. Write
Write a letter or an email asking for a scholarship to study in Japan (JICE) or
in Australia (AusAID) using the letter in Exercise 6 as an example.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
..……………………………………………………………………..………
ດິ
ະສ
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
ລຂິ
..……………………………………………………………………..………
ວນ
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
ຫງ
………………………………………………………………………………
..……………………………………………………………………..………
ສະ
ສ
ວ.
ສ.
15
Lesson 1 Traffic problems in towns
In this lesson students learn about traffic problems in towns.
1. Vocabulary
Read and remember the meanings of these words and phrases.
collision ໍ ັນ (ລ ົດ..ອື່ນໆ)
ຕາກ inevitable ຫຼີກລຽ່ ງບໍ່ ໄດ ້
combine ລວມເຂົ້າກ ັນ injury ບາດເຈັບ
comply with ປະຕິບ ັດຕາມ major cause ສາເຫດໃຫຍ ່
component ອ ົງປະກອບ motorist ້ ັບຂີ່ລ ົດ
ຜູຂ
crash ຕາກ
ໍ ັນ public transport ຂ ົນສ່ ງົ ສາທາລະນະ
crowded ໜາແໜນ
້ rush hours ຊ່ວົ ໂມງຮີບຮອ
້ ນ
downtown ໃນຕ ົວເມືອງ smoke ຄວ ັນ (ຄວ ັນລ ົດ)
exclusively ຕາ່ ງຫາກ (ພິເສດ) speed limit ຄວາມໄວຈາກ
ໍ ັດ
vehicle ພາຫະນະ transportation mode ແບບຂ ົນສ່ ງົ
harm ອ ັນຕະລາຍ(ຄວາມເສຍຫາຍ)


Thongdy: Hi, Vansy. Where are you going?
Vansy: I’m going downtown.
Thongdy: Are you driving your own car?
Vansy: Yes, I am.
Thongdy: I think, it’d better to use public transport.
Vansy: What’s the problem if I drive my car?
Thongdy: The traffic in downtown is always busy.
Vansy: Really? What is the best transport I could use?
16
Thongdy: You could use a public bus, taxi or tuk-tuk.
Vansy: OK. I’ll go by bus and then take a tuk-tuk to a book shop.
4. Read and say

Take turns to read and say the following sentences.
1. During rush hours, the traffic is very crowded towns.
2. People are in a hurry all the time.
3. Motorists sometimes break traffic rules.
4. Most cars use air conditioners.
ດິ
ະສ
5. The smoke from cars makes air polluted and it is very harmful to people’s
health.
6. Every day, there are a lot of road accidents, which are major causes of
losses in people’s lives and property.
ລຂິ
7. In towns, there are not enough parking areas.
ວນ
5. Read and match
ຫງ
Read the following words or phrases and match them with appropriate pairs
of their Lao translations.
ສະ
1. motorist ____a. ຈະລາຈອນໜາແໜນ ້

2. crowded traffic ____b. ສາເຫດໃຫຍ ່
3. major cause ____c. ຜູຂ ້ ັບຂີ່ລ ົດ
ສ
4. public transport ____d. ໃນຕ ົວເມືອງ

ວ.
5. downtown ____e. ຊ່ວົ ໂມງເລັ່ ງດວ່ ນ

6. speed limit ____f. ຂ ົນສ່ງົ ສາທາລະນະ
ສ.
7. smoke ____g. ຄວາມໄວຈາກ ໍ ັດ

8. rush hour ____h. ຄວນລົດ
6. Choose and complete

Choose correct words in the box to complete the text below.
crowded, motorists, electric, happen, recorded,
fast, pedestrian, collides, traffic, runners
17
Road accidents in Vientiane
Vientiane is the most (1)……………
city in Laos. Every day, there are a lot of
road accidents. (2)……………… are in a
hurry to get to their work places. Some of
them drive very (3)………… in crowded
streets. Some of them are red light
(4)……………… . As a result, a number of
accidents (5) …………..……. every day. Among a number of accidents
motorbike accidents are (6)…………….. high. Students ride motorbikes to
school. They do not pay attention to (7)……………. rules. They enjoy riding
with their friends and sometimes they race each other in crowded streets.
Every day, people can see a car (8)……………. with a bus, a motorbike
crashes into a car, a motorbike hits a (9)………………, motorbikes crash into
each other and sometimes a car hits an (10)……………. pole or traffic island.
These make a terrible image of the big city like Vientiane.
7. Grammar note
Present continuous tense for the future is used to talk about something that
is already planned. ນ ັກຮຽນອາດສ ັງເກດໄດວ້ າ່ ການໃຊ ້ Present continuous tense
for the future ແມນໃຊ
່ ເ້ ວົ້າເຖິງເຫດການທີ່ ເຮົາໄດວ
້ າງແຜນເປັນທີ່ ຮຽບຮອ
້ ຍແລວ
້ ທີ່ ຈະປະຕິບ ັດ
ັ ້ ຖືວາ່ ເຮົາໃຊສ
ຕາມແຜນນນ. ້ ໍາລ ັບເຫດການທີ່ມີການວາງແຜນການລະອຽດລວ
່ ງໜາ້ ແລວ
້ . ເຊັ່ ນ:
1. Next week, I’m visiting my grandparents in Vangvieng.
2. We are driving our own car to Vangvieng.
ປະໂຫຍກທີ 1: ໝາຍຄວາມວາ່ ອາທິດໜາ້ ຂອ
້ ຍຈະໄປຢາມພໍ່ ຕູແ
້ ມຕູ
່ ຂ
້ ອ
້ ຍຢູວ
່ ັງວຽງ
ປະໂຫຍກທີ 2: ໝາຍຄວາມວາ່ ຂອ
້ ຍຈະຂ ັບລ ົດເກງຂອງຂອ
້ ຍເອງໄປວ ັງວຽງ.
ທັງສອງປະໂ
ໂຫຍກແ
ແມນ
່ ມີການວາງແຜນແ
ແລ້ວ.
Exercise
Put the correct verb form to complete the following sentences.
1. Vientiane ………..(has/is having) many old temples.
2. Next year, I…………(visit/am visiting) Paris, the capital of France.
3. I…………….(study/am studying) English at the National University of
Laos next year.
4. He……………(drives/is driving) his car to school every day.
18
8. Read and answer
Road construction
The road construction is very expensive and harmful to the
environment. When the road construction is planned, road engineers are
working on the design. After having finished the design work, the engineers
are calculating the cost of the construction. They are setting time, budget, and
bidding processes. The engineering work of the construction is made very
carefully and gives all details in order to give bidders as much information and
data as possible before the bidding is made. A project manager is advertising
ດິ
ະສ
on social media about the road construction to invite bidders. The bidding
forms are being distributed to companies willing to participate in the bidding
process.
ລຂິ
The winning company is signing a contract with the project manager
immediately after the bidding process is finished. The winning company is
ວນ
carrying out the work under the contract conditions. The site engineers,
workers and all heavy machines, e.g., dump trucks, graders, bulldozers,
tankers, and backhoes, are being sent to the site. When the heavy machines
ຫງ
start to work they destroy the natural environment. They are clearing the road
tracks by cutting down big trees, digging or filling up land, cutting slopes,
building bridges or culverts across rivers or streams. Sometimes the tracks cut
ສະ
through rice fields and residential areas. The road construction to provide a
road link for transportation could support economic growth; however, the
trade-off between the losses and the gains before making decisions should
have been made carefully during the design work.
ສ
Questions:
ວ.
1. What is very harmful to the environment?

……………………………………………………………………………
ສ.
2. Who are working on the design work?

……………………………………………………………………………
3. What are the engineers doing after the design work?
……………………………………………………………………………
4. What does a project manager do to invite bidders?
……………………………………………………………………………
5. How does the company work?
……………………………………………………………………………
19
6. How do they clear the road tracks?
……………………………………………………………………………
7. Why is the road construction needed?
……………………………………………………………………………
4. What should engineers do during a design work?
………………………………………………………………………………
9. Listen and complete:

Woman drivers
On the transition from the twentieth to the twenty first century the
number of (1)………………..has increased rapidly in the Lao PDR. Since the
government has opened the country to foreign investors, many different types
of businesses have been established in Laos. During this time, the opportunity
for women to enter the labour (2)……….…. and get good (3)..……… is wide.
Women can work in many different (4)…………… and different
(5)…………… or even becoming chief (6)……………… officers in many
companies. To cope with the new economic situation, women need to
(7)……………. their culture and adjust their life (8)…………... In Vientiane
Capital, women drivers can be seen everywhere. They drive their cars to send
their children to schools, their work places, market places, visit friends, and
social events. Woman drivers are very (9)……………... They follow traffic
(10)…………….. strictly and keep the speed limit to avoid accidents. They
sometimes stop their cars to allow old people or children to cross the roads
safely. This practice of woman drivers can help reduce the number of
accidents in Vientiane Capital to a certain level.
10. Write
Rewrite one paragraph about a road accident you have seen. (100 words).
You can start like this:
While I was riding my motorbike to school yesterday, I saw an
accident at the traffic lights near the Morning Market.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
20
Lesson 2 Traffic signs
In this lesson students will learn about traffic signs and rules.
1. Vocabulary
Read and remember the meanings of these words.
acceleration ການເລັ່ ງຄ ັນເລັ່ງລ ົດ paralyzed ອ ໍາມະພາດ

confiscate ຍຶດເອົ າ pedestrian ຄ ົນຍາ່ ງ
control ຄວບຄຸມ priority ບຸລິມະສິດ
even date ວ ັນທີຄ ູ່ prudent ລະມດລະວ
ັ ັງ
ດິ
ະສ
odd date ວ ັນທີຄີກ railroad ທາງລ ົດໄຟ
health ສຸຂະພາບ severity ຮາ້ ຍແຮງ
healthy ສຸຂະພາບດີ sign ປ້າຍ
intersection
killed ລຂິ
ທາງສີ່ ແຍກ
ຖືກເສຍຊີວດ
ິ
strictly
sufficient
້ ງວດ
ເຂັມ
ພຽງພໍ
ວນ
motorist ຄ ົນຂີ່/ຂ ັບລ ົດ zebra crossing ທາງມາລາຍ
້

ຫງ
ສະ

ສ
Miss Champa: Hi, Kham. I’m having a driving test tomorrow.

ວ.
Mr. Kham: Really? Have you learnt all traffic signs and rules?
Miss Champa: Yes, of course.
ສ.
Mr. Kham: Could you tell me what these signs mean?
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
21
Miss Champa: The first one means Stop and Give way. The Second means
do not speed over 50 km/h. The third means do not enter.
The fourth means do not park or stop your car. The fifth
means there is a railroad crossing ahead that you need to give
attention. The last one means wear a seat belt during
travelling by car.
Mr. Kham: I think you know all the traffic signs. What about traffic rules
have you read them?
Miss Champa: Yes, I have.
Mr. Kham: I think you are ready for your driving test. Good luck.
Miss Champa: Thank you.
4. Read and say

Take turns to read and say the following sentences.
1. When the traffic light is yellow, motorists prepare to stop or to go.
2. When the traffic light is green, all cars can go.
3. When the traffic light is red, all cars must stop.
4. At the round- about, the car in the round- about has a priority to go first.
5. Near the hospital, motorists shouldn’t sound the horn.
6. Motorists should slow down their cars while passing market places,
villages, schools, and other public gatherings.
7. Motorists should slow down their cars when seeing zebra crossings.
8. Do not stop your cars on the zebra crossings.
9. Give a signal light before changing the lane or turning.
10. Do not turn on headlight high beam while driving in cities at night.
5. Look and match

Look at the following signs and match them with the number of suitable
sentences.
a b c d e f g h
22
____1. Do not park on odd dates ____5. Do not push the horn
____2. Do not turn left ____6. Do not overtake
____3. Do not enter ____7. Do not park on the even dates
____4. Do not turn right ____8. Round-about
6. Grammar note
Should and shouldn’t are used to give advice. ຄ ໍາວາ່ Should ແລະ shouldn’t
ແມນໃຊ
່ ສ້ ໍາລ ັບຄ ໍາແນະນ ໍາໃນການກະທ ໍາອ ັນໃດອ ັນໜຶ່ງ ແລະ ັ ້ ເປັນສິ່ ງຈາເປັ
ສິ່ ງນນກໍ ໍ ນທີ່ ຈະຕອ
້ ງ
ດິ
ະສ
ເຮັດ ຫຼື ປະຕິບ ັດຕາມເຊັ່ ນ:
A. 1. You should stop your car when the traffic light is red.
2. You should give a signal light before turning your car.
ເຮົາຈະເຫັນໄດວ ້ ວ
້ າ່ ສອງປະໂຫຍກນີລ ້ ນແຕແ
່ ມນສິ່
່ ງຈາເປັ ້ ງປະຕິບ ັດຕາມເພື່ອຄວາມ
ໍ ນທີ່ ຈະຕອ
ປອດໄພໃນການຂ ັບລ ົດ.
ລຂິ
ວນ
B. 1. You shouldn’t drive your car over the speed limit.
2. You shouldn’t go when the traffic light is red.
້ ມນສິ່
ເຮົາຈະເຫັນວາ່ ສອງປະໂຫຍກນີແ ່ ງທີ່ ບໍ່ ຄວນປະຕິບ ັດເພື່ອຄວາມປອດໄພໃນ.
ຫງ
Exercise: Choose correct words to finish these sentences.

ສະ
1. Motorists……………(should/shouldn’t) turn their cars without giving a

signal light.
2. In Vientiane, motorists ……………(should/shouldn’t) drive their cars
ສ
within the speed limit.

ວ.
3. In Laos, drivers …………(should/shouldn’t) use their mobile phones while

driving.
4. Drivers …………(should/shouldn’t) sound the horn near the hospital.
ສ.
7. Read and answer

Read the text below and answer the questions.
A prudent driver
Kham always drives his car carefully and follows all traffic rules.
Kham has been driving a car since he was in year 5 of Vientiane high school
in 2000. After his father bought him a car, he learnt to drive in a driving
23
school. He paid high attention to every lesson he learnt because he thought all
of them were very important. After having a driving license, he began to drive
his car to school. Before driving the car, he always checks the oil, water and
brakes. After checking all those things, he starts the engine to warm up.
While warming up the engine, he cleans inside the cabin of his car.
Kham is the best driver in his family and all his family members have
confidence in him. He drives his car smoothly and runs within the speed limit.
He always gives a signal light before turning his car. He drives prudently
along the roads, both in downtown and countryside. When he drives past
markets, schools and people gatherings, he slows down the speed and
carefully drives on.
When he sees traffic lights, he strictly follows the lights. When the
yellow light is on, he prepares to stop or to move on. When the red light is on,
he stops his car every time. When the green light is on, he moves on. When
traffic police want to check documents, he always cooperates with them. He
talks to them politely and shows them all documents. Since Kham has been
driving the car, he has never had accidents. He always checks his car before
driving so his car never breaks down on the way to destinations. Kham also
exchanges his driving experience with his family members and they always
have confidence in his driving.
Questions:
1. What does Kham do before driving his car?
…………………………………………………………………………
2. When does Kham clean his car?
…………………………………………………………………………
3. How does Kham drive his car?
…………………………………………………………………………
4. What does Kham do when he sees schools and markets?
…………………………………………………………………………
5. What does Kham do when he sees traffic lights?
…………………………………………………………………………
6. What does Kham do when traffic police want to check documents?
…………………………………………………………………………
7. Does Kham have any accidents?
24
…………………………………………………………………………
8. Who does Kham exchange his driving experience with?
…………………………………………………………………………
signal, rights, pavements, row, happen,
behind, prudently, control, respect, pedestrians
Driving in Vientiane Capital

During the rush hours in Vientiane
ດິ
ະສ
Capital, many accidents (1)……….. To avoid
such incidents, the traffic police have
announced to the public to follow traffic rules
strictly. Drivers should pay attention to the
ລຂິ traffic rules and speed limit. They shouldn’t

change lanes without giving a (2)………..
ວນ
Moreover, they should respect others’ (3) ……… and they shouldn’t zigzag in
crowded streets. Drivers should stop their cars while (4) …………… are
ຫງ
walking across the roads on zebra crossings. Students who are walking to
schools shouldn’t walk on the streets, they should walk on (5) ………….
Students who are riding bicycles to schools shouldn’t ride in a (6) ……. of
ສະ
two or more bicycles. They should ride (7) …….. one another as well as those
who are riding motorbikes. Government officials who drive ministry cars to
work should drive (8) ………… to be good models for the public. Now, in
ສ
Vientiane Capital the traffic is very crowded. Every morning and evening,
traffic police have to (9)……….. the traffic at almost every intersection.
ວ.
Although the traffic police pay high attention to the traffic control still there
many accidents around the outskirts of Vientiane Capital. In summary, road
ສ.
accidents in Vientiane Capital will be increased unless all motorists (10)

…………… the traffic rules and speed limit strictly.
9. Write
Write one paragraph about the traffic in a place/place you know. (100 words)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
25
Lesson 3 Traffic rules
In this lesson students will learn about the traffic rules that they have to follow while
they are driving.
1. Vocabulary
Read and remember the meanings of these words.
similar ຄາ້ ຍຄືກ ັນ audible ທີ່ ສາມາດໄດຍ
້ ນ
ິ ສຽງ
assistance ່ ຍເຫຼືອ
ການຊວ vibratory ທີ່ ສ່ນ
ັ ສະເທືອນ
expert ຊຽ່ ວຊານ roadside ຂາ້ ງທາງ
high standard ມາດຕະຖານສູງ rubbish ຂີເ້ ຫຍືອ

້
design ອອກແບບ bin ກະຕາ່ ຂີເ້ ຫຍືອ

້
tone bands ເສັ ້ນສຽງນອ

້ ຍໆ genuine ທີ່ ແທຈ
້ ງິ
alternative ທາ່ ງເລືອກ raised ribs ຄ ັນຄູນອ
້ ຍຕາມໜາ້ ທາງ
instill ປູກຝ ັງແນວຄິດ ້ ັບຂີ່ທີ່ ໄດມ
qualified driver ຜູຂ ້ າດຖານ
permission ອະນຸຍາດ motorway ຖະໜົນທີ່ ໃຊຄ
້ ວາມໄວສູງ
rumble strip ແຖບສຽງທີ່ ເປັນສຽງຄາງ/ຮາໍ


Jone: What are the traffic rules like in Laos?
Khammone: The traffic rules in Laos are similar to those in France.
Jone: Oh, really. Why they are similar to those in France?
Khammone: Because they were written with the assistance of French
experts.
Jone: How can I drive in Laos?
Khammone: Well, you should always drive on the right side of streets.
26
Jone: What about bicycles?
Khammone: In Laos, bicycles can use same lanes with cars, but cyclists
have to ride close to pavements. They shouldn’t ride in a large
group which makes roads become narrow.
Jone: What are the street signs in Laos look like?
Khammone: The street signs in Laos are all the same as in other countries.
Jone: Oh, I see. Now I can drive car in Laos. Thank you very much.
Khammone: Thank you.
ດິ
ະສ
4. Grammar note
When ແມນ່ subordinate conjunction ໃຊສ້ ໍາລ ັບເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ ປະໂຫຍກນອ້ ຍ clause ເຂົ້າກ ັນໃຫ້
ລຂິ
ເປັນ complex sentence. ແຕວ່ າ່ ສອງປະໂຫຍກນນມີ
clause ແລະ ປະໂຫຍກໜຶ່ ງແມນປະໂຫຍກຂຶ
່
ັ້ ປະໂຫຍກໜຶ່ ງເປັນເອກະລາດ Independent
້ ກ ັບ dependent clause
ນ
ວນ
ຊຶ່ ງສາມາດໃຊໄ້ ດດ ່ ັ ນີ:້
້ ງ
ໃຊອ ້ ເມື່ ອເວລາ ສິ່ ງໜຶ່ ງອີກກາລ
້ ະທິບາຍສິ່ ງໃດສິ່ ງໜຶ່ ງທີ່ ເກີດຂຶນ ໍ ັງດ ໍາເນີນຢູ່ ແລະ ທ ັງສອງສິ່ງນນເກີ
ັ້ ດ
ຫງ
້ ໃນເວລາດຽວກ ັນ ເຊັ່ ນຕ
ຂຶນ ່ ັ ລຸມ
ຕ ົວຢາ່ ງດງ ່ ນີ:້
dependent clause independent clause
ສະ
When you are riding a motorbike, you should respect the traffic rules strictly.
້ ຍທີ່ ເວົ້າເຖິງສອງເຫດການທີ່ ເກີດຂຶນ
ໃຊເ້ ຊື່ ອມປະໂຫຍກນອ ້ ໃນຈຸດ, ເຫດການ, ແລະ ສະພາບການ ໃນ
ການເຄື່ ອນໄຫວດຽວກ ັນ.
ສ

ວ.
When I met her, I was about to go home from the market.

