Raiza T.

Cuevas
11- abm orion

Basketball
A.Description

Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one
another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball through the
defender's hoop while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop.
B. History
The game of basketball as it is known today was created by Dr. James Naismith in December 1891 in
Springfield, Massachusetts, to condition young athletes during cold months. The objective of the game was to
throw the basketball into the fruit baskets nailed to the lower railing of the gym balcony.
C. Equipments
The only essential equipment in a basketball game is the ball and the court: a flat, rectangular surface
with baskets at opposite ends. Competitive levels require the use of more equipment such as clocks, score
sheets, scoreboard(s), alternating possession arrows, and whistle-operated stop-clock systems.
D. Positions
There are five positions in basketball. These positions are employed by all organized/unorganized
basketball teams. They are defined as the point guard (PG), the shooting guard (SG), the small forward (SF), the
power forward (PF), and the center (C).
The point guard is the de facto leader of the team on the court. This position requires substantial ball-
handling skills and the ability to facilitate the team during a play. The shooting guard, as the name implies, is
often the best shooter. As well as being capable of shooting accurately from longer distances, this position tends
to also be the best defender on the team. The small forward often has an aggressive approach to the basket when
handling the ball. The small forward is also known to make cuts to the basket in efforts to get open for shots.
The power forward and the center are usually called the "front-court", often acting as their team's primary
rebounders or shot blockers, or receiving passes to take inside shots. The center is typically the larger of the
two. Historically, only three positions were recognized (two guards, two forwards, and one center) based on
where they played on the court: Guards generally played outside and away from the hoop and forwards played
outside and near the baseline, with the center usually positioned in the key. During the 1980s, the team strategy
evolved after the three-point shot was added to the game. More specialized roles developed, resulting in the five
position designations used today. However, individual team strategy and availability of personnel can alter the
positions used by a particular team. For example, the dribble-drive motion offense and the Princeton offense use
four interchangeable guards and one center. This set is also known as a "four-in and one-out" play scheme.
Other combinations are also prevalent. Besides the five basic positions, some teams use non-standard or hybrid
positions, such as the point forward, a hybrid small forward/point guard; the swingman, a hybrid small
forward/shooting guard; the big, a hybrid power forward/center; and the stretch four, a power forward with the
shooting range of typical shooting guards. In the early days of the sport, there was a "running guard" who
brought the ball up the court and passed or attacked the basket, like a point or combo guard. There was also a
"stationary guard" who made long shots and hung back on defense before there was the rule of backcourt
violations.

PG or Point guard
The point guard (PG), known as the one, is typically the team's best ball handler and passer. They
usually are very fast and are good at driving and short-range. Therefore, they often lead their team in assists and
are able to create shots for themselves and their teammates. They are quick and are able to hit shots either
outside the key but a majority are inside the 3 point line or layups, largely depending on the player's skill level.
Point guards are looked upon as the "floor general" or the "coach on the floor". They should study the game and
game film to be able to recognize the weaknesses of the defense, and the strengths of their own offense. They
are responsible for directing plays, making the position equivalent to that of quarterback in American football,
playmaker in association football (soccer), center in ice hockey, or setter in volleyball. Good point guards
increase team efficiency and generally have a high number of assists. They are often referred to as dribblers or
play-makers. In the NBA, point guards are usually the shortest players on the team and are mostly between 5
feet 9.5 inches (1.77 m) and 6 feet 4.25 inches (1.94 m).

SG or Shooting guard
The shooting guard (SG) is also known as the two or the off guard. Along with the small forward, a
shooting guard is often referred to as a wing because of its use in common positioning tactics. As the name
suggests, most shooting guards are prolific from the three-point range and long mid range. Some key aspects to
being a shooting guard is having the ability to patiently and methodically circulate the three point line linear
with that of the ball. This allows the ability to correctly get in open space for other positions handling the ball.
"I tell basketball players I work with that they aren't open if they can't receive the ball. That means that just
because you don't have someone within 10 feet of you doesn't mean you're open. In order to be open, learn to
make yourself available to the basketball. That doesn't mean you have to be close to the basketball, but rather
you have to have space to move into in order to receive the basketball." (who says this?) Just like all positions
in basketball, the ability to communicate efficiently with teammates is key. If a players teammates do not know
where/when a player will be open, they won't be able to deliver the ball when an efficient opportunity presents
itself. "When you go into grab a quick meal at McDonalds you don't have the cashier guess what your order is
do you? No, of course not! You tell them what you want. As a shooting guard you have to be the same way."
Besides being able to shoot the ball, shooting guards tend to be the best defender on the team, as well as being
able to move without the ball to create open looks for themselves. Some shooting guards also have good ball
handling skills, often creating their own shots off the dribble. A versatile shooting guard will have good passing
skills, allowing them to assume point guard responsibilities known as combo guards. Bigger shooting guards
also tend to play as small forwards. In the NBA, shooting guards usually range from 6 feet 0.75 inches (1.85 m)
to 6 feet 7 inches (2.01 m).