້ ຍ ທີ່ ເວົ້າເຖິງສອງເຫດການ ຫຼື ເງື່ ອນໄຂທີ່ ເກີດຂຶນ
ໃຊເ້ ຊື່ ອມປະໂຫຍກນອ ້ ຫຼື ຈະເກີດຂຶນ
້ ໃນປະໂຫຍກ
ສ.
ເອກະລາດ independent clause.

When he gave his wife a present, she gave him a genuine sweet smile of thanks.
independent clause dependent clause
I’ll start to think about it when I have to write my report.
27
Exercise
Use when to join the following sentences.
1. I arrived at school. I saw a girl sitting in a classroom.
………………………………………………………………………………
2. I saw an accident. I walked out of the school.
………………………………………………………………………………
3. I said thank you very much. He gave me a birthday present.
………………………………………………………………………………
4. I’ll ask you. I have a problem.
………………………………………………………………………………
5. I do it right. I do something.
………………………………………………………………………………
6. I was young. I listened to the radio waiting for my favorite songs.
………………………………………………………………………………
7. I was watching a television. Someone knocked at the door.
………………………………………………………………………………
8. I always stop my car. The red light is on.
………………………………………………………………………………
9. I saw an accident. I stopped my car.
………………………………………………………………………………
10. I ask someone to pick up and put the rubbish into the bin. I see someone
just drop them anywhere.
………………………………………………………………………………

Listen to the teacher and choose the words in the box to complete the text
below.
properly, lessons, drunk, drivers, strictly,

follow, traffic, period, permissions, behavior
Qualified drivers
Safety can be improved by methods that encourage safe (1) behavior of

drivers. All drivers should have been trained (2)......................... to become
28
qualified drivers. In many countries, drivers must have driving
(3).................... When they pass a driving test they will receive their
(4)....................... of driving for one year. After that, they could have their full
licenses if they have no accidents during the (5)..........................of permission
of driving. Using this method, drivers will get used to safe behavior and
complying with (6).................... rules. These will become the values instilling
in drivers themselves. They will never drive while (7)...................., and
restrict themselves on mobile phone use while on the move. The
(8)........................... who have been trained, and passed the period of
ດິ
ະສ
permission of driving will automatically(9)........................ traffic laws. They
will realize that red-light running is a violent. Moreover, they will follow road
signs (10).................... and good behavior while driving. In brief, qualified
ລຂິ
drivers can be trained in driving schools that can include the above methods in
ວນ
their training lists.
6. Read and answer

ຫງ
Read the text below and answer the questions.

ສະ
Roads for safety driving

In most developed countries, road designs are very important for safety
driving. Well-designed roads can help save drivers lives. However, the
ສ
construction costs of high standard roads are so expensive that many countries
ວ.
could not afford them. The high standard roads have "tone bands" impressed
on the edges of the legal lanes, so that drowsing drivers are awakened by a
ສ.
loud hum while they are drifting off the edge of the roads. Tone bands are
also referred to as "rumble strips," depending on the sound they created. An
alternative method is the use of "Raised Rib" markings, which consists of a
continuous line marking with ribs across the line at regular intervals. They
were first authorized for use on freeways or motorways as an edge line
marking to separate the edge of main lanes. The objective of the marking is to
make the roadsides be seen clearly by motorists in both day and night times.
29
It also provides an audible, vibratory warning to motorists that their cars are
swerving off the roads. When these standards are used in building roads, they
can help reduce accidents on motorways. Truck drivers have confidence in
using the motorways with these standards.
Questions:
1. What are important for safe driving?
…………………………………………………………………………
2. What can help to save drivers’ lives?
…………………………………………………………………………
3. Why don’t many countries build high standard roads?
…………………………………………………………………………
4. What do high standard roads have?
…………………………………………………………………………
5. Where are the “tone bands” placed?
…………………………………………………………………………
6. What makes drivers awaken when their cars swerving off the roads?
…………………………………………………………………………
7. What are differences between “tone bands” and “raised ribs”?
…………………………………………………………………………
8. Where was the method first authorized for use?
…………………………………………………………………………
7. Write
Write a paragraph about the roads in your town (100 words). You can start
like this:
In the town where my family live has a number of roads and traffic
lights………………………………………………………..………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
30
Lesson 1 Holidays in Laos
In this lesson students learn about the holidays in Laos and the use of future “will”.
1. Vocabulary
Read and remember the meaning of the following words.
riverside ແຄມນາໍ ້ diving ດ ໍານາໍ ້
ດິ
ະສ
sunbathing ຕາກແດດ canoeing ພາຍເຮືອຄະນູ
camping ການພັກແຮມຢູ່ໃນປ່າ trekking ຍາ່ ງເດີນທາງໄລຍະໄກ
cave exploring ສ ໍາຫລວດຖາໍ ້ art galleries ຫອ

້ ງສະແດງສີນລະປະ
ລຂິ
ວນ
ຫງ
3. Look and write

ສະ
Look at these important days in Laos and write what they are both in Lao and
English.
Example:
ສ
ວ.
January
ປີ ໃຫມ
່ ສາກ ົນ
ສ.
1
International New Year’s Day
May
1 …………………………………………
…………………………………………
31
April
15 …………………………………………
…………………………………………
December
2 …………………………………………
…………………………………………
- Do you go to school on these days? Write more holidays that you know:
………………………………………………………………...………...
…………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………..

Listen and repeat after the teacher then practise the conversation in pairs.
Tomorrow is a holiday. Thongdy, Maly and Khamta are talking about it (they
haven’t decided where to go for their holiday).
Thongdy: We won’t have a class tomorrow. Where shall we go for our
holiday?
Khamta: Well, we’ll probably go to Maly’s house. Her garden gate’s
broken. We’ll help her to fix it.
Thongdy: That’s a good idea. Maly, will you please offer us a papaya salad,
chicken barbecue and bamboo soup?
Maly: Sure. I promise I’ll do the cooking myself.
Khamta: Thongdy, what time shall we meet at Maly’s house?
Thongdy: How about at 9:00 am?
Khamta: Maly, Is that a convenient time for you?
Maly: It’s just the right time for me.By that time I’ll be back from
shopping.
Thongdy: Great. See you all tomorrow at 9:00 am.
Maly: Ok, see you then.
32
5. Grammar note
We use will (’ll) when we decide to do something at the time of speaking

(the speaker has not decided before). We are not talking about
arrangements or intentions.
Example:
I’m going to visit my friend this weekend. (ຜູເ້ ວົ້າມີແຜນການໄວກ
້ ອ
່ ນແລວ
້ )
Tha : I have got a headache.
Chanh: Have you? Wait here. I’ll get an aspirin for you.
(ຜູເ້ ວົ້າຕ ັດສີນໃຈກ ັບທີ )
ດິ
ະສ
The negative of will is won’t (or will not)
We often use will in these situation:
y Promise:
Panda:
ລຂິ Mum, if I get 10 on my maths test, will you take
ວນ
me out for ice-cream?
Mum: Yes, I’ll take you out for ice-cream. I promise.
y Offers to help:
ຫງ
Sonevilay: I lost my ring.

Phong: No problem. I’ll help you find it.
ສະ
x Request for help:

Vongphet: I need to change the oil in my car. Will you help me?
Khan: Of course, I’ll help you.
x Predictions about the future:
ສ
Tan: Some statistics predict that there will be around

ວ.
10 billion people in the world by 2050.

Vern: I think they are right. There won’t be enough food
ສ.
for everyone.
x Refusal of things
Vanh: I can’t open this bottle of beer.
Da: Yeah. The cork won’t come out.
Do not use “shall” with he/she/it/you/they. The negative of shall is
shan’t (or shall not).
Note that we use shall (not will) in the questions shall I…? and shall
33
we…? (For offers, suggestions etc)
- Where shall we go for our holidays?
We often use will with these words and expressions: probably, (I’m)
sure, (I) expect,(I) think.
6. Rearrange
Rearrange the words to make the correct response to each question.
Example: What will you do on the New Year’s Day?
a/will/go/in /my/countryside/with/I/on/ picnic/the/family
I will go on a picnic with my family in the countryside.
1. What will you do on Pimai Lao?
a/will/ceremony/have/I/baci
…………………………………………………………………
2. What will you do on Labour’s Day?
built/new/my/will/help/father/I/to/fence/a
…………………………………………………………………
3. What will you do on Women’s Day?
classmates/with/a/I/have/my/party/will/small
…………………………………………………………………
4. What will you do on Teachers’ Day?
some/my/I/flowers/give/teachers/will
……………………………………………………….…………
5. What will you do on Lao National Day?
plant/my/home/I/mother/flowers/and/will/help/stay/to
…………………………………………………………………
7. Read and write

Read the information about holidays.
Holidays
y The period when children are not at school is called the holidays or the
vacation.
y A day when people don’t work is a national holiday or public holiday.
34
y Festivals are special occasions which people celebrate by taking part in
traditional activities.
Holiday activities
lakes and rivers sunbathing, swimming, diving, fishing, canoeing, …
mountains walking, climbing, trekking, camping, cave exploring, …
towns and cities sightseeing, visiting temples, museums, art galleries, …
ດິ
ະສ
Imagine that you will go on a holiday. Use the information above and the
questions below to help you decide what to write.
ລຂິ Where
will you
Who
will
ວນ
go? you go
with?
How will
What will
you get
ຫງ
you do on
there?
your school
holidays?
ສະ
What holiday
activities will you
do?
…………………………………………………..
ສ
…………………………………………………..
ວ.
…………………………………………………..
………………………………………………….. Where will
………………………………………………….. you stay?
ສ.
…………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………..
………………………………………………….. How long will
………………………………………………….. you stay there?
……..……………………………………………
35
Lesson 2 Holiday plans
In this lesson students learn to talk about their holiday plans.
1. Vocabulary
disappointed ຜິດຫວ ັງ spend ໃຊຈ

້ າ່ ຍ,ໃຊເ້ ວລາ
planning to ວາງແຜນຈະ competition ການແຂງ່ ຂ ັນ
hoping to ຫວ ັງວາ່ ຈະ looking forward to ຄອງຄອຍຖາ້


Keo: Have you got any plans for the school holidays?
Vieng: Well, I’ve got a few plans. I’m
going to help my uncle in his shop,
because my aunt is having a baby in
a few weeks.
Keo: What will you do then?
Vieng: I’m going to visit some relatives out
of town. Actually, I’m looking
forward to relaxing a bit. What about you? What are you doing
during your holidays?
Keo: I’m planning to stay with my grandparents in Sam Neua. I haven’t
been there since I was in primary school. They need some help
around the house.
Vieng: How long will you stay there?
Keo : My brother and I are going there for two months.
Vieng: It’s a pity! I thought we could see each other over the holiday and
have some fun together.
36
Keo: That would be great. Not too worry. We can get together after the
school break. Anyway, I’m not leaving for Sam Neua until next
week. Why don’t you come over to my house on Saturday? I’ve just
got some new pop music cassettes.
Vieng: OK, I’d love to.
4. Read and answer

Take turns to read and answer these questions.
1. Has Vieng a plan for school holiday?
………………………………………………………………...……
ດິ
ະສ
2. What is she going to do?
………………………………………………………………………
3. What is Keo planing to do?
………………………………………………………………………
ລຂິ
4. How long is she going to stay in Sam Neua?
ວນ
………………………………………………………………………
5. When is she going to leave Sam Neua?
………………………………………………………………………
ຫງ
5. Grammar note
ສະ
The present continuous with a future meaning: when you are talking about
what you have already arranged to do, use the present continuous.
Example: A: Are you planning to go anywhere during your holidays?
ສ
B: I’m planning to visit my grandparents in Sam Neua.

ວ.
I’m going to……………………..( + verb ) ຂອ

້ ຍຈະ …………..
I’m hoping to……………….…...( + verb ) ຂອ
້ ຍຫວ ັງວາ່ ຈະ …………
ສ.
I’m planning to ………………....( + verb ) ຂອ

້ ຍວາງແຜນຈະ ............
I’m looking forward to………….. ຂອ
້ ຍຄອງຄອຍຖາ້ …………………
Looking forward to can be used with a noun, or with a verb-ing.
I’m looking forward to the holidays.
I’m looking forward to seeing my grandparents.
37
● Do not use will to talk about what you have arranged to do:
What are you doing this evening? ( not what will you do )
Mina is getting married next month. (not Mina will get married…….).
6. Complete
Complete these sentences by choosing suitable words in the box.
are/looking to help going to

planning/during is hoping forward to
1. Over the school holidays, Vieng is …………… ……………. help her

mother in her shop.
2. Vieng……………. ……………. to visit some relatives during the school
break.
3. Vieng is looking………..….. …………….. relaxing on the holidays.
4. Keo is ……………. to visit her grandparents in Sam Neua …………….
the holidays.
5. Keo is planning …………... ……………. her grandparents around the
house.
6. Vieng and Keo ……………. both ……………. forward to the school
holidays.
7. Read and write

Read and make the questions to ask your friends.
A. A friend of yours is planning to go on holiday soon. You ask him about his
plans. Use the words in brackets to make your questions.
Example:
( where / go ) Where are you going?
1. ( how long / stay ? )
……………………………………………………………………....
2. ( when / leave ? )
………………………………………………………………….…...
38
3. ( go / alone ? )
…………………………………………………………………....….
4. ( go / by car ? )
..………………………………………………………………….….
5. ( where / stay )
…………………………………………………………………...….
B. Kham is going on holidays. You have to write sentences about her holiday
plans. Use the words in brackets to write your sentences.
ດິ
ະສ
Example : ( go / Pakse ) She is going to Pakse.
1. ( leave / next Friday )
………………………………………………………………………
ລຂິ
2. ( stay / in Pakse for two days )
ວນ
……………………………………………………………………....
3. ( go / with a friend of hers )
……………………………………………………………………….
ຫງ
4. ( stay / in a guesthouse )
………………………………………………………………………
ສະ
5. ( go / by bus )
………………………………………………………………………
ສ
8. Answer the questions

ວ.
Answer these questions about yourself.

ສ.
1. Are you planning to go anywhere during your holidays?

…………………………………………………………………..…..
2. How are you going to spend your school holidays?
………………………………………………………………...…….
3. When are you going to take your school holidays?
……………………………………………………………………....
39
4. How long are you going to stay on holidays?
…………………………………………………………………..…..
5. What are you going to do?
……………………………………………………………………....
6. Are you doing anything special over the holidays?
……………………………………………………………………….
9. Ask and answer

Take turns to ask and answer the questions from exercise 10 about holiday
plans.
For example:
A: Are you planning to go anywhere during your holidays?
B: No, I’m staying at home. How about you?
A: Are you going to do anything special over the holidays?

B: Yes, I am. I’m hoping to compete in the girls’ basketball competition.
10. Write
Write paragraphs about your holiday plans. Say where you are planning to go,
and some things you are planning to do. Use going to, hoping to, planning to
and looking forward to.
……………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………………………..…
……………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………………………..…
40
Lesson 3 At the roadside restaurant
In this lesson students learn to talk about food, drink and the services at a roadside
restaurant; how to form contractions.
1. Vocabulary
grilled fish ປີ້ ງປາ bamboo soup ແກງໜໍ່ ໄມ ້
rice cooked in bamboo ັ ້ ້າຫຼາມ

ບງເຂົ pickled vegetables ົ້ ັກ
ສມຜ
green salad ຍ ໍາສະລ ັດ white rice ເຂົ້າຈາ້ ວ
ດິ
ະສ
dried beef ້ ງ ົວແຫງ້
ຊີນ pork sausages ໄສກ
້ ອກໜູ

ລຂິ
ວນ
ຫງ
Linda is working in Vientiane as a teacher. She’s with some friends and
ສະ
students on the way to Vangvieng for a short holiday. It’s lunch time and
everyone is very hungry, so they stop at a restaurant.
ສ
Linda: Oh look! This restaurant’s got a menu in English.

Joe : That’s good for us. Let’s order some drinks. I’m really thirsty.
ວ.
Linda: OK. Let me see that menu. What would you like to drink?
Joe: I like cold Pepsi.
ສ.
Linda: How about food? What would you like to order for lunch?
Joe: Well, I’ll order grilled fish.
Linda: Do you like papaya salad?
Joe: Yes, I like papaya salad, too. You could have papaya salad with sticky
rice and bamboo soup.
Linda: Oh, yes, I love bamboo soup. They also have papaya salad with
barbecued chicken, dried beef and some drinks.
41
Joe: Well, Barbecued chicken and dried beef sounds good. Let’s have
papaya salad with barbecued chicken and sticky rice.
Tess: OK! Give our order to the attendant.
4. Look and say

Look at the menu and take turns to ask and answer as the example below.
Nam Ngeum Restaurant
Soup
bamboo soup chicken soup Fish soup Noodle soup

Price: 10 000 kip Price: 20 000 kip Price: 20 000 kip Price: 15 000 kip
Meat and fish (all served with rice)
barbecued chicken pork sausages grill fish dried beef

Salad and vegetables
Papaya salad Green salad Mixed vegetables Pickled vegetables

42
Dessert
Lao desserts Rice cooked in fruit salad sticky rice with

Price: 5 000 kip bamboo Price: 15 000 kip coconut milk and
Price: 10 000 kip mango
Price: 10 000 kip
Drinks
ດິ
ະສ
mango juice orange juice coffee Pepsi
Price: 12 000 kip
ລຂິ
Price: 15 000 kip Price: 10 000 kip Price: 5 000 kip
ວນ
Example:
ຫງ
Waiter: May I take your order?

John : Yes. I'd like chicken and papaya salad, please.
ສະ
Nancy : I'll take noodle soup.

Waiter : And what would you like to drink?
John : I'd like a cup of coffee, please.
ສ
Nancy : Just water, please.

ວ.
Waiter : Would you like something for dessert?