SF or Small forward
The small forward (SF), also known as the three, is considered to be the most versatile of the main five
basketball positions. "Though they're not the primary ball handler, small forwards need dribbling skills. Though
they're not expected to be great post players, they need to be able to post up. Though they're often not the top
scoring option, they need to be able to score." Versatility is key for small forwards because of the nature of their
role, which resembles that of a shooting guard more often than that of a power forward. This is why the small
forward and shooting guard positions are often interchangeable and referred to as wings. Small forwards have a
variety of assets, such as quickness and strength inside. One common thread among all kinds of small forwards
is an ability to "get to the line" and draw fouls by aggressively attempting (post-up) plays, lay-ups, or slam
dunks. As such, accurate foul shooting is a common skill for small forwards, many of whom record a large
portion of their points from the foul line. Besides being able to drive to the basket, they are also good shooters
from long range. They are the second-best 3 point shooters on the court along with the shooting guard and
usually when stationary, sit just inside the 3 point line. Some small forwards have good passing skills, allowing
them to assume point guard responsibilities as point forwards. Small forwards should be able to do a little bit of
everything on the court, typically playing roles such as swing men and defensive specialists. A smaller small
forward under 6 feet 5 inches (1.96 m) might play the shooting guard position some of the time and a bigger
small forward above the height of 6 feet 7 inches (2.01 m) might play power forward sometimes. In the NBA,
small forwards usually range from 6 feet 3.5 inches (1.92 m) to 6 feet 8.25 inches (2.04 m).

PF or Power forward (basketball)

The power forward (PF), also known as the four, often plays a role similar to that of the center, down in
the "post" or "low blocks." The power forward is often the team's most powerful and dependent scorer, being
able to score close to the basket while also being able to shoot mid-range jump shots from 10 - 15 feet from the
basket. Some power forwards have become known as stretch fours, since extending their shooting range to
three-pointers. On defense, they are required to have the strength to guard bigger players close to the basket and
to have the athleticism to guard quick players away from the basket. Most power forwards tend to be more
versatile than centers since they can be part of plays and are not always in the low block. A tall power forward
above 6 feet 10 inches (2.08 m) can be a Forward-Center, playing PF and C. A smaller power forward 6 feet 7
inches (2.01 m) can play combo forward, playing SF part-time. In the NBA, power forwards usually range from
6 feet 5.5 inches (1.97 m) to 6 feet 10.25 inches (2.09 m) without shoes.

C or Center (basketball)
The center (C), also known as the five, usually plays near the baseline or close to the basket (the "low
post"). They are usually the tallest players on the floor. The center usually scores "down low," or "in the paint"
(near the basket, in the key), but some can be good perimeter shooters. They are typically skilled at gathering
rebounds, contesting shots and setting screens on players. The center position has been traditionally considered
one of the most important positions, if not the most important. The range of players used in the position has
transitioned from relatively slower but much taller "back to the basket" players to players who would normally
be classified as power forwards but can dominate the position with their defensive skills, or mismatch ability to
shoot from the high post. This has been due to the scarcity of players possessing the combination of great skill,
ideal height, and durability. This has been matched by the development of more fast-paced and athletic
basketball play, which calls for less traditional center play and a more up-and-down the court play style. They
are usually above 6 feet 10 inches (2.08 m).