John : Yes, I'll have mixed fruit, please.
ສ.
Nancy : No thanks. How much does it

cost?
Waiter : It’s 60.000kip. Would you like
anything else?
John : No, thanks.
43
5. Grammar note
ໃຫສ ້ ໍາກິລິຍາເຂົ້າກ ັບຄ ໍາແທນນາມຈະນ ໍາໃຊໃ້ ນ

້ ັງເກດ: ຮູບແບບການຫຍໍຄ
ການຂຽນຈ ົດໜາຍເຖິງໝຸສ ່ ັ ຄ ໍາເຊັ່ ນ: I am/You are/he is/she has
່ ະນິດດງ
Full form Short form
I am I’m
he is/ he has he’s
she is/ she has she’s
it is/ it has it’s
there is there’s
we are we’re
you are you’re
they are they’re
I have I’ve
you have you’ve
they have they’ve
we have we’ve
Full form Short form
I had, I would I’d
you had, you would you’d
they had, they would they’d
we had, we would we’d
he had, he would he’d
she had, she would she’d
it had, it would it’d
I will, I shall I’ll
you will you’ll
we will, we shall we’ll
it will it’ll
44
Exercise
Put the full forms of the verbs to complete the following sentences. The first
one has been done for you.
1. She’s with some friends and students on the way to Vang Vieng for a
holiday.
- She is with some friends and students on the way to Vang Vieng for a
holiday.
2. You’d better start your work tomorrow.
- You………. better start your work tomorrow.
3. I’d like barbecued chicken with sticky rice.
- I……….… like barbecued chicken with sticky rice.
ດິ
ະສ
4. Here’s a menu. What would you like to have?
- Here……….... a menu. What would you like to have?
5. I’m not sure. We’ll order later.
- I……….… not sure. We……….……. order later.
6. You’re welcome.
ລຂິ
- You …………… welcome.
7. This restaurant’s got a menu in English.
ວນ
- This restaurant …………………got a menu in English.
6. Rearrange
ຫງ
Rewrite these words in the correct order. The first one has been done for you.
Example: English / restaurant / This / ’s / got / menu / in / a
- This restaurant’s got a menu in English
ສະ
1. or one bill / Would / like / to / get / separate bill/ you

- ………………………………………………………………………?
2. Your / bill / lunch / is / 45 000 / kip.
- …………………………………………………………………….….
ສ
3. me / makes / sleepy /A/ big/ lunch

ວ.
- ……………………………………………………………………….
4. What / you / like / to / have / breakfast / for / would
- ……………………………………………………………………….?
ສ.
5. English /Do / you / have / menu / in / a

- ………………………………………………………………..………?
7. Write
Write a paragraph about a roadside restaurant in your village. (100 words)
( big, small, convenient, food, clean…………..)
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
45
Lesson 1 Laos
In this lesson students learn about the names and some facts of 17 provinces and one
capital city in Laos.
1. Vocabulary
north ທິດເໜືອ include ປະກອບດວ

້ ຍ
south ທິດໃຕ ້ border ຊາຍແດນ
east ທິດຕາເວັນອອກ hospitable ໂອບອອ

້ ມອາລີ
west ທິດຕາເວັນຕ ົກ landlocked ບໍ່ ມີທາງອອກສູທ
່ ະເລ
surround ອອ
້ ມຮອບ square kilometer (km2) ຕາຕະລາງກິໂລເມັດ
peaceful ສະຫງ ົບສຸກ friendly ເປັນມິດ
Listen and repeat the words in the box after the teacher.
3. Look and say
A. Read the names of the provinces
Xiengkhouang Bolikhamxay Savannakhet

Sekong Houaphan Xayaboury
Luang Prabang Phongsaly Luangnamtha
Bokeo Oudomxay Khammouane
B. Look at the empty map. Write the names of the provinces on the map.
Salavan Champasack Attapeu
Vientiane Capital Vientiane Province Xaysomboun
46
ດິ
ະສ
ລຂິ
ວນ
C. Draw a mind map about the locations of the provinces in Laos.
Phongsaly
ຫງ
ສະ
ສ
ວ.
west Laos
ສ.
centre
47
Listen and repeat after the teacher. Then practise the dialogue in pairs.
Chan is at the conference in Brunei and he meets a new friend, Linda
Linda: Hi, Chan. I’m going to Laos next month for my holiday. I don’t
have much information about it. Where is it exactly?
Chan: Well, Laos is in South-east Asia.
Linda: What countries does Laos share borders with?
Chan: In fact, Laos borders with five countries: China to the north,
Myanmar to the north east, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the
south and Thailand to the west. Will you go to all these countries?
Linda: I don’t think so. I’ll go to Laos first; then I’ll go to Thailand. Is it
convenient to travel from Laos to Thailand?
Chan: Well, There are a lot of border check points in Laos. There are two
border check points in Vientiane Capital-one at Wattay Airport, the
other on Mittaphap Bridge, where you can get a visa.
Linda: Oh! That’s wonderful my dear. Thanks for your information. It’s
really useful.
Chan: You’re welcome Linda.
5. Grammar note
-There is/are and have/has Both of them have the same meaning.
Example: There is a border check point in Khammouane province.
There are two border check points in Savannakhet.
Vientiane has two border check points.
6. Look and answer

Look at the map in exercise 3 and answer the questions.
1. How many provinces are there in the north of Laos? __________
2. How many provinces are in there the centre of Laos? _________
3. How many provinces are in there the west of Laos? __________
4. How many provinces are in there the south of Laos? __________
5. How many provinces are in there the east of Laos? ___________
48
7. Read and answer
Luang Prabang
Luang Prabang is a big province in the north. It shares the border with
Vietnam and there is one border check point. It also has borders with six
provinces. The capital of Luang Prabang province is Luang Prabang city.
Twelve different ethnic groups live in the province, and it has about 360,000
people. There are 12 districts, 796 villages and 63,582 households in the
province.
This city is the old capital of Laos. It is on the Mekong and Khan rivers.
ດິ
ະສ
Many people say it is very beautiful because it has many old and beautiful
temples. Tourists like to visit the temples and the National Museum (old Royal
Place). They also like to travel up river by boat to visit the Buddha caves.
People can go to Luang Prabang by plane, by boat or by car. From
Vientiane, people can travel by car or bus on Road Number 13 North. They
ລຂິ
can also go by boat up the Mekong River or fly from Luang Prabang to
ວນ
Chiengmai in the north of Thailand.
1. Where is Luang Prabang province?

ຫງ
...................................................................................................................
2. What country does Luang Prabang have a border with?
ສະ
...................................................................................................................
3. How many provinces does Luang Prabang have borders with?
...................................................................................................................
ສ
4. How many people live in Luang Prabang?

...................................................................................................................
ວ.
5. How many ethnic groups live there?

...................................................................................................................
ສ.
6. What are two things tourists like to do in Luang Prabang?

…………………………………………………………………………...
8. Ask and answer
One person is student A and the other is student B. Don’t look at your
partner’s chart. Then take turns to ask for information. Write what is missing
in your chart.
49
Example:
A: How many districts are there in Savannakhet province?
B: There are_________
Student A: How many ….…?
Provinces Districts Villages People Households

Savannakhet 703,000
Bokeo 265 21,974
Oudomxay 7 313,380
Student B: How many ….…?
provinces districts villages people Households

Savannakhet 15 1,543 114,400
Bokeo 5 118,200
Oudomxay 475 35,815
Write about a province using the information from your chart.

Example: In Savannakhet, there are 15 districts, 1,543 villages, 700,000
people and 114, 000 households.
In Bokeo _______________________________________
9. Complete
Choose a province and complete the chart below.
Name of province
Where?
How many people?
Districts
Villages
Capital
Tourist attractions
How/travel?
10. Write
Write about the province that you know well as the example in Exercise 7.
………………………………………………………………………………
…….………………………………………………………………………..
50
Lesson 2 Weather
In this lesson students learn about the different seasons.
1. Vocabulary
Read and remember the meanings of these words
rainfall ຝ ົນຕ ົກ scarf ຜາ້ ພັນຄໍ

muggy ້ ນອ ົບເອົ້າ
ຮອ landscape ພູມທ
ີ ດ
ັ
mild ອອ
່ ນເບົາ sandcastle ປາສາດຊາຍ
feature ລ ັກສະນະ, ຮູບແບບ chilly ເຢື ອກເຢັນ
ດິ
ະສ
snowman ຫຸນ
່ ຫິມະ lush ຂຽວສະອຸມ
່
sultry ຮອ
້ ນເຫື່ ອໄຫຼ ໄຄຍອ
້ ຍ significant ສ ໍາຄ ັນ
winter ລະດູໜາວ spring ລະດູໃບໄມປົ່້ ງ
້ ່ນ
autumn
ລຂິ
ລະດູໃບໄມຫຼ ົ summer ລະດູແລງ້
ວນ
ຫງ
Listen and repeat these words in the box after the teacher.
3. Look and Match

ສະ
Look at the words in the box and match to the pictures.
raining windy sunny cloudy

ສ
icy foggy snowing

ວ.
ສ.
It’s ………… It’s …………. It’s . ………… It’s . …………
51
It’s ………… It’s …………. It’s …………
4. Match
Climate charts for Laos
Temperature and rainy days statistics for Vientiane, Laos
Look at the chart and match the sentences in column A with climate charts in
column B.
A B
1. The maximum temperature (xF) in January is August

2. The high statistic of rainy days in Vientiane is in 17
3. The minimum temperature( xC ) of rainy days is 82
4. The average temperature ( xF ) from January to December is 1
5. The small number of rainy days for minimum temperature in 80-81
Vientiane is
52
5. Listen and answer
Listen to the text and answer True or False.
1. Laos is surrounded by 5 countries. ………………
2. It has borders with only Vietnam and Thailand. ……….……..
3. Laos has a single dry season between May and September. ………
4. In the north of Laos, it is cooler during the winter season. ………
ດິ
ະສ
5. The weather seems to be humid during the dry season. …………...
6. Read and complete
ລຂິ
Choose the words from the box to complete the paragraph below.
ວນ
season hot climate
distinct cool colorful
ຫງ
time green rainy

ສະ
Laos generally enjoys a mild tropical (1) ………., but it can get quite
chilly in the cool (2)……….. Temperatures range from 10-40 degrees Celsius
ສ
in the Mekong Valley, and may dip below zero in the mountains and on the
ວ.
XiengKhouang and Bolaven plateaus. There are three (3) ………. seasons: the
(4) ……… season from November to February, the (5)…….…. season from
ສ.
March to May and the (6)……….. season which lasts from June to October.
Most people find the best (7) ……… to visit is from October to February.
However, the low season offers lush (8) ……. landscapes in the rainy season
and the (9)………..Lao New Year festivities in April
53
7. Read and answer
Two distinct seasons

Laos has two distinct seasons - the wet and the dry.
The wet season in Laos runs from around May to October, and as with
many Southeast Asian countries, the wet season is characterized by a
downpour for a few hours each day rather than all-day. During wet season,
the land transportation in Laos can be slow and soggy.
On the upside, boat transport comes into its own during the great wet.
Rivers are high so the slow boats can make better pace. Along the Mekong
River many of the rapids are submerged, helping the slow boats with their
deeper drafts, but if you're considering a speedboat trip, be warned that the
heavy rainfall brings a lot of refuse into the river.
The dry season in Laos has two distinct sub-sections -- first comes the
cool dry season and then comes the hot dry season -- the former is one of the
most popular times to visit Laos. The cool dry season runs from November to
February and the hot dry season from March to April. What makes the hot
season even more unbearable is the smoke factor -- from March to May
farmers set fire to rice stubble and mildly degraded forest to improve soil
fertility in preparation for a new rice crop.
In summary, the dry season runs from November to April. November to

February is cooler while March and April are blisteringly hot. April is the
hottest month.
Wet season runs from May to October, though it may start a little early
in a couple of northern provinces in Laos. August is the wettest month.
54
Answer these questions
1. How many distinct seasons are there in Laos?

……………………………………………………………………….…
2. What is land transportation like during wet season in Laos?
……………………………………………………………………….…
3. What are the two distinct sub sections for dry season in Laos?
………………………………………………………………………….
4. How long does the cool dry season last?
………………………………………………………………………….
5. What is the hottest and wettest month in Laos?
ດິ
ະສ
………………………………………………………………………….
6. What season do you prefer? Why?
………………………………………………………………………….
ລຂິ
ວນ
8. Write
Write about the weather in your province using the information in exercise 6
as a guide.
ຫງ
…………………………………………………………………………………
ສະ
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
ສ
…………………………………………………………………………………
ວ.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
ສ.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
55
Lesson 3 Tourist sites
In this lesson students learn more about tourist sites in Laos.
1. Vocabulary
alternative ທາງເລືອກ artifact ສິ່ ງທີ່ ສາ້ ງຈາລອງ

ໍ
religious ceremony ພິທີທາງສາດສະໜາ sculpture ການແກະສະຫຼ ັກ
destruction ການທ ໍາລາຍ evolved ວິວ ັດທະນາການ
dammed ັ້
ສາ້ ງເຂື່ ອນກນ inspire ກະຕຸນ
້ ໃຈ
chronological ຕາມລ ໍາດ ັບເຫດການ

Listen and repeat the words in the vocabulary box after the teacher.

John spends a holiday in Laos and meets his friend, Thada.
Thida: When did you arrive in Vientiane?

John: Yesterday evening. Anyway, Thida, I would like to have a holiday in
other provinces. Could you tell me where I should visit?
Thida: I think Luang Prabang or Champasack provinces are the best places to
visit in Laos. These provinces are world heritage sites. Luang Prabang
was declared in 1996 and Watphou Champasack, in 2001.
John: How can I get there?
Thida: Champasack is in the south; you can go by bus, van or plane. If
you go Luang Prabang by plane, it’ll take about you one hour. If you
go by bus, it’ll take about 8-10 hours.
John: How long does it take to get to Luang Prabang by bus?
56
Thida: It usually takes about 8 hours, but sometimes it takes longer in the
rainy season.
John: It’s difficult to decide, but I think I’ll go to Luang Prabang this time
and next time I’ll go to Champasack.
4. Match
A. Match the places of tourist sites under the right pictures.
Wat Sisaket Ho Phakeo Museum
ດິ
ະສ
Patuxai ( Victory Gate) Ing Hang Stupa
National Museum Wat Phou
Xiengkhouang Buddha Park Ang Nam Ngum ( Nam Ngum Dam)
ລຂິ
ວນ
ຫງ
ສະ
1. …..………….……. 2. …….....……………. 3. ….…………………

ສ
ວ.
4. ……..……………. 5. …………………...… 6. ……………………

ສ.
7. …..……..……..….… 8. .………….……....…
57
5. Grammar note
First conditionals
The first conditional is used to express a possible situation and its result.
Possible situation result
Example: If you go to Pakse by bus it will take about 12 hours.
If +Present Simple tense + will + verb
Example: If you go to Pakse, you’ll see Wat Phou.( spoken language)
If you go to Pakse, you will see Wat Phou.( written language)
6. Choose
Choose the right word or phrase to write under each picture.
stupa rocket festival trade fair

market boat racing festival Lao New Year
1. ……………………. 2. …………………..… 3. …………………..
4. …………………...… 5. ………….………….. 6. ………………...…
58
7. Listen and answer
Listen to the events that happened in Champasack in the year 2015.
What was in Champasack in the year 2015?

Dates
……………: Weekend trade fair on the Lao-Thai border
February 20-28: ……………………………………..
……………: Pang Stupa festival
……………: Nanging Stupa festival
……………: Lao New Year festival at Pakse
……………: Rocket festival
ດິ
ະສ
June : ………………………. At Laksaoet
October 14 : ……………………… in Pakse
……………: Boat racing festival at Khong Island
8. Complete
ລຂິ
ວນ
Write the important days to complete the sentences below.
8 March ………………………………..……….…...
ຫງ
13-15 April ………………………….…………..…..

1 June ………………………………………….……
7 October ……………………………………………
ສະ
In October ……………………………..…………….
In December…………………………………………
2 December…………………………………...……...
ສ
9. Read and answer

ວ.

ສ.
The rocket festival

Traditionally the rocket festival is held in the sixth Lunar month
(around May or June) and it is believed to bring rains so that rice planting can
begin. Celebrations typically take two to three days and include music and
dance performances, competitive procession of floats, dancers, musicians, and
culminate on the third day with competitive firings of home -made rockets.
Large bamboo rockets are built and decorated by monks and villagers and
59
carried in procession before being blasted skywards to let the rain god
Phayathaen know it is time to send the rains. The higher a rocket goes, the
bigger the praise for its builder. Designers of failed rockets are thrown in the
mud or pond. Many villages get together in an outlying area to fire these huge
rockets into the sky, while those on the ground celebrate by drinking, singing
and dancing. It is a great fun day out for all, although it can get a bit raucous
and unruly at times.
Questions
1. When is the rocket festival held?
………………………………………………………………………
2. Why do people celebrate the rocket festival?
………………………………………………………………………
3. How long do people celebrate the rocket festival?
………………………………………………………………………
4. What do people do with the designers of failed?
………………………………………………………………………
5. Do they enjoy celebrating the rocket festival?
………………………………………………………………………
10. Write ( Brainstorm)
Choose one festival or special day that you know well in Laos.
1. What’s the name of the festival? That Louang festival
2. Where/when is it held? ಹಹಹಹಹಹಹಹಹಹ
3. Who takes part in it? ಹಹಹಹಹಹಹಹಹಹ
4. Why is it held? ಹಹಹಹಹಹಹಹಹಹ
5. What happens at the festival? (preparations, special food, ceremonies)
ಹಹಹಹಹಹಹಹ
6. How do people feel about the festival? ಹಹಹಹಹಹಹಹಹಹ
7. Do people enjoy it? ಹಹಹಹಹಹಹಹಹಹ
Is it celebrated in the same way now as in the past? ಹಹಹಹಹಹಹ
60
Lesson 1 Coffee growing
In this lesson students learn about the process of coffee growing and the use of
passive voice.
1. Vocabulary
bush ພຸມ
່ ໄມ ້ establish ັ ້ າ້ ງຂຶນ
ຈ ັດຕງ/ສ ້
ດິ
ະສ
hoe (v) ເສຍຫຍາ້ cultivate ສ ັບຊາ່ ວ/ກຽມດິນປູກຝ ັງ
export ສ່ ງົ ອອກ income ລາຍຮ ັບ
chemicals ສານເຄມີ fertile ອຸດ ົມສ ົມບູນ
plantation ລຂິ
ການປູກຝ ັງ crops ຜ ົນລະປູກ
ວນ
fertilizer ປຸຍ/ຝຸນ
່ soil ດິນປູກຝ ັງ
destroy ທ ໍາລາຍ plateau ທົ່ ງພຽງ

ຫງ
harvest ເກັບກຽ່ ວ weed (V) ຫຼ ົກຫຍາ້

ສະ

ສ

ວ.
John meets Keo at the coffee shop.

John: This coffee tastes so good. Is this brand made in Laos?
ສ.
Keo: Yes, this is Lao coffee.

John: Oh, that’s Interesting. Where is it planted?
Keo: In Paksong on Bolaven Plateau. The land is highly fertile with a cool
wet climate.
John: That’s why it is suitable for growing coffee.
Keo: Yes.
61
John: How do you know about coffee plantation so well?
Keo: I used to help my family to cultivate land and grow coffee.
Jonh: What a surprise!
4. Read and answer

Growing up on a coffee plantation
I grew up in Paksong, a small town to the east of Pakse city in

Champasak Province. My family still lives there. Paksong is on the Bolaven
Plateau, which is highly fertile with a cool wet climate, suitable for growing
coffee. Most people who live there get their incomes from growing coffee.
I remember when I was young,

I used to work hard. I helped my
family to cultivate land and grow
crops, especially coffee. I still
remember how we established the
coffee plantation.
First we prepared a field for growing seedlings. We cut down small

trees and bushes, but we left the big trees to stop the soil from becoming too
dry. After that, we sowed the seeds in the prepared soil. Next, we prepared the
plantation area. We cleared the land of all trees and bushes. We planted the
seedlings in rows of about two metres apart. We had twenty hectares of coffee
plantation in the mountains. At that time, coffee was grown in the traditional
way. The plants grew without fertilizers or other chemicals. We simply
weeded and hoed the soil.
After seven years, we had our first harvest of coffee beans. About
eighty percent of our income came from coffee production every year after
that.
62
Coffee is a major agricultural export item for Lao PDR, which is one of
the few coffee growing countries in Southeast Asia. Many people in Paksong
are returning to coffee growing.
Questions:
1. Where is Paksong?
………………………………………………………………………
2. How do most people in Paksong make a living?
………………………………………………………………………
3. What kind of weather is the best for growing coffee?
ດິ
ະສ
………………………………………………………………………
4. How long does it take before coffee beans can be harvested?
………………………………………………………………………
5. Is coffee-growing increasing or decreasing in Paksong? Why?
ລຂິ
………………………………………………………………………
ວນ
5. Grammar note
ຫງ
Passive voice
The passive voice is often used in formal writing or speech. We use it
ສະ
when who or what causes the action is unknown or not very important.
What happened or will happen is more important. For example:
(Active): The war destroyed some coffee plants.
ສ
(Passive): Some coffee plants were destroyed (by the war).

The passive is used because what were destroyed is more important than
ວ.
who or what destroyed them.

ສ.
The passive can be used in all tenses.

Present simple: am / is / are + past participle,
e.g. Lao coffee is exported to many countries.
Past simple: was / were + past participle,
e.g. Coffee plants were destroyed by war.
Present perfect: has been / have been + past participle,
e.g. The land has been developed for coffee-growing.
63
6. Rearrange
Rearrange the words to make correct sentences and rewrite them as
passive sentences.
Example:
seedlings / a field / for growing / We / prepare
- We prepare a field for growing seedlings.
- A field is prepared for growing seedlings.
1. from becoming / the taller trees / leave / to stop the soil / too dry/ We
- …………………………………………………………………..…
- ……………………………………………………………………..
2. into / sow / the prepared soil / We / the seeds
- …………………………………………………………………..…
- ……………………………………………………………………..
3. We / all trees / the land / of / and / clear / bushes
- …………………………………………………………………..…
- ……………………………………………………………………..
4. in rows / We / the seedlings / two metres apart / about / plant
- …………………………………………………………………..…
- ……………………………………………………………………..
5. the soil / hoe / weed / We / and
- ……………………………………………………………………….
- ……………………………………………………………………….

Listen and complete the text below.
First, a field……………….. for the seedlings. Small trees and bushes

were cut down, but big trees ……………..…. Then the seeds were sowed in
64
the prepared field. Next, the plantation area ………………….. by clearing the
land. After that, the seedlings were planted in rows. ……………..………..
because at that time, coffee ………………………….by traditional methods.
8. Write
Why do you think more people are growing coffee in Paksong?
Try to think of four or five reasons, and write them in the space below.
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
ດິ
ະສ
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
ລຂິ
……………………………………………………………………………
ວນ
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
ຫງ
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
ສະ
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
ສ
……………………………………………………………………………
ວ.
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
ສ.
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
65
Lesson 2 Farm animals
In this lesson students learn some activities on the farm and the causative passive.
1. Vocabulary
cattle (ຝູງ)ງ ົວ, ຄວາຍ pen ຄອກສ ັດ

straw ເຟືອງ vaccinate ສ ັກຢາປອ
້ ງກ ັນ
fish pond ໜອງປາ raise ລຽ້ ງສ ັດ
graze ເລັ ມຫຍາ້ rice barn ເລົ້າເຂົ້າ
plough ໄຖ (ນາ) vet (veterinarian) ສ ັດຕະວະແພດ
wool ຂ ົນແກະ


Listen to the dialogue and fill in the blanks. Then practise the dialogue in
pairs.
Ms. Naly is a vet. She is visiting Mr. Bounma- a farmer.
Ms. Naly: How long (1)……… …………. been raising cattle?
Mr. Bounma: Since I got married, about eight years ago.
66
Ms. Naly: How many cattle do you have?
Mr. Bounma: Well, I’ve got (2)….…….….buffaloes and (3)……...…..cows.

Ms. Naly: What do you do with (4)……..…… in the wet season?
Mr. Bounma: In the wet (5)……………….. , I keep them in a pen or (6)
…………… my rice barn. I feed them with (7)…………….
and rice straw.
Ms. Naly: What about the (8)……………. season?
Mr. Bounma: In the dry season, I let them (9) …….……… freely. In the
ດິ
ະສ
evening, I put them in a pen.
Ms. Naly: Do you have your (10) ……………… vaccinated?
ລຂິ
Mr. Bounma: Yes, twice a year. A (11)…………..… from the district comes
ວນ
to the village and gives vaccinations.
Ms. Naly: Is it (12)…………………… of charge?

ຫງ
Mr. Bounma: No, but it’s cheap and I don’t (13)…………..….. my animals
to get sick. They are no good to me then!
ສະ
4. Match
Match the verbs with the phrases.
ສ
Example: 1 – b
ວ.
1. build 1 -b a. the cattle

ສ.
2. feed _____ b. a new fence

3. plant _____ c. the rice fields
4. vaccinate _____ d. a fish pond
5. plough _____ e. a new vegetable garden
6. dig _____ f. a new rice barn
7. repair _____ g. chickens in the farm
8. build _____ h. the motorbike
67
5. Read and answer
Read the text and answer the questions
Farm animals
Farm animals in this section, are featuring just some of the animals that
reside on the farm. You can find lots of interesting animal information about
your favourite farm animals. You can discover and learn what life is like on
the farm for sheep, pigs, cows, buffaloes, goats, ducks, chickens and horses.
Farm animals are bred for many purposes. Chickens give us eggs.
Buffaloes, cows and goats provide us with nutritious milk and meat. Different
breeds of sheep produce many kinds of wool fibers which are made into
clothing. Pigs provide us with bacon and pork. Horses are used as working
animals, sports and leisure activities.
However, all these animals are not just there to provide us with
materials, aid and provisions. They also make wonderful pets, which give us
years of pleasure and devotion.
Read the text and answer true or false. If it is false, give the correct
answer.
1. In this text, we are talking about animals living on the farm. ………….
2. Farm animals are raised for many purposes. …….……
3. Goats are farm animals. ……….…
4. We can get wool fibers from horses. ………….
5. Pigs are working animals. ………….
6. Pets give pleasure for human. ………….
68
6. Grammar note
Causative passive
Mr. Bounma is not a vet. He does not vaccinate his animals. He pays a
vet to vaccinate his animals.
have/has object past participle
Mr. Bounma has his animals vaccinated twice a year.
ດິ
ະສ
7. Write
Use going to and causative passive form to write about the things
Mr. Bounna will do and pay other people to do.
Example
ລຂິ
ວນ
- Mr. Bounma is going to build a new fence. (Things he will do)
- He is going to have a new rice barn built. (Things he will pay other
ຫງ
people to do)
Things that Mr. Bounma will do Things that Mr. Bounma will
ສະ
himself pay other people to do

- …
-…build a new fence - build a new rice barn
ສ
-…take some chickens to the market - vaccinate the cattle

-…plant a new vegetable garden
ວ.
- plough the rice fields

…
- repair his motorbike - dig a new fish pond
ສ.
-
- ……………………………………………………………………
- ……………………………………………………………………
- ……………………………………………………………………
- ……………………………………………………………………
- ……………………………………………………………………
69
8. Look and write
Look at the pictures and write sentences about some of the them you are
going to have them done.
Example:
1 I’m going to have my cassette player repaired.
2 ………………………………………..……
3 …………………………………………….
4 ……………………………………………..
5 ……………………………………………..
6 ……………………………………………..
70
Lesson 3 Irrigation
In this lesson students learn to talk about the advantages of irrigation in Laos and
how to use auxiliaries with passive verbs.
1. Vocabulary
advantage ້ ະດວກ/ຜ ົນດີ
ຂໍສ contain ບ ັນຈຸ
brew ົ້ ນ
ຕມ/ກ ່ັ drainage ການລະບາຍນາໍ ້
amount ຈານວນ
ໍ roast ຂາງໄຟ (ອ ົບ)
huge ໃຫຍ/່ ມະຫາສານ moisture ຄວາມຊຸມ

່
ດິ
ະສ
artificial ທຽມ volatile ການລະເຫີຍເປັນອາຍ
convert ປ່ຽນແປງ aroma ກິ່ ນຫອມ
manufacture ການຜະລິດ purchase ຊື້
extraction equipment
ລຂິ ເຄື່ ອງມືສະກ ັດ
ວນ
ຫງ
3. Read and answer

ສະ

Irrigation
All crops need water to
ສ
grow. In many areas natural

ວ.
rainfall does not provide enough

ສ.
water, so irrigation is used to

water the fields artificially. With
irrigation, it is possible to use
much more land to increase the
amount of food that the land can
produce.
71
Irrigation has been used for thousands of years. The Egyptians were
irrigating land around the Nile River seven thousand years ago. The Chinese
has been using irrigation for more than four thousand years. Since 1800 the
amount of irrigated land in the world has increased from about 8 million
hectares to about 222 million hectares. Today, China and India have more land
with irrigation systems than any other countries to feed their huge populations.
Irrigation can also cause problems, however. Rain water does not
contain any salt, but all irrigation water contains some. Over the years, the
amount of salt in the soil slowly increases, and this damages the crops.
Irrigated land needs to have good drainage so that the salt can be washed out
of the soil.
Questions:
1. What do crops need?

…………………………………………………………………………
2. Why is irrigation used to water the fields?

…………………………………………………………………………
3. How is it possible to use much more land?

…………………………………………………………………………
4. How long has the irrigation been used?

…………………………………………………………………………
5. When did the Egyptian use irrigation?

…………………………………………………………………………
6. How much has the amount of irrigated land in the world increased?
…………………………………………………………………………
72
4. Match
Match the words with their definitions.
1. artificial watering of land ____a. crops
2. not natural ____b. increase
3. very big ____c. artificial
4. removing water from the soil ____d. huge
5. become more ____e. irrigation
6. plants grown by farmers ____f. drainage
ດິ
ະສ
5. Complete
Complete these sentences by writing suitable words in the blanks.
produce population salt grow

ago
ລຂິ cause drainage
ວນ
1. Irrigated land can more food.
2. Without water, crops cannot .
ຫງ
3. India and China need to use irrigation because they have very large______.
4. The Chinese started using irrigation over four thousand years .
ສະ
5. Irrigation has many advantages, but it can also problems.

6. Sometimes, irrigated soil contains too much .
7. Irrigated land must have good .
ສ
ວ.
6. Grammar note
ສ.
Modal auxiliaries in Passive forms.

After modal verbs (will, can, must) and some other verbs use be+past
participle.
Subject +modal verbs + be + past participle.
e.g Salt can be washed out of the soil by a good drainage.
Coffee beans will be harvested after seven years.
73
7. Read and answer
Work in a group of 4 to discuss and write the answers.
Example:
When must we dig a fish pond?
It must be dug at once.
1. When will you build a new rice barn?
………………………………………………………………..……..….
2. When must we prepare the plantation area?
……………………………………………………………………...….
3. When can we irrigate our rice fields?
…………………………………………………………………....……
4. When must we cultivate the land for growing crops?
…………………………………………………………………..……..
5. When will you harvest the coffee beans?
…………………………………………………..………………..……

Read and complete the sentences below.
Example: Trees will be cut down (cut down).
1. They …………………… (take) to the paper mill.
2. The bark …………………… (remove).
3. The wood …………………….. (break) into small chips.
4. The chips ……………………… (mix) with water.
5. The mixture ……………………. (make) into a pulp.
6. Chemical and dyes …………………… (add) to the mixture.
7. The pulp ………………….. (press) by rollers to remove the water.
8. The paper …………… (send) to factories, newspaper offices, etc.
74
The first paper (1)………….…..in China. It (2)………….….nearly two

thousand years ago. The method of making paper (3)………..….……to
Europe by the Arabs.
In the 8th century, paper (4)………….……for many years, because it

was (5)……………..Until the 19th century old (6)……………..was used to
make the pulp. Many paper products (7) ………………..
ດິ
ະສ
10. Read and write
Read and write the following sentences, into passive verb forms.
Example: They should tear down this building.
ລຂິThis building should be torn down.

ວນ
1. We must clean up the pollution in our rivers.
………………………………………………….……..…………………
ຫງ
2. Your adviser has to sign this form before they will allow you to take this
class.
ສະ
…………………………………………..……………………………….
3. They might hold the graduation ceremony outside.
……………………………………………………….…………….……..
ສ
4. We mustn’t tell Mina about our surprise.

……………………………………………………………….………..…...
ວ.
ສ.
75
Review Unit 1-5
In this unit students will review Unit 1-5 to improve their language skills.
1. Write
Imagine that you are in these situations. For each situation, write a sentence
with I wish…
Example:
You’ve swum in the river too long and you feel sick.
I wish I hadn’t swum so long.
1. You are in the countryside and there is a beautiful view, but you didn’t
bring your camera.
………………………………………………………………………….…
2. When you were young, you didn’t study hard. Now you regret this.
………………………………………………………………………………
3. Last week you were interviewed for a job. They offered you the job, but
you decided not to take it. Now you regret this.
………………………………………………………………………………
4. You didn’t have breakfast this morning, so you are very hungry now.
………………………………………………………………………………
5. You went to bed late last night. Now you feel very tired.
………………………………………………………………………………
76
2. Match
Match English words with their Lao equivalents.
Example: (1-b)
1. maths ____a. ພູມສາດ
2. history __1_b. ຄະນິດສາດ
3. geography ____c. ຟີ ຊກ
ິ ສາດ
4. science ____d. ວິທະຍາສາດ
ດິ
ະສ
5. language and literature ____e. ປະຫວ ັດສາດ
6. foreign language ____f. ເຄມີສາດ
7. physics ____g. ຊີວະສາດ
8. chemistry
ລຂິ ____h. ພາສາລາວ ແລະ ວ ັນນະຄະດີ
ວນ
9. biology ____i. ພາສາຕາ່ ງປະເທດ
3. Find
ຫງ
Read the text and find words or phrases in the texts that mean:
ສະ
1. opportunity …………………..……
2. a person who translates spoken language ………………………….......
3. in another country ……………………………...
ສ
4. department of the university ……………………………...

ວ.
5. join a course of study ………………………….......

ສ.
General education in Laos

General education in Laos consists of pre-school, primary school and
secondary school. Most children in Laos start their education at about three
years old when they enter pre-school. Pre-school takes three years to prepare
children for primary school. Children study at primary school from about six
to eleven years old- a total of five years. Primary education is compulsory in
77
Laos. After finishing primary school, they go to secondary school, which takes
seven years to finish- four years for lower secondary school and three years
for upper secondary school. Normally, students complete their general
education at the age of about eighteen years old. Students who pass the final
exam in secondary school receive a secondary school certificate.
Students who can pass the entrance examination can continue their
education after secondary school. The highest level of education is university-
this takes four to six years. Students who do not want to go to university can
go to vocational or technical schools, which take three years. Another option
is vocational hands-on training for a particular job.
4. Write
Rewrite these sentences from active into passive form.
Example:
We advertised the job last week.
The job was advertised last week.
1. We received seven applicants.
…………………………………………………………………….
2. The manager interviewed three people today.
…………………………………………………………………….
3. He has written notes about each of them.
…………………………………………………………………….
4. He is considering the applicants at the moment.
…………………………………………………………………….
5. He will make a decision soon.
…………………………………………………………………….

Read the letter below and complete it by writing suitable words in the blanks.
78
P.O. Box 117
Vientiane
5 April 2010
Mrs Clak (Personnel Manager)
Lincoln Engineering Services Ltd.
P.O. Box 2897
Vientiane
(1)……………. Mrs Clak,
ດິ
ະສ
I saw your advertisement in yesterday’s Vientiane Times, and I would like
to (2) …………….for the position of Electrical Engineering.
I am twenty-five years old. I studied electrical engineering at the National
ລຂິ
University (Faculty of Engineering), and I (3) …………..two years ago. I
ວນ
have (4)…………. as an electrician for my father’s company (5)since that
time. I am interested in working on hydro-electricity projects, and I would
be happy to work in the provinces.
ຫງ
I enclose my (6) ………….(7) …………… you please send me more

details and an (8) …………………….form?
ສະ
I (9)…………………. forward to hearing from you.

(10)…………………. Sincerely,
ສ
Vilaysack
ວ.
(Mr) Vilaysack Inkhalavong

ສ.
6. Translate
Translate these traffic rules into Lao.
1. When the traffic light is yellow motorists prepare to stop or to go.

………………………………………………………………………
79
2. At the round- about, the car in the round- about has a priority to go first.
………………………………………………………………………
3. Motorists should slow down their cars while passing market places,
villages, schools, and other public gatherings.
………………………………………………………………………
4. Motorists should slow down their cars when seeing zebra crossings.
………………………………………………………………………
5. Do not stop your cars on the zebra crossings.
………………………………………………………………………
6. Give signal light before changing the lane or turning.
………………………………………………………………………
7. Do not turn on headlights high beam while driving in cities at night.
………………………………………………………………………
7. Write
Write the name of the traffic signs.
…………………. …………………. …………………..
…………………. …………………. …………………
8. Write
Use when to join the following sentences.
1. I arrived home. I saw a present on the table.
……………………………………………………………………………
2. I saw an accident. I walked out of the market.
……………………………………………………………………………
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3. I said thank you very much. He gave me a birthday present.
……………………………………………………………………………
4. I’ll ask the teacher. I have a maths problem.
……………………………………………………………………………
5. I do it right. I do something.
……………………………………………………………………………
6. I was young. I could swim.
……………………………………………………………………………
ດິ
ະສ
7. I was doing homework. My mother cooked breakfast.
……………………………………………………………………………
8. I always stop jogging. I feel tired.
ລຂິ
……………………………………………………………………………
ວນ
9. I saw a snake. I stopped my car.
……………………………………………………………………………
10. I ask someone to pick up and put the rubbish into the bin. I see someone
ຫງ
just drop them anywhere.

ສະ
……………………………………………………………………………
9. Write
ສ
Write the verbs in brackets into the present perfect passive.

ວ.
1. Since the 19th century, wood has been used (use) for making pulp.
2. Many different paper products ………………………… (develop).
ສ.
3. A lot of pollution …………………… (cause) by bleaching paper to make

it white.
4. Many lakes and rivers …………………….. (destroy) by pollution from
paper mills.
5. Since the 1980s more and more paper ………………………(recycle).
81
10. Puzzle
How many words can you find about agriculture? (There are 16).
M S E E D F I E L D B
A G R I C U L T U R E
N R A E R H W A B S A
U O I H O S E U X C N
R W N G P A L A Y M S
E T P Q S A L F O P W
I R R I G A T I O N A
A I L T B B U C K E T
J C U L T I V A T E E
F E R T I L I Z E R R
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Lesson 1 Living in the big cities
In this lesson students learn about living in the big cities and then compare to the one
in the rural areas.
1. Vocabulary
influence ອິດທິ ພ ົນ potential ຄວາມອາດສາມາດ
ດິ
ະສ
adequate ພຽງພໍ hygienic ມີອານາໄມ
mental ດາ້ ນຈິດໃຈ populous ພົນລະເມືອງໜາແໜນ

້
physical
ລຂິ
ດາ້ ນສຸຂະພາບ ignore ບໍ່ ເອົ າໃຈໃສ,່ ຖືເບົາ
ວນ
pollution ມນລະພິ
ົ ດ lack of ຂາດເຂີນ
interaction ການພົວພັນ compulsion ຄວາມກ ົດດ ັນ

ຫງ
pure ສະອາດ, ບໍລິສດ

ຸ demand ຄວາມຮຽກຮອ
້ ງຕອ
້ ງການ
ສະ

Listen and repeat the words and expressions from the vocabulary box after
ສ
the teacher.
ວ.
3. Read and match

ສ.
Read and match the English words and expression with the correct Lao
translation.
83
Living in Big Cities
Most people in our world believe that it is better to live in big cities
than to live in small villages, and this belief further gives rise to a trend where
large numbers of village people migrate to big cities. This trend can be easily
seen in most parts of the world, as the pollutions in big cities has increased.
Mostly people come to big populous cities because they find it very easy to
get good earning opportunities, whereas villages fail in providing adequate
earning potentials for their people. Moreover, in cities, there is more demand
for services, thus creating more job opportunities for a large number of people.
However, there are a number of other issues which we mostly ignore, due to
earning compulsions. Though big cities provide a good potential of earning to
a large number of people, they also cause some disadvantages. Some of these
things are highlighted below.
x Lack of open and hygienic housing facilities for the people in big
cities because large numbers of these migrants can only afford to live in small
and unhygienic conditions.
x Scarcity of pure water and air, as most of big cities of the world are
polluted very badly.
x High level of noise pollutions in big cities as compared to small

villages which create lot of physical and mental health problems to people.
x Higher traffic on the roads, increasing the chances of fatal accidents

and problems in travelling, less quality time for oneself and family, less
opportunity to commune with nature and appreciate its beauty.
84
N/O English words and Lao
expressions translations
1. migrate a. ____ ພຽງພໍ
2. opportunity b. ____ ຄວາມອາດສາມາດ
3. ignore c. ____ ຄວາມຮຽກຮອ
້ ງຕອ
້ ງການ
4. demand d. __1_ ການຍ ົກຍາ້ ຍຖິ່ ນຖານ
5. adequate e. ____ ໂອກາດ
6. potential f. ____ ມີອານາໄມ
7. hygiene g. ____ (ທີ່ )ບໍລິສດ
ຸ , ບໍລິສດ
ຸ
8. mental problem h. ____ ບໍ່ ເອົ າໃຈໃສ,່ ຖືເບົາ
9. pure i. ____ ອິດທິ ພ ົນ
ດິ
ະສ
10. influence j. ____ ບ ັນຫາດາ້ ນສຸຂະພາບຈິດ
4. Read and Answer

True or False
ລຂິ
ວນ
Read the text in Exercise 3 and answer True or False. If it is false, give the
correct answer.
ຫງ
Example:
Most people migrate to small villages. F

ສະ
Most people migrate to big cities.

1. Mostly, people migrate to big cities because it is very easy to find jobs.
______
ສ
2. Small villages fail in providing earning potentials to the people. ______

ວ.
3. There is more demand for services in small villages. ______

ສ.
4. People living in big cities have more quality time for themselves and their
families. ______
5. The rate of physical and mental problems of the people in big cities is
higher than the people in small villages. ______
6. We can easily find pure water and air in big cities. ______
7. People in the small villages have adequate opportunities to commune with
nature and appreciate its beauty. ______
85
5. Grammar note
Comparison
“–er” is used for the comparative with one syllable adjectives.
Bounkong works harder than most of his friends.
Adjectives Comparatives
hard harder
cheap cheaper
“er and ier” are used with one or two-syllable adjectives ending with –
y.
strong stronger
funny funnier
easy easier
“more” is used with some two – syllable and all longer adjectives.
serious more serious
successful more successful
There are also some exceptions for some irregular adjectives and adverbs
such as good, bad, little, much, far … when making comparisons.
little less
far farther/further
After comparatives, “than” is usually used.