E. Types of Shooting
Here are a few commonly used types of shooting in basketball.
1. Jump Shot
A jump shot is most frequently used for a mid to long-range shots, including shooting beyond the arc.
To achieve balance when facing the basket for a jump shot, you have to take a wide stance, usually, shoulder
width apart, bend your knees and square your shoulders. Make a fluid, explosive upward leap and at the apex of
the jump, follow through by shooting the ball. When the ball is released at the apex of the jump shot, keep your
elbows straight to ensure that it is pointed in the direction of the basket. Concentrate on the flicking of your
wrist and holding it in position to provide the ball with momentum and spin.
2. Hook Shot
A hook shot is when the shot is made while your body is not directly facing the basket. To execute a
shoot shot, you need to face the basket sideways so that your shooting hand dribbling the ball is facing away
from the basket. This is also the stance to help guard the ball against your opponent. This makes it difficult for
your opponent to try to block the shot due to the distance created between you and your defender. To make the
shot, jump with your left foot pushing off the ground if you’re making a right-handed shot or vice versa. The
shooting arm should be slightly bent, and it should thrust upwards as the ball is lobbed with a flick of the wrist.
The hook shot is a staple of many players in the National Basketball Association, including notable stars such as
George Mikan, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Magic Johnson, and Yao Ming.
3. Bank Shot
A bank shot is when any shot made where the ball hits the backboard before heading into the net. To
execute a bank shot, treat it as though you’re taking a jump shot but this time, aim slightly higher by shooting
for the backboard. Jumping higher can also sometimes mean jumping slightly backwards when aiming for the
basket to prevent defenders from blocking the shot. The ball should not be hitting the rim too much after
bouncing off the backboard. The ball should then bounce off the backboard and into the net.
4. Free Throw
A free throw is a shot attempt given to a player that was fouled and it is taken on the free throw line. The
player must stay behind the free throw line when taking the shot. Before attempting to shoot, one must maintain
their balance. Find the nail or dot in the middle of the free throw line and line your shooting foot against it. For
right-handed shooters, the shooting foot will be the right foot and vice versa. Your elbow on your shooting hand
must be lined up to make an “L” right under the ball with fingers spread out for the backspin. Aim for the back
of the rim with your eyes focusing on the rims, do not look at the ball while you execute the shot. Follow
through your shot by keeping your hands up in the air for a second or two after releasing the ball.
5. Layup
A layup is a shot made from short range by a player moving towards the basket. Usually utilising the
backboard if he approaches the hoop from an angle. This is also one of the most basic and common way of
scoring a basket in the game. To execute a layup, dribble the ball towards the basket. If you’re on the right
flank, dribble the ball with your right hand. At the three-point line, or within two metres from the basket, take
two giant strides towards the hoop and attempt to score by throwing the ball at the top corner of the backboard
or lay the ball gently into the basket.
6. Slam Dunk
The dunk is usually the most spectacular shot and is one of the toughest feats in basketball. It usually
requires more jumping ability than shooting skills. To execute a slam dunk, dribble and charge towards the
hoop when ready to execute the dunk. Jump explosively to get as high as possible and leap towards the hoop.
Lift the ball above the rim and push or slam it forcefully through the rim. Most people jump off one foot, but
you might find that you can jump higher off both feet. So there you have it, six ways of scoring in basketball.
Start practicing and perhaps find out which way works for your best, depending on your role and position in the
team.

F. Rules
The rules of basketball can vary slightly depending on the level of play (for example professional rules
differ from college rules) or where the game is played (international rules are different from USA professional
rules). These rule differences, however, are usually just variations on the basic game of basketball and the
majority of the rules discussed below can be applied to most any game of basketball played. The winner of a
basketball game is the team with the most points. You get points by throwing the basketball through the
opponent's hoop or basket. In regular play a basket made from within the three point line is worth 2 points and a
basket shot from outside the three point line is worth three points. When shooting a free throw, each free throw
is worth 1 point.

Rules for the offense

The basketball team on offense is the team with the basketball. When a player has the basketball there
are certain rules they must follow:
1) The player must bounce, or dribble, the ball with one hand while moving both feet. If, at any time, both
hands touch the ball or the player stops dribbling, the player must only move one foot. The foot that is
stationary is called the pivot foot.
2) The basketball player can only take one turn at dribbling. In other words, once a player has stopped dribbling
they cannot start another dribble. A player who starts dribbling again is called for a double-dribbling violation
and looses the basketball to the other team. A player can only start another dribble after another player from
either team touches or gains control of the basketball. This is usually after a shot or pass.
3) The ball must stay in bounds. If the offensive team looses the ball out of bounds the other team gets control
of the basketball.
4) The players hand must be on top of the ball while dribbling. If they touch the bottom of the basketball while
dribbling and continue to dribble this is called carrying the ball and the player will lose the ball to the other
team.
5) Once the offensive team crosses half court, they may not go back into the backcourt. This is called a
backcourt violation. If the defensive team knocks the ball into the backcourt, then the offensive team can
recover the ball legally.
Defensive Rules
The team on defense is the team without the basketball.
1) The main rule for the defensive player is not to foul. A foul is described as gaining an unfair advantage
through physical contact. There is some interpretation that has to be made by the referee, but, in general, the
defensive player may not touch the offensive player in a way that causes the offensive player to lose the ball or
miss a shot. Rules for everyone 1) Although the foul rule is described above as a defensive rule, it applies
exactly the same to all players on the court including offensive players.
2) Basketball players cannot kick the ball or hit it with their fist.
3) No player can touch the basketball while it is traveling downward towards the basket or if it is on the rim.
This is called goaltending. (touching the ball on the rim is legal in some games). Every player on the court is
subject to the same rules regardless of the position they play. The positions in basketball are just for team
basketball strategy and there are no positions in the rules.