Read and circle the correct comparative form of adjectives.
1. Sorry I’m late. It took me ………. to get here ……….. I expected. (longer
… than / more long … than)
2. My toothache is ……….than it was yesterday. (more painful / painfuler)
86
3. She looks about 20, but in fact she’s much ……….than she looks. (more
older / older)
4. The problem is not so complicated. It’s ……….than you think. (simpler /
more simpler) Your English has improved. You speak much ……….than
you did when we last met. (gooder / better)
5. Health and happiness are ……….than money. (importanter / more
important)
7. Rearrange
Put the following words into the correct sentences.
ດິ
ະສ
Example:
important/ happiness/ Health/ are more/ and/ money./ than
Health and happiness are more important than money.
ລຂິ
1. from/ influence/live /the /city /of /overseas /from /people.
ວນ
.……………………………………………………………………………
2. Education / development / big / depend / cities./ and / on / economic
ຫງ
.……………………………………………………………………………
3. People / cities / quality / in big / living / time / oneself / for / have less / and
ສະ
family.
.……………………………………………………………………………
4. communication / benefits / have / People / developments./ from
ສ
.……………………………………………………………………………
ວ.
5. is more / demand / There / services / for / number / of people. / for large

.……………………………………………………………………………
ສ.
8. Write
Write 5 impressions about life of the people in your village or city.
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
87
Lesson 2 Rubbish burning
In this lesson students learn about how to preserve better environment in their own
surroundings.
1. Vocabulary
awareness ສະຕິຕ່ ນຕ
ື ົວ garbage ຂີເ້ ຫື້ຍອ
convenient ສະດວກສະບາຍ consist of ປະກອບດວ

້ ຍ
experiment ເຮັດການທົດລອງ dioxin ສານໄດອ ັອກຊິນ (ທາດພິດ)
messy ບໍ່ ເປັນລະບຽບ/ຮ ົກ fertilizer ປຸຍ, ຝຸນ

່ ງາມ
encourage ຊຸກຍູ,້ ປຸກລະດ ົມ charity ມູນນິທິ (ຄວາມມີໃຈບຸນ)
effect ຜ ົນສະທອ
້ ນ dangerous ອ ັນຕະລາຍ
rubbish ຂີເ້ ຫຍືອ

້ disposal ການຖີມ້ ຂີເ້ ຫຍືອ
້ ໃສບ
່ ອ
່ ນທີ່ ເໝາະສ ົມ

the teacher.
3. Read and practise

Read the conversation after the teacher and practise it with your partner.
Khamsone sells food at the market. She usually wraps her food in banana
leaves, but Davanh uses plastic bags.
Davanh: You know, people do not use banana leaves to wrap food
nowadays. Why do you still use them?
Khamsone: Well, I’ve always used banana leaves. I don’t see any reasons
to change it.
88
Davanh: But banana leaves are expensive – plastic bags are much
cheaper.
Khamsone: Yes, I agree. Luckily, I grow banana plants in my garden, so I
don’t have to buy them.
Davanh: I think plastic bags are much more convenient. My customers
like them too.
Khamsone: That may be true, but look at this street! It’s so messy,
plastic bags are everywhere. They will stay there forever if
ດິ
people don’t pick them up, unlike banana leaves. If leaves are
ະສ
thrown along the street, they will disappear and become
natural fertilizer after a few years.
Davanh: Yes, I think you’re right.
ລຂິ
ວນ
4. Read and answer
Read the conversation in Exercise 3 and answer the following questions.
ຫງ
1. Why does Davanh prefer plastic bags to wrap her food for customers?
……………………………………………………………………………
ສະ
2. Why does Khamsone prefer banana leaves to wrap her food for her
customers?
ສ
……………………………………………………………………………
ວ.
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using plastic bags?

Advantages: …………………………………………………………
ສ.
Disadvantages: ………………………………………………………
4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using banana leaves?
Advantages: …………………………………………………………
Disadvantages: ………………………………………………………
5. What way you can help community to reduce the using plastic bags?
…………………………………………………………………………
89
5. Read and match
Read and match the English words and expressions with the correct Lao
translation.
Burning rubbish
Burning rubbish is
common cause of air
pollution. This has a
harmful effect on people’s
health.
In the past, most
people used to burn garden
rubbish. This did not cause
any serious damage to
people’s health. Nowadays,
however, there is a lot of plastic in household rubbish. When plastic is burnt, it
produces poison called dioxin, which can cause cancer and skin disease. Many
people still burn their rubbish. Some people are too lazy to put their rubbish
out for collection, and some people may not know that burning plastic is
dangerous to health.
Local authorities are trying to reduce the burning of rubbish. Vientiane

Capital, for example, sends trucks to collect rubbish every day. Other ideas
have been suggested to help solve this problem. One idea is an awareness
campaign, telling people about the dangers of burning some types of rubbish.
Another idea is an “anti-pollution day”, which could raise awareness of the
importance of a clean and healthy environment.
90
English words and Lao
expressions translations
1. cause a. ____ ສານໄດອ ັອກຊິນ(ສານພິດ)
2. effect b. ____ ສະຕິຕ່ ນຕ
ື ົວ
3. consist of c. ____ ສຸຂະພາບ
4. plastic d. ____ ຂີເ້ ຫື້ຍອ
5. dioxin e. ____ ສິ່ ງແວດລອ
້ ມ
6. anti-pollution day f. ____ ວ ັນຕາ້ ນມນລະພິ
ົ ດ
7. awareness g. ____ ປະກອບດວ
້ ຍ
ດິ
8. dangerous h. __1_
ະສ
ສາຍເຫດ
9. health i. ____ ປລາສະຕິກ
10. environment j. ____ ຜ ົນສະທອ
້ ນ
11. rubbish k. ____ ອ ັນຕະລາຍ
ລຂິ
ວນ
ຫງ
Listen and complete the missing words in the blanks.
produces waste rubbish produce garbage

ສະ
plastic bags recycling looking for supermarket medicine
Beijing has a big problem with ……………... The city is full of plastic
ສ
bags and disposable cups and boxes. China’s 1.2 billion people …………
ວ.
about 100 million tons of ……………. each year. This includes about 220
million food boxes and 2.3 billion plastic bags. Beijing, a city of 12 million
ສ.
people, ………….… up to 15,000 tons of household …………… each day.

……………… is not new in China. Just a few years ago, very little was
thrown away in Beijing. Office workers used coffee jars as cups. Orange peel
was hung out to dry and used in Chinese ……………... That was before the
arrival of fast food and ……………….. packaging. These days, people can be
seen poking through the rubbish, ………………. different kinds of things that
can be recycled, such as bread to feed the animals and ………….. …….. and
empty cans to sell to recycling companies.
91
7. Write
Make a list of things that your family throws away, then write sentences
about what your family does with these things with your partner.
Example:
Empty water bottles

We collect the drinking water bottles and sell them to the recycling
companies.
1. ………………………………………………………………….. .
2. ………………………………………………………………….. .
3. ………………………………………………………………….. .
4. ………………………………………………………………….. .
5. ………………………………………………………………….. .
92
Lesson 3 The lively cities
In this lesson students learn about the lively environment and the development of the
cities.
1. Vocabulary
achieve (ເພື່ ອ) ບ ັນລຸເປົາ້ ໝາຍ additionally ນອກຈາກນນັ ້

asphalt ທາງປູຢາງ crossroad ທາງສີ່ ແຍກ
concrete ຊີເມັນ condition ສະພາບ
congestion ການສ ັນຈອນ conjunction ເສັ ້ນທາງຕໍ່ ກ ັນ
ດິ
ະສ
cooperate ການຮວ່ ມມື furthermore ຍິ່ ງກວ ັ້
່ ານນ
direct traffic ກາກໍ ັບການຈະລາຈອນ emissions ປອ ້ ໄປ
່ ຍຂຶນ
ensure ຮ ັບປະກ ັນ rapidly ຢ່າງໄວວາ
minimize ຫຼຸດຜອ
ລຂິ
່ ນ noxious fumes ຄ ັວນພິດ
ວນ
ຫງ
the teacher.
ສະ

Use the words and expressions in the box to complete the text.
ສ
biggest tidy traffic plants machine

ວ.
passengers concrete relax trees crossroads

ສ.
Vientiane today
Vientiane is the capital and the (1) ……………… city of the Lao
People’s Democratic Republic. Vientiane is developing rapidly, as we can see
from the new asphalt and (2) ……………… roads leading to schools,
hospitals, hotels and residential areas. Moreover, there are many public parks
for residents to (3) ……………… and exercises in after a tiring day at work.
Public parks are on essential part of the capital and should always be kept (4)
………………. To achieve this, everyone should cooperate by cleaning up
93
their refuse and not leaving litter around. In addition, people should protect (5)
……………… in parks because they are not only attractive but also help to
reduce pollution and provide shade.
The roads (in VT) have been improved and (6) ……………… lights
have been installed in many locations to ease congestion. Traffic police
stations are located at the (7) ……………… and junctions to direct traffic on
busy roads. Many of the main roads in VT now look more attractive because
concrete flowerpots on traffic island have been removed and replaced with soil
and some nice (8) ………………, which add more charm to the capital city.
Vehicle owners should regularly check the condition of their
(9)…………… to ensure safety and minimize emissions because noxious
fumes can damage the health of others. Furthermore, public bus operators
should stop (10) ……………… from throwing their rubbish out of the
windows. Road users should show awareness of traffic rules to ensure safety
on the road. To keep the city lively, residents and visitors should all take care
of it; keep it clean, green and safe.
4. Read and answer

Read the text in Exercise 3 and answer the questions.
1. What should the roads users do if they want to make cities lively?
…………………………………………………………………………
2. What should the vehicle owners do to keep safety in the cities?
…………………………………………………………………………
3. Why do main roads in Vientiane look more attractive now?
…………………………………………………………………………
4. Why there are many public parks in Vientiane?
…………………………………………………………………………
5. What is the English official name of Lao country?
…………………………………………………………………………
6. What is the capital city of Lao P.D.R?
…………………………………………………………………………
94
7. Why are many traffic police stations located at the crossroads and
junctions?
…………………………………………………………………………
8. What can we see that tells us there is rapid development in Vientiane?
…………………………………………………………………………

Practise the dialogue in pairs.
Somephone and Jane are friends and they are talking about lively cities in
Laos.
ດິ
ະສ
Jane: Good afternoon Phone. Great to meet you again
Somephone: Nice to meet you, too. How long are you going to stay in Laos
this time?
Jane:
ລຂິ
I will be here for about three weeks or more if I enjoy it.
ວນ
Somephone: I hope you enjoy it. Where do you plan to stay?
Jane: I am not sure. What does Vientiane look like now?
ຫງ
Somephone: It has been developed rapidly.

Jane: Are there any new things?
ສະ
Somephone: Yes, there are. Asphalt and concrete roads, leading to schools,
hospitals, hotels and residences have been built.
Jane: Are there any places to relax and exercises?
ສ
Somephone: Yes. There are many public parks for residents to relax and
ວ.
exercise in after work.

Jane: Sounds interesting now. How about the traffic in Vientiane,
ສ.
now?
Somephone: It’s safer. Police always direct the traffic on every busy road.
Jane: Are the roads or city cleaner than 10 years ago?
Somephone: Yes. Residents and visitors are requested to keep it clean and
safe.
Jane: Good. I will stay in Vientiane this time.
95
6. Read and answer
Read the text in Exercise 3 and write whether the sentences are True or
False. Correct if the sentences are WRONG.
1. There are not many public parks for residents to relax and exercise in
Vientiane._______
………………………………………………………………………
2. To keep the city lively, everyone should clean up their refuse and not leave
litter around._______
………………………………………………………………………
3. Planting and protecting trees in parks will help to reduce pollution and
provide shade. _______
………………………………………………………………………
4. The roads in Vientiane have not been improved. _______
………………………………………………………………………
5. Noxious fumes can improve the health of others. _______
………………………………………………………………………
6. Road users should keep the roads clean to ensure safety on the road._____
………………………………………………………………………
7. To keep the city lively, residents and visitors should build more roads and
import more vehicles. _______
………………………………………………………………………

Listen and complete the following dialogue.
A: Are there new things in Vientiane nowadays?

B: Yes, there are. Asphalt and (1) __________ roads, schools, hospitals,
hotels and residence have been (2) __________ and (3) __________.
A: Are there any places to (4) __________ and exercise?

B: Yes. There are many public (5) __________ for residents to relax and
exercise in after work.
96
A: It looks (6) _______ now. How about the (7) ______ in Vientiane now?
B: It’s (8) ______ now. Police always direct the traffic on every busy road.
A: Are the roads or city (9) __________ than 10 years ago?
B: Yes. Residents and (10) _______ are requested to keep it clean and safe.
A: Nice to hear that. Hope that Laos will become a (11) __________ tourist
centre in Asia and in the world.
B: Thank you.
8. Rearrange
ດິ
ະສ
Put the following words into the correct sentences.
Example: capital / What / of Lao / is the / PDR ? / city
ລຂິ
What is the capital city of Lao PDR ?
ວນ
1. The / big city / gradually / in the / improving. / of life / is / quality
………………………………………………………………………….
ຫງ
2. every / ways / pure. / is / rural / The / of / life

………………………………………………………………………….
ສະ
3. want to / and / in the / city. / I / live / work / big

………………………………………………………………………….
ສ
4. direct / always / on every / the traffic / busy road. / Police

ວ.
………………………………………………………………………….
5. public / in / many / ? / Vientiane / are there / Why / park

ສ.
………………………………………………………………………….
97
Lesson 1 Population growth
In this lesson students will learn about the population growth in Laos and “Present
real conditional sentence”.
1. Vocabulary
census ການສ ໍາຫຼວດພົນລະເມືອງ tributary ່ າໍ ້
ສາຂາແມນ
rank ຈ ັດດ ໍາດ ັບ, ຢູ່ໃນລະດ ັບ infrastructure ້ ຖານ
ໂຄງລາ່ ງພືນ
average ສະເລຍ
່ life expectancy ອາຍຸຍນ
ື ສະເລຍ ່
current ປັດປະຈຸບ ັນ decrease ຫຼຸດລ ົງ
estimate ປະເມີນຕີລາຄາ ethnic group ຊ ົນເຜົ່າສວນ
່ ນອ
້ ຍ
growth ການເຕີບໂຕ linguistic ກຽ່ ວກ ັບພາສາ, ພາສາສາດ
determine ການ
ໍ ົດ, ຕ ັດສິນໃຈ comprising ປະກອບດວ ້ ຍ
great burden ພາລະອ ັນຍິ່ງໃຫຍ
່ classify ຈ ັດເປັນໝວດ, ແຍກປະເພດ
impose ບ ັງຄ ັບ, separate ແຍກອອກ
fraction ເສດສວນ
່ , ສວນ
່ ນອ
້ ຍໆ

Listen and repeat the words and expressions in the box after the teacher.
3. Grammar note
Present real conditional sentences.
1. If + S + V1 + Obj.
(If the birth rate is higher than the death
rate, the population will increase.) S + will + infinitive verb + obj.
2. S + will + infinitive verb +obj. (,)
If + S + V1 + Obj.
(The population will increase if the
birth rate is higher than the death rate.)
Usages
- Talks about something that MAY or Will happen in the future.
- Talks about something that MAY or Will be TRUE in the future.
98
4. Complete these sentences by using the first conditional
sentences.
1. If Lao people use Lao products, our country will be modern quickly.
2. Women in Laos ………. (live) longer if they……….. (have) a few
children.
3. If Lao population………… (increase) quickly, Laos …………. (face) a big
problem in the future.
4. It ………… (be) crowded in the future if most people ………..(move) to
live in Vientiane Capital.
ດິ
ະສ
5. If the birth rate……..(decrease), the population………..(decrease).
ລຂິ
Practice the dialogue and practise it in pairs.
ວນ
Yamane: How do you do?
Somephone: How do you do?
Yamane: What is your name?
ຫງ
Somephone: My name is Somephone.

Yamane: Nice to meet you Somephone.
I am Yamane, from Tokyo, Japan. Where are you from?
ສະ
Somephone: I am from Laos.

Yamane: Where is Laos?
Somephone: It’s bordered by Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, and Cambodia.
ສ
Yamane: Oh, really? What is the total population of Laos?

Somephone: It’s around 7 million estimated in July 2009 and will be around
ວ.
8 million in 2020.
Yamane: Is the population of Laos increasing every year?
ສ.
Somephone: Yes, it is. But it isn’t very high each year.

Yamane: What is the growth rate of Lao population?
Somephone: It’s 2. 32 % estimated in 2009. And what is the total population
of Japan?
Yamane: It’s 127.6 million, estimated in 2009
Note: 2.320 = two point three two, zero.

2,320 = two thousand three hundred and twenty.
99
6. Read and answer
Read the text and then answer the questions below.
The population
Since the last census taken in July 2009, the population of Laos was
estimated at about 6,834,345(six million eight hundred thirty four thousand
three hundred and thirty five) and it was rated as the 102nd rank of the world
population. The population is increasing at an average of 2.4 % (2009, est.)
each year. It is estimated that if Laos continues to grow at its current rate, the
population will almost double in the next 25 years.
The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be

imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure,
resources, and jobs. Most Lao people live in valleys of the Mekong River and
its tributaries. The average population density is 26 people per square
kilometer, giving Laos the lowest population density in Asia. The highest
population in Laos is in Vientiane municipality, with more than 150 people
per square kilometer, while the lowest population density is in Xaysomboun
Province, at 8 per square kilometer.
As life expectancy at birth is 55 years, only a small fraction of the

population is over 60 years old and almost half of the remaining population is
under the age of 15.
There are about 49 ethnic groups in Laos with 4 main linguistic families
that are found all across Laos, with each comprising their own culture and
tradition. These groups can be classified into three different groups: Lao
Theung, Lao Soung and Lao Loum.
Questions:
1. What was the population of Laos estimated in 2009?

………………………………………………………………………...…..
100
2. How many groups of Lao people are there?
…………………………………………………………………...………..
3. What is the average life expectancy at birth of the Lao people?
…………………………………………………………………...………..
4. Where do most Lao people live?
………………………………………………………………………...…..
5. What will the population be in the next twenty-five years?
…………………………………………………………………………….
6. What is the growth rate of Lao population?
………………………………………………………..……………….…..
ດິ
ະສ
7. In which rank is Lao population rated?
……………………………………………………………..……….……..
8. What is the average density of Lao population?
………………………………………………………….……………..…..
ລຂິ
9. How many linguistic families are found in Laos?
ວນ
………………………………………………………………………...…..

ຫງ
Listen and complete the text by using the words and expressions in the box.
expectancies census working decreases

ສະ
shows growth rate declining increase

ສ
The population projection 2005-2020

ວ.
Based on the enumerated population in 2005, population (1)

……………… projections have been made up to 2020. The main projection
ສ.
(2) ………… that fertility and mortality are reasonably (3) ………… and
the population will (4) ………to 7.9 million in 2020. Total fertility rate
declines from 4.5 in 2005 to 2.1 in 2020. Life (5) ……..…… for males and
females increase from 59 and 63 in 2005 to 70 and 74 years in 2020,
respectively. Infant mortality (6) ………....…… from 70/1000 in 2005 to
34.2/1000 in 2020. Net migration is assumed to increase from 15,000 people
in 2005 to 20,000 people in 2020.
101
The natural (7) ……..… of the population will remain 2.4 % from 2005
to 2010, but it will drop to 2.2 % in 2010 and to 1.9 % in 2015 and to 1.4 % in
2020. The population in (8) ……..…… ages will slowly increase as
percentage of total population, from 57 % in 2005 to 59 % in 2010 and 61 %
in 2020.
8. Look and write

Write the sentences by using the information in the graph as given in the
samples below.
Example:
1. The population of Laos in 2009 was 0.9 million bigger than in 2003.
2. The population has increased from 2003 to 2009.
1. ………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
2. ………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
3. …………………………………………………………………
4. …………………………………………………………………
5. …………………………………………………………………
6. …………………………………………………….……………
102
Lesson 2 Economic Development
In this lesson students will learn about economic development in Laos from the
reading texts.
1. Vocabulary
sustainable ທີ່ ຍືນຍ ົງ, ທີ່ ຮ ັບປະກ ັນ natural resource ຊ ັບພະຍາກອນທ ໍາມະຊາດ
anonymity ລ ັບ, ບໍ່ ບອກຊື່ contribute ປະກອບສວ
່ ນ
demand ຕອ
້ ງການ, ຄວາມຮຽກຮອ
້ ງ private sector ພາກເອກະຊ ົນ
ດິ
ະສ
gauge ຄວາມກວາ້ ງຂອງທາງລ ົດໄຟ robust ແຂງແຮງ
ensure ຮ ັບຮອງ, ຮ ັບປະກ ັນວາ່ shift ປຽ່ ນ
expansion ການຂະຫຍາຍກວາ້ ງ stable ້ ົງຖາວອນ
ໝັນຄ
ລຂິ ໍ ້ ົກ
hydropower dam ເຂື່ ອນໄຟຟາ້ ນາຕ assist ຊວ
່ ຍເຫຼືອ
ວນ
implementation ການດ ໍາເນີນການ market oriented ກ ົນໄກຕະຫຼາດ
tourism industry ອຸດສາຫະກາການທ
ໍ ອ
່ ງທຽ່ ວ manufacturing ການປະລິດ
ຫງ

ສະ

ສ
Practice the dialogue and practise it in pairs.

ວ.
Yamane: What are Lao economic trends?

ສ.
Somephone: It continues to grow gradually.

Yamane: What are the major forces to make the economic growth?
Somephone: They might be from natural resources or the tourism industry.
Yamane: Do hydropower dams contribute to Lao economic growth?
Somephone: Yes, very much.
Yamane: What is the Lao economic projection rate in 2010?
Somephone: I think, it’ll reach 7.7 percent.
103
Yamane: Wow that sounds interesting. What is the rank of economic
growth compared to other East Asian counties?
Somephone: It’s the third fastest after Indonesia and China.
Yamane: Does the Lao economy have a clear future?
Somephone: Yes, it does. What are Japanese economic trends?
Yamane: It remains stable in recent years, but they have a very good
future.
4. Read and answer.

Read the text and then answer the questions below
Lao economic growth projection

(Source: Vientiane Times: 08-04-2010)
The implementation of the government policy shifting from a centrally

planned economy to a market oriented financial system in 1986, allowing the
private sector to play a role in the development of the national economy. Lao
economy continues to grow gradually. The World Bank released its East Asia
and Pacific Economic Update for 2010 projecting Lao economic growth to
reach 7.7 percent (%) this year, the third fastest rate in East Asia after
Indonesia and China.
According to the World Bank (WB), natural resources and tourism

industry will remain the major driving forces behind the economic growth in
Laos. Hydropower dam and mining expansions are expected to contribute
about 3.6 percent of total economic growth.
According to the WB, Lao fiscal growth reached 6.7 % in 2009, the
second highest in East Asia after China. The bank said that the strong growth
was due to stable demand for Lao mining products in China. The World Bank
urged the Lao government to focus on breaking into manufacturing and
104
becoming part of global production chain to ensure sustainable economic
growth in the future.
Recently, the government is aiming to maintain the economic growth at

7.5 % in the 2009-2010 fiscal years, after reaching 7.6 % in the previous year.
Stable economic growth will assist its efforts to move Lao from the least
developed nations group by 2020.
a. Questions:
1. When did the government shift the economy from centrally planned to a
ດິ
ະສ
market oriented financial system?
…………………………………………………………………………
2. What does the government have to focus on ensuring economic growth in
the future?
ລຂິ
…………………………………………………………………………
ວນ
3. Do the hydropower dams and mining products contribute to the total
economic growth?
ຫງ
…………………………………………………………………………
4. What are the major forces that will drive the economic growth in Laos?
ສະ
…………………………………………………………………………
5. What was the economic growth rate in the 2009-2010 fiscal years?
…………………………………………………………………………
ສ
b. Read and Answer (True or False)

ວ.
Use the information in the text to answer the following sentences True or
False if it is false, give the correct information.
ສ.
1. Laos is implementing a centrally planned economy system

…………………………………………………………………..……..
2. Lao economic growth rate will reach 7.9 percent in 2010.
…………………………………………………………………….…..
3. Lao government is aiming to maintain the economic growth at 7.5 % in the
2009-2010 fiscal years.
………………………………………………………………………...
105
4. The strong growth of Lao economy was due to the demand of Lao people
living in the countryside.
………………………………………………………………………..
5. Lao economic growth was rated the first highest in East Asia.__________
………………………………………………………………………..
6. Natural resources and tourism industry will be the major driving forces for
the economic growth in Laos.
………………………………………………………………………..
7. Hydropower dams and mining expansions contribute about 3.0 % to total
economic growth in Laos.
………………………………………………………………………..
Listen and complete the text by using the words and expressions in the box.
Integration community political-security open

link up build competitive declaration
integrated harmonized exist
ASEAN economic community
Following the formal signing, the AEC will officially ………. (1) on
December 31st 2015. It forms one of three pillars of the ASEAN ………..
(2) a broad framework of regional(3) ………. The other two are the (4)
………. Community, which aims to (5) ……… the region's foreign affairs
and security interests; and the Socio-Cultural Community, which seeks to
(6)……….. People-to-people connections. The AEC seeks to reduce
barriers to trade, services, investment and skilled labor across ASEAN,
with the aim of making the region more (7) ………… economically. The
recently signed (8) ………. and indeed the establishment of the AEC will
not mean that the region will begin to act as a completely (9) …………
economic bloc. Among many things, this would entail regulatory
106
uniformity (10)… …..production standards, commonality on labor laws and
a general reduction of non-tariff trade barriers, of which many still
(11) ……… in the region. This, however, is not the end game, as ASEAN
was never meant to be an EU-like union.
6. Write
Write about the advantages and disadvantages of living in big cities, and give
reasons why people immigrate to live in big cities. (Write at least 100 words).
Ex. Most of Lao people move to live in Vientiane Capital, because they think
ດິ
ະສ
that it is a modern city and there are many job opportunities. It has a lot of
factories and companies so they can get the jobs and earn money easily. On
the contrary living in Vientiane Capital has a lot of air pollution, traffic jams
ລຂິ
and crowded.....................................................................................................
ວນ
……………………………………………………………………….…………
…………………………………………………………………………….……
ຫງ
…………………………………………………………………………….……
…………………………………………………………………………….……
ສະ
…………………………………………………………………………….……
…………………………………………………………………………….……
ສ
…………………………………………………………………………….……
ວ.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….……
ສ.
……………………………………………………………………………….…
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….……
…………………………………………………………………………….……
…………………………………………………………………………………
107
Lesson 3 Changes
In this lesson students will learn about the changes that happen in their villages and
passive voice.
1. Vocabulary
construct ກໍ່ ສາ້ ງ hygiene system ລະບ ົບສຸກຂະອະນາໄມ
development ການພັດທະນາ supply ສະໜອງ
earn their living ຫາລຽ້ງຊີບ living condition ສະພາບການດ ໍາລ ົງຊີວດ

ິ
facility ສີງອ ໍານວຍຄວາມສະດວກ raising animal ການລຽ້ງສ ັດ
Irrigation system ລະບ ົບຊ ົນລະປະທານ

3. Grammar note
1. The Passive Voice (future and perfect)
1. Subject + will + be + V3 (for future simple tense) + Example
Water will be supplied to all houses.
2. Subject + have/has + been + V3 (for past until now) + Example
The village has been developed quite a lot.
The passive voice is usd for
Something has been done or will be done by somebody.
Remember: they, we, are not followed by “by” when they change into
passive voice.
108
4. Change these sentences into passive voice
1. They will build a lot of tall buildings in Vientiane capital soon.
Ex. A lot of buildings will be built in Vientiane capital soon or a lot of
buildings in Vientiane capital will be built soon.
2. They have just built the ITEC Mall.
………………………………………………………………………...……
3. People in big cities have used pocket Wi-Fi to link internet.
………………………………………………………………………...……
4. People in the country side have drunk clean water for many years.
ດິ
ະສ
…………………………………………………………………………..….
5. Lao people will use high speed train soon.
……………………………………………………………………………...
6. We have used the new satellite for a few years.
……………………………………………………………………………...
5. Read and practicse ລຂິ

ວນ
Read the dialogue and practise it in pairs.
Bounsong and Vilaykone are old friends; they haven’t seen each other for a
ຫງ
long time.
Bounsong: Vilaykone?
ສະ
Vilaykone: Bounsong I can’t believe it’s you. I haven’t seen you for
many years.
Bounsong: That’s right Vilaykone. It’s been a long time. How have you
ສ
been?
ວ.
Vilaykone: Fine thanks. And how about you?

Bounsong: Everything is fine with me, too.
ສ.
Vilaykone: Bounsong, do you still live at Nongbone village?

Bounsong: No, I haven’t lived at Nongbone village for several years.
Vilaykone: Where do you live now?
Bounsong: I live at Donenoun village. And how about you? Do you still
live at Thangone village?
Vilaykone : No, I haven’t lived at Thangone village since 1995.
Bounsong: Where do you live now?
Vilaykone: I live at Nongteng village.
109
Bounsong: Tell me, Vilaykone. Are you still a barber?
Vilaykone: No, I haven’t been a barber for 6 years.
Bounsong : Really? What do you do exactly now?
Vilaykone: I’m a taxi-driver. And you? Are you still a house painter?
Bounsong: No, I haven’t been a house painter since 2000.
Vilaykone: Really? What do you do now?
Bounsong: I’m a carpenter.
Vilaykone: And do you still play khene?
Bounsong: No, I haven’t played khene for over ten years. And how about
you? Do you still go fishing at the weekends?
Vilaykone: No, I haven’t gone fishing at the weekends since I got married.
Bounsong: Well. Vilaykone, I’m afraid I have to go now. We should get
together soon.
Vilaykone: Good idea, Bounsong. Bye.
Bounsong: Bye. See you later.
6. Read and answer

Read the text and then answer the questions below.
My village
Most people in my village are farmers. They earn their living by
growing rice, and vegetables and raising animals. The village has been
developed quite a lot in the last thirty years. Houses, roads, living conditions,
farming conditions, other facilities, including hygiene systems have been
improved and changed a lot, now.
30 years ago
110
My village now
ດິ
ະສ
Today, farmers use machines for rice farming. Also new methods for
growing crops and raising animals have been introduced to them. Irrigation
ລຂິ
systems have been constructed in the village so farmers can grow rice and
raise animal in both wet and dry seasons. New roads have been built, which
ວນ
provides easier access to the delivery of the crops to market places.
In the next 10 years
ຫງ
ສະ
ສ
ວ.
ສ.
In the next ten years, there will be more development in the village.
People will earn more money and build new houses. They will have more food
to eat and will be able to buy more things. Roads will be repaired and new
ones will be built in the village, and travelling will be more comfortable and
convenient. According to the plans of village authorities, a new hospital,
school buildings, a market and a stupa will be built in the next few years.
Electricity and water systems will be improved and supplied to all houses soon.
111
Questions:
1. What will be developed in the village in the next ten years?
…………………………………………………………………………
2. Will there be any development in the village in the next ten years?
………………………………………………………………….………
3. What do most people do in the village?
…………………………………………………………………………
4. Are there any irrigation systems in the village now?
…………………………………………………………………………
5. How do people in the village earn their living?
…………………………………………………………………………
6. Were there any machines for rice farming in the village 30 years ago?
…………………………………………………………………………
7. What will people in the village have in the next ten years?
……………………………………………………………………..…..
7. Complete and practise

Complete the dialogue and then practise it with your partner.
A. Will big buildings be built in your village in the next few years?
B. ………………………………………………………………………..
A. Will roads be repaired and constructed?
B. ………………………………………………………………………..
A. Will new shops be opened along the roads in the next five years?
B. ………………………………………………………………………..
A. Will there be a new big market soon in your village?
B. ………………………………………………………………………..
A. Do you expect a new school will be built in your village in the next ten
years?
B. ………………………………………………………………………..
8. Write
Write about the changes in your village from ten years ago until now and in
the next ten years by using the information in the text as a guide for you.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
112
Lesson 1 Endangered animals
In this lesson students learn how to protect the wildlife.
1. Vocabulary
ivory ວ ັດຖຸທ່ ີເຮັດດວ

້ ຍງາຊາ້ ງ accidentally ໂດຍບ ັງເອີນ
horn ນໍ (ແຮດ) rare ຫາຍາກ, ມີໜອ

້ ຍ
ດິ
ະສ
habitat ບອ
່ ນຢູ່ extinct ສູນພັນ
net ແຫ, ມອງ destroy ທ ໍາລາຍ
endangered ໃກສ
້ ນ
ູ ພັນ tusk ງາຊາ້ ງ
hunter
ລຂິ
ນ ັກລາ່ ສ ັດ critically ຢາ
່ ງຮຸນແຮງ
ວນ
disappear ສູນຫາຍ estimate ຕີລາຄາ
decline ຫຼຸດລ ົງ decoration ການປະດ ັບ
decade ທົດສະຫວ ັດ disappointed ຜິດຫວ ັງ

ຫງ

ສະ
3. Pre – reading
ສ
Read and answer the questions.

ວ.
What wild animals are there in Laos?

Do you know what they are called in English?
ສ.
Why do some people hunt them?

Have you ever eaten any wild animals?
113
4. Read and answer
Endangered animals
All over the world, many beautiful and unusual animals have become
extinct, and many more of them are in danger of becoming extinct for a
variety of reasons.
One endangered animal is the elephant. Hunters kill elephants for their
ivory tusks. Ivory is used to make decorations and jewelry. Tigers are also in
danger of becoming extinct.
In 1998, it was estimated that there were only about 2,000 tigers left in
the wild. Hunters kill them for their fur and their bones. The rhinoceros is one
of the rarest animals in the world. Rhinoceros horns and tiger bones are used
in traditional Chinese medicine, and can be sold for very high prices. Another
animal in danger is the panda. It is only found in China and it eats a special
kind of bamboo. When forests are cut down, the pandas have nowhere to live
and their natural food source is destroyed.
Whales are hunted for both meat and oil. In some parts of the world,
Japan for example, people pay a lot of money for whale meat. Dolphins are
mainly found in the sea and some kinds of dolphins are in danger of
extinction. The main reason is that dolphins get caught accidentally in fishing
nets which are used to catch tuna and other fish.
In Laos, deer, pheasant and wild peacock are becoming endangered.

These animals have been traditionally hunted for centuries with no problems,
but now their numbers are declining. The animals are hunted for their meat,
which is popular in Laos. Some restaurants around the country even specialize
in serving meat from wild animals.
114
In the south of Laos, there is a rare kind of freshwater dolphin called the
Pakha. It is already almost extinct. There are only a few hundred left. Their
natural habitat ( the Mekong river ) has become polluted, and over-fishing has
reduced their food supply. The Pakha may disappear forever over the next few
decades.
At present, all of these animals are endangered and some of them will
definitely become extinct in the near future. What will we say to our children
when they ask why there are no tigers left in the world? Or why ivory was so
ດິ
ະສ
important that we killed all the elephants?
Questions:
ລຂິ
1. Why are tigers valuable?
________________________________________________________
ວນ
2. Why is the panda in danger of extinction?
________________________________________________________
ຫງ
3. What is the main danger for sea dolphins?

________________________________________________________
ສະ
4. Give two seasons why the Pakha may disappear soon?

________________________________________________________
5. What is the most valuable part of the rhinoceros? Why?
ສ
________________________________________________________
ວ.
6. Why are wild animals hunted in Laos?

________________________________________________________
ສ.
5. Read and arrange

Read the text in Exercise 4 again and arrange the pictures in correct order.
______________ _______________ ________________

115
________________ __________________
________________ __________________
_________________ __________________
6. Speak
In group of 6-9 conduct a role play: some students represent endangered

animals (tigers, elephants….) 1-2 students are hunters, and 1-2 students are
working for wild population protection agency. Create the situation how to
protect the endangered animals.

…………….species are the species which have been …………. by the
International…………..for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red……………as
likely to become……….…..….“Endangered” is the………………most severe
conservation status for………….…..populations in the IUCN’s ……………..
after Critically Endangered (CR).
116
8. Write
Read and complete these sentences using the information from the text in
Exercise 4.
1. In 1998, it was estimated that there were only about…………….tigers left

in the wild.
2. Rhinoceros horns and tiger bones are used in ……………..….Chinese
medicine
3. In Laos, deer, pheasant and wild peacock are becoming ………………..…
ດິ
ະສ
4. The pakha may………..……..forever over the next few ……….………….
5. Ivory is used to make …………………….. and …………………………. .
ລຂິ
ວນ
ຫງ
ສະ
ສ
ວ.
ສ.
117
Lesson 2 Wildlife conservation
In this lesson students learn how to conserve wildlife; revision the use of should/must
expressions.
1. Vocabulary
conserve ອານຸລ ັກ rifle ປື ນຍາວ

Forespace ອ ົງການຟໍສະເປດ volunteer ອາສາສະມກັ
creation ການປະດິດສາ້ ງ scheme ແຜນການ
hand-over ສ່ ງົ ມອບ/ຮ ັບ-ມອບ illegal ຜິດກ ົດໝາຍ
preserve ສະຫງວນ poacher ນາຍພານເຖື່ ອນ
negotiation ການເຈລະຈາ encourage ຊຸກຍູ້

Listen and repeat after the teacher. Then practice the dialogue in pairs.
Chanh: What’ up in the news?
Keo: Hunters in Houayxai district gave their rifles to local authorities

because they want to conserve wild animals.
Chanh: That’s the right thing to do!

Keo: Yes. They are aware that preserving the forest is important
because natural forests are tourist attractions and will bring (a
good income) into the area.
Chanh: Any other villagers’ participation?

Keo: Villagers have been trained in forest security because they need
to protect the forest from poachers.
Chanh: That’s a good programme!
118
4. Pre-reading
Read and answer these questions.
Have you ever seen any wild animals in the forest?

What kind of animals have you seen?
Where have you seen them?
5. Read and answer

ດິ
ະສ
Wildlife conservation
The villagers of Ban Toup,

Houayxai district, have decided to
ລຂິ
give their traditional hunting rifles to
ວນ
the local authorities. This will help
create a protected area around
ຫງ
NamKan- Nam Nga.

This happy event is the result
ສະ
of negotiations between various

government departments, local
authorities, the villagers and the
ສ
Forespace Forest project team. All

ວ.
these groups are working in the Nam Kan protected area to preserve the forest
and encourage eco-tourism. Wildlife conservation is a very important part of
ສ.
the program.
The hand-over of the rifles is important because it shows rural support
to stop illegal hunting. In Bokeo, the action is part of a long-term plan to
create an area of pristine forest which will be opened to tourists and scientists
who want to study and experience the amazing bio-diversity of Laos.
Forespace has plans to create a tree-top walk-way that will show the
secrets of the forest to visitors. Forespace has been training villagers in forest
119
security as part of their scheme to protect wildlife .Villagers from local tribes
have volunteered to become members of a forest guard team which protects
the area from poachers. The team also records wildlife including monkeys,
birds and large mammals, and collects other information that can be used to
protect the environment.
Questions:
1. Who have decided to give their traditional hunting rifles to the local
authorities?
……………………………………………………………………….………
2. Who work to conserve wildlife?
…………………………………………………………………….…………
3. Why is the hand-over of the rifles important?
………………………………………………………………………….……
4. What is a long term plan?
………………………………………………………………………….……
5. What are plans of the Forespace?
………………………………………………………………………….……
6. Match
Match English words or phrases with their Lao translations.
1. eco-tourism ____a. ການປົກປັກຮ ັກສາປ່າໄມ ້
2. bio-diversity ່ ງທຽ່ ວອະນຸລ ັກສິ່ງແວດລອ

__1_b. ການທອ ້ ມ
3. walk-way ____c. ປ່າດ ົງດິບ
4. forest security ____d. ຊີວະນານາພັນ
5. forest guard team ____e. ທາງຍາ່ ງ
6. pristine forest ____f. ເຈົາ້ ໜາ້ ທີ່ ປ່າໄມ ້
120
7. Speak
Work in a group of 4 and discuss the hunting of wild animals.
Think of reasons for hunting and reasons against hunting.
Write in the two lists of reasons.
Example
For Against
Hunters need money to support There are plenty of other kinds of
their families. food to eat, without eating wildlife.
ດິ
ະສ
…………………………………… …………………………………….
…………………………………… …………………………………….
……………………………………
…………………………………… ລຂິ …………………………………….
…………………………………….
ວນ
…………………………………… …………………………………….
…………………………………… …………………………………….
ຫງ
…………………………………… …………………………………….
…………………………………… …………………………………….
ສະ
…………………………………… …………………………………….
ສ

ວ.
Listen to the dialogue and complete the missing information.

ສ.
1. Da: There’s a programme about wildlife on TV tonight.

Noy: Really? Then I ……………………….………….. it.
I’m doing ………… on wildlife.
2. Vong: What’s the ……………. can help in protecting the wildlife?

Sy: Lao TV …………..…………………advertisements about how
wildlife is disapprearing.
121
3. Anan: What can we do to ……………… the wildlife?
La: We ………………stop hunting endangered animals.
9. Write
Work in a group of four. Then make a list of all the things that could be done
to help conserve wildlife in Laos.
Example
People shouldn’t buy wild meat at the market.
There could be radio advertisements about the advantages of preserving the
forest.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
122
Lesson 3 Forests
In this lesson students learn about forest conservation in Laos and around the region.
1. Vocabulary
arid ແຫງ້ ແລງ້ destruction ການທ ໍາລາຍ
designate ຈ ັດສ ັນ protect ປ້ອງກ ັນ
timber ໄມທ
້ ອ
່ ນ economy ເສດຖະກິດ
plantation ເຄື່ ອງປູກ deforestation ການທ ໍາລາຍປ່າໄມ ້
ດິ
ະສ
reforestation ົ້
ການປູກຕນໄມໃຫ
້ ເ້ ປັນປ່າ established ສາ້ ງ,ຈ ັດຕງັ ້
commercial ກຽ່ ວກ ັບການຄາ້ profit ກາໄລ

ໍ

ລຂິ
ວນ
3. Listen and practice

ຫງ
Listen and repeat after the teacher. Then practice the dialogue in pairs.
ສະ
John: I’ve read from the newspaper that there is a high slash and burn
practice in the northern part of Laos.
Keo: Yes, it used to be like that. But now the government has the law
ສ
over forest protection.

ວ.
John: That’s a good deal. Cutting trees may cause natural disaster like
ສ.
flood.
Keo: I can’t agree more.
John: Is timber still the main export product for commercial purpose?
Keo: No. Now the government has control over deforestation. There is
also a reforestation plan to replant trees in the vulnerable areas.
John: Well done.
123
4. Pre-reading
Read and answer the questions.
Which areas of Laos are heavily forested?
In which parts of the world, are forests being destroyed?
Why do you think this is happening?
5. Read and answer
Twenty years ago, one third

of the total land area in Asia was
covered by green forest. These
forests were rich in thousands of
kinds of plants and animals. Now
however, because of deforestation,
many of these areas have become
arid and it’s getting worse all the
time. This has destroyed the
habitat of many rare animals and is
also a cause of natural disasters,
such as floods. To slow down the
destruction of forest, most Asian
countries have introduced laws to
protect them. Many countries have signed international agreements to
conserve their forests. Thailand, Sri Lanka and Cambodia have all designated
more than 10% of their land as protected areas. China, India, Indonesia,
Vietnam and the Philippines have all started large-scale reforestation
programs.
124
In Lao PDR, the government encourages people to protect forests and
to plant as many trees as possible. Plantations have been established to
produce timber for commercial purposes. This makes a profit for the timber
companies, provides employment for local people, and helps the Lao economy
to grow. It also reduces the need to cut timber from the natural forest.
Questions:
1. What has happened to Asian forests during the last twenty years?
_________________________________________________________
ດິ
ະສ
2. Name two bad effects of deforestation.
________________________________________________________
3. What has Sri Lanka done to protect its forests?
ລຂິ
________________________________________________________
ວນ
4. Give two good reasons for establishing timber plantations.
________________________________________________________
ຫງ
5. What did you do to protect forest?

________________________________________________________
ສະ
6. Match
Match English words with their Lao translations.
ສ
1. deforestation a . ຊຸກຍູ້
ວ.
2. reforestation b. ໂຄງການ
3. programs c. ການຕ ັດໄມທ້ ໍາລາຍປ່າ

ສ.
4. disaster d. ທາງທ ໍາມະຊາດ
5. encourage e. ການປູກໄມໃຫ
້ ເ້ ປັນປ່າ
6. commercial f. ກຽ່ ວກ ັບການຄາ້
7. natural g. ໄພພິບ ັດ
Answer: (1-c)…………………………………………………………….……
125
7. Complete
Complete these sentences by choosing suitable words from exercise 6 to fill
in the blanks.
1. Cutting too many trees can result in ___________disasters, such as floods.

2. Many countries in Asia have started reforestation ______________.
3. Most Asian countries have reduced ____________ to protect their forests.
4. In Lao PDR people are ____________ to protect forests and to plant trees.
8. Rearrange
Rearrange these words to make correct sentences.
1. encourages / to / forests / to / many / possible / protect / and / people / the /

government / trees / plant / as / as / .
________________________________________________________
2. countries / introduced / protect / have / laws / to / the / of / destruction /
forest /many/ .
________________________________________________________
3. been / plantations / established / have / to / timber / produce / for /
purposes / commercial / .
________________________________________________________
4. disappear /the may / forever / pakha / next / over / few / the / decades / .
________________________________________________________
5. children / will / say / What / our / we / to / they / when / why / are / ask / .
________________________________________________________
9. Speak
Work in a group of 4 and discuss how to protect forest and why we conserve
it.
One person from each group tells the rest of the class.
126
10. Write
Write in the space below.
How can we protect the forest?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
ດິ
ະສ
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
ລຂິ
And why do we conserve the forest?
ວນ
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
ຫງ
___________________________________________________________
ສະ
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
ສ
___________________________________________________________
ວ.
___________________________________________________________
ສ.
127
Lesson 1 Job application
1. Vocabulary
vacant position ຕາແໜ

ໍ ງ່ ຫວາ່ ງ position ຕາແໜ
ໍ ງ່
announcement ປະກາດ candidate ຜູສ
້ ະໝັກ
application ການສະໝັກ deadline ສຸດທາ້ ຍ/ປິ ດຮ ັບສະໝັກ
submit ຍື່ ນເອກະສານ experience ປະສ ົບການ
curriculum vitae (CV) ຊີວະປະຫວ ັດຫຍໍ ້ encourage ສ່ ງົ ເສີມ
English proficiency ຄອ
່ ງແຄວ
້ ດາ້ ນພາສາອ ັງກິດ


Noy: Hi, Bounmee, I haven’t seen you since graduation ceremony in
August. Have you got any job?
Bounmee: Not yet. Currently, I am still applying for vacant positions in both
public and private organizations. And how about you?
Noy: Fortunately, I have got a job as a full time supervisor at a mining
company.
Bounmee: Wow! How could you get your job so early? Do you have any
tips to recommend?
Noy: Sure, if you want to get a job easily and quickly, you need to look
for job advertising on the Internet or daily newspapers.
Bounmee: OK. After finding the job I like, how should I prepare to apply?
Noy: First, you need to look at the procedure, criteria and qualification
requirement. For example, field of study, level of education, work
experience, English proficiency, and other mentioned skills.
Bounmee: I thought I had met all requirements when I applied for many jobs
during the last three months, but I haven’t been offered any
128
positions yet. Are there any things that I should do more?
Noy: Besides that, you must attach a full curriculum vitae or CV as part
of the application. Have you attached your CV when you
submitted the application forms?
Bounmee: Yes, I have. But I am not sure what information I should include
in my CV.
Noy: Let’s go to my office. I will show you how to write a CV and to
fill the application form.
Bounmee: Thank you so much for your kind assistance.
ດິ
ະສ
Noy: You are welcome.
4. Read and write

True or False
ລຂິ
Write T for the true and F for the false statements.
ວນ
1. Noy and Bounmee haven’t seen each other since graduation
ceremony________ (T)
ຫງ
2. Bounmee has already got a job as a full time supervisor at a mining

company_________ (F) (Noy has)
ສະ
3. It is difficult to find vacant positions advertised every day________ (F)

There are many
4. Bounmee hasn’t been offered any positions yet__________ (T)
ສ
5. Bounmee hasn’t attached his CV when he submitted the application

ວ.
forms_________ (F) (He has)

6. It is necessary to look at the criteria and qualification requirement when
ສ.
applying for a job__________ (T)

7. You must attach a full curriculum vitae or CV when applying for a job.(T)
5. Read and match

Match these English phrases and words with their Lao translations.
1. Application form _____a. ສະເໜີໃຫ້
2. Kind assistance _____b. ແຕງ່ ຕງັ້
129
3. Offer _____c. ຕາແໜ ໍ ງ
່ ຫວາ່ ງ
4. Mention _____d. ຕິດຂ ັດ ຫຼື ແນບເອກະສານ
5. Attach ັ້
_____e. ຂນຕອນ
6. Work experience _____f. ແບບຟອມສະໝັກ
7. Procedure ັ ້ ເປັນຂອງລ ັດ
_____g. ອ ົງການຈ ັດຕງທີ່
8. Appoint _____h. ກາ່ ວເຖິງ
9. Public organization _____I. ການຊວ່ ຍເຫຼືອ
10. Vacant position _____j. ປະສ ົບການໃນການເຮັດວຽກ
6. Grammar note
ການໃຊ ້ Since ແລະ For ໃນປະໂຫຍກທີ່ ເປັນ Present perfect simple tense.
່ ັ ຕໍ່ ໄປນີ້
ໂຄງສາ້ ງຂອງ Present perfect simple tense ມີໂຄງສາ້ ງດງ
S+have/has+past participle+since/for
- Since: ໝາຍຄວາມວາ່ “ຕງແຕ ັ້ ”່ ໃຊພ ້ ັນລະນາເຫດການທີ່ເກີດຂຶນ
້ ຕງແຕ
ັ້ ຊ
່ ວ
່ ງເວລາໃດ
ໜຶ່ ງຕໍ່ ເນື່ ອງມາຈ ົນຮອດປະຈຸບ ັນ. ຕ ົວຢາ
່ ງ: I have worked here since 2005. ຂອ ້ ຍ
ເຮັດວຽກຢູບ ່ ອ
່ ນນີມ ັ້
້ າ ຕງແຕ່ ປີ 2005. (ໝາຍຄວາມວາ່ ປະຈຸບ ັນນີກ ້ ຍ
ໍ ັງເຮັດວຽກຢູບ່ ອ
່ ນ
່ ັ ກາ່ ວ)
ດງ
- For: ມີຄວາມໝາຍວາ່ “ເປັນເວລາ” ໃຊພ ້ ັນລະນາຈານວນເວລາ

ໍ ,້ ອາທິດ,
(ຈານວນມື
ໍ
້ ແຕຕ
ເດືອນ,, ປີ …) ທີ່ ເກີດຂຶນ ົ້ ົນຮອດປະຈຸບ ັນ.. ຕ ົວຢ່າງ:: I have worked here for
່ ນຈ
five years. ຂອ້ ຍເຮັດວຽກຢູບ ່ ອ່ ນນີເ້ ປັນເວລາ 5 ປີ ແລວ້ .

Now choose the right words from the bracket to complete these sentences.
(have, has, since, for).
1. She has studied English ……………….. five years.
2. Laos and Vietnam ………….….. been members of ASEAN for many
years.
3. The king …………... invested a lot of money to improve transportation.
4. My parents have lived in Vientiane ………………..1980.
5. …………… the end of financial crisis, the average incomes have
increased.
130
8. Read and answer
Read the curriculum vitae (European style) and answer the questions below.
Insert
Curriculum Vitae photo
here
Personal information
First name Soutchai
Surname Soulilath
Address House No:346, Unit 31, Hongkae Village,
ດິ
ະສ
Xaysettha District, Vientiane, Laos.
Telephone(s) 856 21 452480 Mobile: 856 20 55511411
E-mail Soudh02@gmail.com
Nationality Lao
Date of birth
ລຂິ 23 February 1990
ວນ
Gender Male
Desired employment / Required position: Accountant
Occupational field
ຫງ
Education and
training
Title of qualification 17/06/2008. Upper Secondary School Certificate at
ສະ
awarded Vientiane Secondary School.

07/2011 Accounting at Pakpasack Technical school
Personal skills and
competences
ສ
Mother tongue(s) Lao

ວ.
Other language(s)
Self-assessment Understanding Speaking Writing
Listening Reading Spoken Spoken
ສ.
interacti product
on ion
French Language none basic good basic average
English Language good good good good average
Computer skills and I have finished a three-month computing course.
competences
Other skills and I can play the guitar.
competences
Driving licence Driving licence categories A and B
131
1. Where does Soutchai live?
………………………………………………………………………………
2. What is his telephone number?
………………………………………………………………………………
3. What is his nationality?
………………………………………………………………………………
4. What languages can Soutchai speak?
………………………………………………………………………………
5. Can Soutchai play the guitar?
………………………………………………………………………………
6. When was Soutchai born?
………………………………………………………………………………
7. What position does Soutchai want to apply for?
………………………………………………………………………………
8. Can Soutchai drive?
………………………………………………………………………………
9. Read and write

Now read the CV above and create your own CV.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
132
Lesson 2 Fill in the form
1. Vocabulary
competence ຄວາມສາມາດ ຫຼື ເກັ່ ງ a part-time job ອາຊີບເສີມ

night shift ການເຮັດວຽກໃນຜ ັດກາງຄືນ institute ສະຖາບ ັນ
day shift ການເຮັດວຽກໃນຜ ັດກາງເວັນ available ມີໄວໃ້ ຫ,້ ສະໜອງໃຫ,້ ມີ
permanent ຖາວອນ seek ຊອກຫາ
mention ກາ່ ວເຖິງ major ວິຊາຫຼ ັກ, ສາຂາວິຊາຮຽນ
additional ເພີ່ ມເຕີມ related to ພົວພັນເຖິງ, ກຽ່ ວຂອ ້ ງ
ດິ
ສະຖານະ(ໂສດ, ແຕງ່ ງານ) title ຄ ໍານ ໍາໜາ້ ຊື່ ເຊັ່ ນ: ທາ້ ວ,ນາງ,ດຣ…
ະສ
marital status

ລຂິ
ວນ
3. Listen and Practise
ຫງ
Sunny: Could you tell me what CV stands for?

Namfonh: CV is an abbreviation form of curriculum vitae. Where do you find
ສະ
CV?
Sunny: I find it on the list of job application form and CV is part of it.
Namfonh: Are you applying for a job?
ສ
Sunny: Yeah! I am seeking a part-time job because I need to earn some

ວ.
money by myself.
ສ.
Namfonh: I think it is a good idea to start working, as we will graduate next

month.
Sunny: Could you help me writing my CV and checking my form?
Namfonh: Yes, of course. Your CV must cover three main areas, namely
personal information, educational background, and work
experience.
Sunny: What is personal information?
133
Namfonh: This first part of your CV must include title, gender, name, date of
birth, place of birth, marital status, permanent address, and other
information related to yourself.
Sunny: What should I mention about my education?
Namfonh: You must mention names of schools, college or university with the
year of completion, and your major study.
Sunny: How about work experience? Are there any things that I can
include?
Namfonh: In this part, you should talk about your last positions and the
working period. I mean when did you start working and stop
working.
Sunny: Unfortunately, I have never worked before, so there is nothing I
can include in this part.
Namfonh: I suggest that you mention your English proficiency and computer
skills which will be your advantages.
Sunny: Thanks for your advice.

Choose the words or phrases from the box to complete the job application
form below.
Luang Prabang Province Mr. single

National University of Laos 10/7/1981 55503812
Bachelor of Education 2000-2005 Male
Thongdy Luanglath Excellent Lao
6/3 Unit 1, Lanexang Avenue accountant night shift
134
VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT
10 VACANT POSITIONS
ARE NOW AVAILABLE.
FIRST COME FIRST SERVE!
CLOSING DATE 25/5/2009
Personal Information.
Title: (1)………………….…….....
Gender: (2) …………………....….
First name and family name: (3)…………………………………………
Date of birth: (4) …………………
ດິ
ະສ
Province: (5)………………...……
Marital status: (6)…..…………….
Nationality: (7)…………...………
Address: (8)………………………
ລຂິ
Telephone: (9)……………………
ວນ
Educational background
Further Education:(Vocational Education, College, University, etc.)

ຫງ
Name of institution: Certificate/Degree/Major

(10)…………………………. (11)……………………..……
ສະ
From (12):……………………..……
Computer skills: Please tick (9)

ສ
; Microsoft Word ; Excel ; PowerPoint

ວ.
;Internet/E-mail
English: Speaking (13):……………..
ສ.
Listening: … Good .
Writing:..Basic…
Reading:..Excellent…
Required position: (14)…………………………………………………
Required working time: (15)……………………………………………
Note: - Please attach your CV with a 3x4 Photo.
- Women and ethnic groups are encouraged to apply.
- English and computer skills are advantages.
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5. Read and answer
Look at the following application form and answer questions below.
Application form
Please tick (9) and fill the form with the appropriate information.
I. Personal Information.
Title: Mr Ms Mrs ; Miss Others:
Gender: Male ;Female
First name: ...Latsamy…….
Family name:.….Duangdy…….
Date of birth: _04_ /_10___/_1985_
Place of birth:… ThongkhankhamVillage, Chanthaboury District, …..

Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
Marital status: ;Single Married Divorced Others:…
Nationality: Lao
Address: Dongdok Village, Xaythany District, Vientiane Capital
Telephone: 856-21 999999.
II. Educational History
Name of elementary school: Thongkhankham Elementary School
From 1991 to 1996
Name of lower secondary school: Chaoanou Lower Secondary School

From 1996 to 1999
Name of upper secondary school: Vientiane Secondary School

From 1999 to 2002
Further Education: (Vocational Education, College, University, etc.)

Name of institution: Certificate/Degree
National University of Laos Bachelor of Engineering
From 2002 - 2007
Name of institution: Certificate/Degree

…………………………. ………………………..
From: ……………. to …………………..…
Computer skills: Please tick (9)

; Microsoft Word ; Excel ; PowerPoint ;Internet/E-
mail
English Please tick (9)
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Speaking Writing Listening Reading
Excellent 9
Good
Average 9
Basic 9 9
III. Experience.
………2007-2008 …..Worked for Lao Mining Company ….…………….…
………2008-2010……Worked for TTC Industrial Company…………….…
ດິ
ະສ
…………………………………………………………………………...…...
Questions:
1. Is Latsamy Duangdy single or married? ………………………………….
ລຂິ
2. When was she born? …………………………………………………...…
ວນ
3. Where was she born? …………………………………………………......
4. What is the name of her primary school? ……………………………...…
5. What did she do between 2002 - 2007? …………………………………..
ຫງ
6. Can she use a computer? …………………………………………...……..

ສະ
7. When did she work for Lao Mining Company? ……………………...…..

8. Where does she live? ………………………………………………..……
ສ
ວ.
ສ.
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Lessons 3 Job interview
1. Vocabulary
Interview ການສ ໍາພາດ campus ວິທະຍາເຂດ
interviewer ຜູສ
້ ໍາພາດ interviewee ຜູຖ
້ ກ
ື ສ ໍາພາດ
accept ຍອມຮ ັບ fantastic ມະຫັດສະຈ ັນ
connection ການເຊື່ ອມຕໍ່ ກ ັນ exchange rate ອ ັດຕາແລກປ່ຽນ
stock market ຕະຫຼາດຮຸນ
້ accounting ການບ ັນຊີ
competent ມີຄວາມສາມາດ, ເກັ່ ງ moral ມີສິນທ ໍາ
punctual ຕ ົງກ ັບເວລາ relevant ກຽ່ ວຂອ
້ ງ, ພົວພັນກ ັບ
trustworthy ວາງໃຈໄດ ້ appreciate ເຫັນຄຸນຄາ່
identity card ບ ັດປະຈາຕ
ໍ ົວ body language ພາສາມື, ທາ່ ທາງໜາ້ ຕາ
eye contact ການແນມຕາ panic ້ ນສ່ນ
ຕ ົກສະທາ້ ນ, ຢາ ັ


Interviewer: Good morning Thongdy. My name is John Smith. I’m the
director of this company. Could you briefly talk about your
personal information, please?
Thongdy: Good morning Mr. Smith. As you may know from my CV, my
name is Thongdy Duangdy. I am 24 years old. I am single. I
am good at mathematics, so I decided to study accounting to
work as an accountant.
Interviewer: Where do you live?
Thongdy: Currently, I live with my parents at Dongdok Village, which is
much closer to the university campus.
Interviewer: What do you like do in your free time?
Thongdy: In my free time, I like watching TV and playing the guitar.
Interviewer: Can you tell me any relationships or connection between
accounting and what you love doing in your free time?
138
Thongdy: Well, I can get a lot of daily information from watching TV like
exchange rate and information about the stock market. In
addition, music can make me happy and this can help me
calculate things better.
Interviewer: That sounds fantastic. Where did you study accounting?
Thongdy: I studied accounting at many private schools, but all of them
were short courses. However, I really finished a three-year
programme from Pakpasack Technical College.
Interviewer: Have you ever worked before?
Thongdy: No, I haven’t.
ດິ
ະສ
Interviewer: What do you think is the most important thing of being good
accountants?
Thongdy: I believe that a good accountant should be competent, honest
and moral.
Interviewer:
ລຂິ
There are many candidates who want to work for my company.
ວນ
Can you give me any reasons why I should choose you?
Thongdy: I am very punctual, hardworking and trustworthy.
Interviewer: OK, thank you for coming. My secretary will announce the
ຫງ
result shortly. Good luck.

Thongdy: Thank you very much. I will appreciate it very much if I am
ສະ
kindly considered.
4. Read and match

Match these English phrases and words with the right Lao translations.
ສ
1. self confidence ______a. ສະພາບປົກກະຕິ

ວ.
2. extra information ້
______b. ຄວາມໝັນໃຈໃນຕ ົວເອງ
3. expect ______c. ບ ັດປະຈາຕ
ໍ ົວ
ສ.
4. normal condition ______d. ກະກຽມ

5. exhausted ______e. ຜ ົນທີ່ເປັນລ ົບ
6. Pakpasack Technical College ______f. ຂໍມ້ ນູ ເພີ່ ມເຕີມ
7. identity card ______g. ເມື່ ອຍຫຼາຍ, ອອ
່ ນເພຍ
8. be prepared to accept ______h. ວິທະຍາໄລເຕັກນິກປາກປາສ ັກ
9. being positive ______i. ຄິດແຕໃ່ ນແງດີ່
10 negative result ______j. ຄາດຄະເນ, ຄາດໝາຍ
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5. Grammar note
Quantifiers: much, many, a little (of), a few, a lot (of)
How much/much/a little ໃຊກ້ ັບຄ ໍານາມທີ່ນ ັບບໍ່ໄດ ້ (Uncountable noun)

Ex: A. How much water do you drink?
B. I drink a little of water, not much.
How many/many/a few ໃຊກ້ ັບຄ ໍານາມທີ່ນ ັບໄດ(້ Countable noun)
Ex: A. How many litres of water do you drink per day?
B. I drink a few litres.
a lot ສາມາດໃຊໄ້ ດກ້ ັບຄ ໍານາມທີ່ນ ັບໄດ ້ ແລະ ນ ັບບໍ່ໄດ ້
Ex: A. I drink a lot of water and I sing a lot of Lao songs.
6. Choose
Complete the sentences below with the right words/phrases from the brackets.
(how much, how many, much, many, a little, a few)
1. ……………….subjects do you have to study this year?
2. I could answer only……………….questions during my interview.
3. ……………….money do you need?
4. The interviewers asked me…………………personal information. It was
very short.
5. ……………….students cannot pass the examination this semester.
6. I don’t expect…………….. from my interview because I didn’t answer all
questions.
7. Read and answer

Tips for interviews
When you apply for a job, it is important to keep in mind that in
interviews, application forms and curriculum vitae are equally important in the
selection process. A job interview is normally the last stage of the selection
process and only short-listed candidates are invited to have an interview.
Candidates who are contacted for the interviews need to be prepared in order
to do well during the interview.
Here are some tips and general practice that should be applied during
the interview. An interview always begins with the greeting session, which
normally takes approximately ten seconds. Then it is time for either
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interviewers or interviewees to briefly introduce themselves. After the
greeting and the introduction, is usually the main part of the interview. This
third part is the most important, which normally covers educational
background, work experience, and other relevant issues related to the
information within the CV and application form. It is crucial to prepare
answering “WH questions” like what, when, where, why, who, which and
how. For example, what did you do in your previous organization? What was
your last salary? What salary do you propose if you work in our company? etc.
In order to answer well, the candidates should answer the same and relevant
information as it has been filled in the application form and CV.
ດິ
ະສ
There are many other things that candidates need to remember before
going to the interview. Firstly, candidates should dress appropriately because
dressing well and looking good can impress the interviewers. Secondly, it is
important to keep eye contact with them during the interview. Another last
ລຂິ
important thing to note is that you need to apply for jobs in many different
ວນ
organizations at the same time. The reason is that you will have more chances
to get a job if you apply for more than one organization.
ຫງ
Questions:
1. What do you need to keep in mind when you apply for a job?
ສະ
……………………………………………………………………………..
2. How long does a greeting take?
……………………………………………………………………………..
ສ
3. What types of questions does the interviewee need to prepare for

answering?
ວ.
………………………………………………………………….…………
ສ.
4. What should interviewees do in order to answer well during the interview?

…………………………………………………………………..………..
5. What can impress the interviewers?
………………………………………………………………..……………
6. Who are invited to the interview?
………………………………………………………………………..……
7. What is the second part of the interview?
……………………………………………………………………………..
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8. Why do you need to apply for jobs in many different organizations at the
same time?
…………………………………………………………………………….
8. Write
Arrange the words or phrases from the box to its right sequence.
contacted diploma
personal information introduce
education and training short-listed candidates
read vacancy announcement
Job seeking strategy photograph
deadline greeting
work experience/personal skill
Step 1. How to get the information about vacant position.

1. find newspaper and ……………………………………..………..
Step 2. Curriculum Vitae consists of three main parts:
2. First part …………………………………………………...……..
3. Second part ………………………………………………..….….
4. Third part …………………………………………………..…….
Step 3. Submitting documents.
5. Application form with two pieces of 4x6 …………………...……
6. Copies of certificates and …………………………………….……
7. Submit all required documents before the…………………..….…
Step 4. Interview session.

8. Only …………………… are invited for an interview.
9. After ….greeting,……. you need to ……………… yourself.
Step 5. Notice/Result.
10. If you are offered a job you, will be ……….....…shortly after the
interview.
142
Review Unit 1-5
In this unit students will review Unit 7-10 to improve their language skills.
Fill in the blanks with the missing words
My family lives in the (1) …………. about150 kilometers from
ດິ
ະສ
Vientiane Capital. My village is (2) …………. on the 13th north road, which is
surrounded by mountains and rivers. The weather of my village is (3)
………….. Early in the morning, villagers can feel fresh air, which makes
ລຂິ
them very fresh to work on their (4) ………….. Every day, a number of local
ວນ
and foreign visitors visit my village. They enjoy going to the mountains and
swimming in the rivers. In fact, my village is the (5) …………. tourist
ຫງ
destination in Lao PDR.

ສະ
2. Match the words with their suitable Lao interpretations.

Write the correct number in front of the suitable Lao interpretation.
1 environment ____a. ຍາ້ ຍໄປເຮັດວຽກຢູບ
່ ອ່ ນອື່ ນ
ສ
____b. ປະກາດຫາຄ ົນມາເຮັດວຽກຊວ່ ຍ

ວ.
2 asphalt
3 noxious fume ____c. ຊຸມຊ ົນ ແລະ ປາ່ ທ ໍາມະຊາດ

ສ.
4 natural resource ____d. ຮ ັກສາໃຫມ້ ຢີ ຕ

ູ່ ະຫຼອດໄປ
5 rehabilitation ____e. ສ ົມບ ັດທີ່ຫາໄດຕ້ າມທ ໍາມະຊາດ
6 sustainable ____f. ລ ົດແລນ ີ້ ນ

່ ບໍ່ ມີຂຝ ຸ່
7 emigrate ____g. ຫາຍໃຈເອົາຫຼາຍລະວິນຫົວ
8 announcement ____h. ເຮັດໃຫຄ

້ ືນສູປ
່ ກ
ົ ກະຕິ
143
3. Rearrange
Rearrange the words in italic in these sentences in correct order.
1. People / to big cities / come / because/ very easy / they find it / to get good
earning /opportunities / in these populous cities.
2. Most people/ in our world/ that it is better / believe / to live/ in big cities
than in villages / small.
3. When there / a landslide / was, a lot of/ people/ homeless / were.
4. The knowledge of traditions that / passed down / been / had /from
generations to generations
5. Currently, I / vacant potions / still applying for / am /in both public and
private sectors.
4. Write
Make sentences with the words given
1. believe:…………………………………………………………………….
2. ignore:………………………………………………………….…………..
3. living condition:……………………………………………………………
4. hidden wisdom:……………………………………………………….……
5. sustainable:…………………………………………………………..……..
5. Conversation
Conversation: Fill in the missing words and practise it.
Two friends are talking about the population growth in Laos after their
geography lesson in the library.
A: How do you understand the ……… of population growth in our country?

B: I think it will increase gradually, although the ………….. has launched a
family plan nationwide.
A: How can we do to ………. the growth rate of the population?
144
B: I think the family ……….... can help mitigate the growth at a certain level.
However, if we need to control the growth …….…., we have to provide
education for all our citizens.
A: Why do you think education can help ……..… the growth?
B: Because people who have ………….. education can make their plans
appropriate for their own economics. Importantly, they don’t need free
labour from their family members.
A: I see. So education for all will help reduce the ………..……. growth of
ດິ
ະສ
Laos and other countries.
B: Sure. Only education can ……..… ..
6. Grammar note
ລຂິ
1. Adjective comparative “…..er-ier than……..”, which use with one or two
ວນ
syllable adjectives and use ….is/are more…. than…… with three syllable
adjectives. Also there are some exceptional adjectives that do not follow
ຫງ
these rules.
Put the right comparative adjectives given in the following sentences.
ສະ
a. This exercise is (easy)…………………………….…the previous one.

b. My brother is (strong)……………………………….me.
ສ
c. Toyota is (expensive)…………………………..……Hyundai.
ວ.
d. He behaves (bad)…………………………………….his younger brother.

e. Miss Somphone is (beautiful)……………….………miss Anong.
ສ.
2. The passive form/voice (future and present perfect).

Put correct passive forms to complete the following sentences.
a. The Lao PDR. (be)……………….a member of ASEAN since 1997.
b. The High Speed Train Rail (build) ….... through Laos in few years’ time.
c. Most of Lao natural resources (exploit)……………after the government
opened the country to foreign investors.
145
d. In the near future, Lao natural resources (deplete)………………..if the
government has no proper natural resource management.
e. By the end of 2015, the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)
(establish).
3. Modal verbs (must, mustn’t and don’t have to)
Put the right modal verbs given in the following sentences.
a. In Laos, people …………….…..…..touch a monk’s head. It is
prohibited.
b. Children ………………………....…sit lower than older people.
c. In Laos, men and women…………………...…….kiss in public.
d. Women …………………………….…sit far away from monks.
e. When entering Thailand, Lao people…………………..get visas.
4. How to use (since and for)
Put (since or for) to complete the following sentences.
a. I have been studying English …..……. four years.
b. I have been speaking English………..I should in FaNgum High School.
c. Laos has been a member of ASEAN …………. 23rd July, 1997.
d. The Lao PDR. was established ….... forty years on 2nd December, 2015.
e. She has been married to her husband …………… she was twenty four
years old.
5. Conjunctions (and, or, but, so, although)
Choose the correct conjunction to join two clauses to make a
compound sentence.
- Use and to join two similar clauses, to join a noun with a noun to join
a verb with a verb, or a series of nouns or verbs.
- Use or when there are two choices or more to choose one thing.
- Use but to join two clauses with opposite or different ideas.
- Use so to join two clauses with the cause and the result.
146
- Use although to join two clauses with opposite or different idea like but.
a. I drive my car from my house, ……..….… I stop to pick up my friend.
b. This weekend, I will go to visit my parents…….I will go on a picnic
with my friends.
c. My friend invited me to her party…….I needed to welcome my friends
from the United States.
d. In Phongsaly, the weather is too cold…….I have to take my warm
clothes if I go there.
ດິ
ະສ
e. I always give her a souvenir………….she does not like me.

The objective is to allow students listen to the text and remember the missing
ລຂິ
words to fill in the blanks.
ວນ
Listening 1:
Wildlife in Laos
ຫງ
Primates ກຸມ່ ສດັ ທີ່ ສະຫຼາດເປັນຕນົ້ ຊ້າງ…, macaque ລີງຂາແດງ, leaf monkey ລິງລົມ,
ສະ
ລິງກິນໃບໃມ,້ Douc Langurg ລີງ ທະນີ ທີ່ ມີຂ ົນຕາມໜ້າ. Saola ໂຕເສົ າຫຼາ, antelope-
like creature ສດັ ປະເພດກວາງ, ຟານ, ເຍືອງ, ຊາຍ, ອງົ , ມງ່ ັ , muntjacs ກວາງໃນເຂດ
ອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສ່ຽງໃຕ້, Kha-nyou ໜູກະຍຸ, porcupines ເໝັ ້ ນ
ສ
ວ.
Laos is a small country, but it is home to over one hundred

(1)………..of large mammals such as Tiger, Asian Elephant and Gaur (a
ສ.
species of wild cattle). Laos is also home to an impressive (2)… ………. of

primates including five species of gibbon, five species of macaque and fours
species of leaf monkey including the incredibly beautiful Douc Langur.
In recent years, Laos has received international attention after the

(3)…………… of an incredible (4)…………of species new to science. These
147
recent discoveries include the Saola, a strange and beautiful (5)………..
dwelling antelope-like creature, an incredible diversity of small deer species
known as muntjacs, a small striped rabbit and a completely new
(6)…………of rodent known locally as the Kha-nyou and closely
(7)………….. to porcupines.
In addition to mammals, Lao (8)………….. over 165 species of

amphibians and reptiles, including species (9)……….. as the Rock and
Burmese Pythons, King Cobras and the large and noisy Tokay Gecko (Gekko
gecko) a formidable resident of many Lao houses.
Indeed, opportunities to view this incredible diversity of wildlife are

steadily growing. The increase in ecotourism and traveler interest in viewing
wildlife now provides positive incomes for (10)……. to conserve many of
these species.
Listening 2:
ASEAN Cultures
People of ASEAN (1)……….….. countries have a diversity of cultures.

They practise many (2)………….. religions, but they respect others’ beliefs.
The (3)……….….. of ASEAN is “one vision, one identity, one community”.
This slogan implies itself a (4)…………….. in a variety. Many religions are
practised by ASEAN people ranking from Buddhism, Christianity, Islam,
Muslim, and Animism. Their traditions are different (5)…………… to their
religions for examples: Buddhism has a Buddhist lent, Muslim has a
Ramadan, and Christianity has thanks giving (6)………...…… and Baathist.
The culture is also identified by their traditional suits. Each different country
has its own style of clothing. This fills significant (7)……………. mixtures.
People of individual country wear their (8)……………..…. suits on the
148
special religious events or formal reception. In ASEAN member countries,
people have different skills in producing their textiles.
Now ASEAN Foundation tries to (9)………...…… people in the region

preserve their own traditions and develop their (10)………..……. products in
a sustainable manner. ASEAN people are very proud of their own cultures,
which form a colourful mixture in their unity.
8. Read and answer
ດິ
ະສ
Economic Development
In most countries in the world, governments have made their economic
ລຂິ
plans to bring their countries out of poverty and provide happy lives for their
ວນ
people. In Laos, the government shifted economic policy from a central
planned economy to a market oriented economy in 1986. In conjunction with
ຫງ
the new policy, the government also opened the door to welcome foreign
investors. Since then the private sector has played important roles in the
ສະ
growth of Lao economy. Foreign investment has increased in multiple of

service and manufacturing sectors. A number of banks and tourist agencies
ສ
have been established in big cities throughout Laos. The number of garment
ວ.
factories has increased rapidly since the labour cost in Laos is lower than in
other countries in the region. As Laos is a landlocked country with 60% of
ສ.
land as mountains. This provides sources of water for hydropower dams. The
Lao government takes this special geographical formation of the land to invest
in hydropower dams for local consumption and exportation to neighbouring
countries. Now the exportation of electricity has become the major revenue of
the Lao government. As a result, the growth rate of Lao economy has
increased gradually. According to the World Bank, the average growth rate of
149
Lao economy is 7% a year. However, the economic growth has aligned with
the destruction of the environment; every government should consider the
losses and the gains before making a decision to invest in economic
development.
Question:
1. Why do most governments in the world make their economic plans?

…………………………………………………………………………..
2. What policy did the Lao government shift from?
…………………………………………………………………………..
3. What did the Lao government do in conjunction with its new policy?
…………………………………………………………………………..
4. Which sector has played major roles under the new policy?
…………………………………………………………………………..
5. What does the Lao government do to benefit from the special geographical
formation of its country?
…………………………………………………………………………..
150
Irregular verbs
Infinitive Past tense Past participle

be was/were been
become became became
begin began begun
bend bent bent
bite bit bitten
blow blew blown
ດິ
ະສ
break broke broken
bring brought brought
build built built
burn
buy ລຂິ
burnt
bought
burnt
bought
ວນ
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
ຫງ
cost cost cost

cut cut cut
ສະ
dig dug dug

do did done
draw drew drawn
ສ
drink drank drunk

ວ.
drive drove driven

eat ate eaten
ສ.
fall fell fallen

feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
151
forget forgot forgotten
get got got (or gotten)
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
learn learnt learnt
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
152
send sent sent
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
show showed shown
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
ດິ
ະສ
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
stand stood stood
steal
sweep
stole
swept ລຂິ stolen
swept
ວນ
swim swam swum
take took taken
ຫງ
teach taught taught

tell told told
ສະ
think thought thought

throw threw thrown
understand understood understood
ສ
wake woke woken

ວ.
wear wore worn

weave wove woven
ສ.
win won won

write wrote written
153
Bibliography
- Gammidge, M. Grammar Work- Teacher’s Book 2. Cambridge

University Press, 1998.
- Gammidge, M. Grammar Work- Teacher’s Book 1. Cambridge
University Press, 1998.
- Gammidge, M. Grammar Work- Student’s Book 1. Cambridge University
Press, 1998.
- Vale, D. Heinemann, M. Picture Grammar for children 1, Topic based,
Grammar Practice, English Language Teaching, Oxford, 1998.
- Vale, D. Heinemann, M. Picture Grammar for children 2, Topic based,
Grammar Practice, English Language Teaching, Oxford, 1998.
- Seidl, J. Grammar ONE, Oxford University Press, 1998.
- Liz & Soars, J. New Headway Beginner Student’s Book, Oxford
University Press, 2006
- Oxenden, C. Latham-Koenig, C. and Seligson,P. New English File-
Elementary Student’s Book 2006.
- Steven J. Bill Biss, M with Graham,C. Side by Side, Activity workbook 1,
third edition, 2001.
- Wiggins G. and McTighe J. Understanding by Design, Overview of UBD
& The Design Template, 2003 ASCD.
154

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English for Lao Secondary Schools M7

Managing Editors: Khamphanh PHIMSIPASOM

Editor in chief: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bouasavanh KEOVILAY

Design and Layout: Khonesavanh CHANTHAVIXAY

Ministry of Education and Sports

ູ ການສຶກສາຈາກລະບ ົບ 11 ປີ ຫາ 12 ປີ ຮຽນ.. ເພື່ ອປະຕິບ ັດນະໂຍບາຍດງ່ ັ ກາ່ ວໃຫປ

ຜ ົນ. ໃນປຶ້ ມຄູມ

ີ ື້ ມປຶ້ ມແບບຮຽນສະບ ັບນີໄ້ ດສ

Viengkham PHONPRASEUTH Research Institute for Educational Sciences

Khamphanh PHIMSIPASOM Research Institute for Educational Sciences

Manoly DONGVAN Research Institute for Educational Sciences

Ammaly ALATHEP Research Institute for Educational Sciences

Khonesavanh CHANTHAVIXAY Research Institute for Educational Sciences

Viengkham SINGVONGSA Research Institute for Educational Sciences

Vongmani SITHA Research Institute for Educational Sciences

Manivone PHAXAYAVONG Vientiane Secondary School

A special thanks to the following teachers for their contribution to improvement of

Chanpheng THONPASONG Phonesavanh Secondary School (Champasack)

Yangchangthao HOUAVA Phonsavath Secondary School (Xaysomboun)

Chansamone OUDOMSITH Provincial Secondary School (Luang Namtha)

Phouthsady PHISITH Phanhluang Secondary School (Luang Phrabang)

Unit 3 Holidays ............................................................................................ 31

Lesson 2 Holiday plans .................................................................... 36

Unit 4 Geography ......................................................................................... 46

Lesson 1 Laos ................................................................................... 46

Lesson 3 Tourist sites ....................................................................... 56

2. Listen and repeat

3. Listen and practise

Manotham is attending a Young Scientists Conference in Malaysia.

Manotham: Hello, my name is Manotham. I’m from Laos.

4. Read and answer

7. Read and answer

General education in Laos

General education in Laos consists of pre-school, primary school and

five years. Primary education is compulsory in Laos. After finishing primary

1. Why do children go to pre-school?

8. Listen and complete

for a particular job.

Example: I started primary school when I was six years old.

analyse ວິເຄາະ canteen ຫອ

2. Listen and repeat

3. Listen and practise

4. Read and answer

1. Bouth and Teng are students. __________

2. It’ s difficult for Teng to analyse statistics. __________

3. Bouth wasn’t good at maths. __________

4. Teng liked to study French. __________

5. Teng wishes he had studied French harder. __________

6. Bouth’s favorite subject was maths. __________

7. Bouth asked Teng for help. __________

I wish I had studied harder. ຂອ້ ຍເສຍດາຍທີ່ ບໍ່ ໍໄດຕ້ ງໃຈຮຽນ

(a) An international school (b) A Lao school

maths. The international students spend nearly a quarter of their time on

2. What does chart (b) show?

Is this statement true or false?

Aloundeth Primary School timetable

interpreter ນາຍແປພາສາ announcement ປະກາດ

graduate ຈ ົບການສຶກສາ proud ພາກພູມໃຈ

closing ceremony ພິທີປິດ enclose ຂ ັດຕິດມາພອ

Faculty of Education ຄະນະສຶກສາສາດ chance ໂອກາດ

application form ຄ ໍາຮອ

advertisement ປະກາດ/ໂຄສະນາ overseas ຕາ່ ງປະເທດ