Calculating Seismic Design

Calculating the Seismic Design Force and Seismic Base Shear for a Reinforced Concr...
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Calculating the Seismic Design Force

and Seismic Base Shear for a
Reinforced Concrete Building
Structure
May 15, 2017 Abdul Siraj, P.E.
In this post, I will go over the first seismic design example in our seismic design of
structures course covering the calculation of seismic forces. The goal of this
structural seismic design example is to calculate the seismic design force and
seismic base shear for a reinforced concrete building structure. We will use the
equivalent lateral force procedure.
Problem Description
The problem statement states,
Compute the design seismic force and seismic shear force for a structure given
the following information:
Building Material – Reinforced Concrete

Nature of Building Occupancy – Adult education facility
Basic Seismic Force Resisting System – Special moment-resisting frame
Number of Stories – 6
Story Heights – 12 ft (all stories)
Story Weights – 1600 Kips
Seismic Risk – High
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Calculating the Seismic Design Force and Seismic Base Shear for a Reinforced Concr... Page 2 of 20
– 1.5g
Mapped maximum considered earthquake spectral response accelerations
for 1-second period, S1 – 0.6g
Also check the lateral deformation of the structure.
The elastic lateral deflection at each floor level under seismic lateral forces was
obtained from a static elastic analysis based upon the calculated design seismic
force and is also presented below.
05:15
07:10
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Step 1 – Identify the Risk Category and Seismic Importance

Factor
The first step is to identify the risk category and seismic importance factor of the
reinforced concrete building. The risk category is based on Section 1604.5 of the
International Building Code (IBC) 2012. The title of Table 1604.5 is “Risk Category
of Buildings and Other Structures”. The risk category of the reinforced concrete
building in our example is three. The seismic importance factor, Ie, can be found in
Table 1.5-2 of ASCE 7-10 and is equal to 1.25.
Step 2 – Find the Site Coefficients
The second step is to find the site coefficients, Fa and Fv. The site coefficients, Fa
and Fv, can be found from Tables 1613.3.3(1) and 1613.3.3(2) of the International
Building Code (IBC) 2012 respectively. Table 1613.3.3(1) requires knowing the site
class of the structural building location and the mapped spectral response
acceleration at short periods, SS. Table 1613.3.3(2) requires knowing the site class
of the structural building location and the mapped spectral response acceleration
at 1-second period, S1.
Calculating the Seismic Design Force and Seismic Base Shear for a Reinforced Con... Page 10 of 20
Step 3 – Compute SMS
The third step is to compute the mapped maximum considered earthquake

spectral response acceleration for short periods adjusted for site class effect, SMS.
According to Equation 16-37 of the International Building Code (IBC) 2012, it is
equal to the site coefficient, Fa, multiplied by the mapped maximum considered
earthquake spectral response acceleration for short periods, SS.
Step 4 – Compute SM1
The fourth step is to compute the mapped maximum considered earthquake

spectral response acceleration for 1-second period adjusted for site class effect,
SM1. According to Equation 16-38 of the International Building Code (IBC) 2012, it is
equal to the site coefficient, Fv, multiplied by the mapped maximum considered
earthquake spectral response acceleration for 1-second period, S1.
Step 5 – Compute SDS
The fifth step is to calculate the design spectral response acceleration coefficient
for short period, SDS. According to Equation 16-39 of the International Building
Code (IBC) 2012, it is equal to two-thirds multiplied by the mapped maximum
considered earthquake spectral response acceleration for short periods adjusted
for site class effect, SMS.
Step 6 – Compute SD1
The sixth step is to calculate the design spectral response acceleration coefficient
for 1-second period, SD1. According to Equation 16-40 of the International Building
Code (IBC) 2012, it is equal to two-thirds multiplied by the mapped maximum
considered earthquake spectral response acceleration for 1-second period
adjusted for site class effect, SM1
Step 7 – Choose Seismic Design Category, SDC
The seventh step is to choose the appropriate seismic design category according
to Tables 1613.3.5.(1) and 1613.3.5.(2) of the International Building Code (IBC)
2012.
Step 8 – Choose Response Modification Factor, R
The eighth step is to choose the appropriate response modification factor, R,

using Table 12.2-1 of ASCE 7-10.
Step 9 – Compute Elastic Fundamental Period
The ninth step is to determine the elastic fundamental period of the building using
Equation 12.8-7 of ASCE 7-10.
Step 10 – Compute Seismic Response Coefficient, CS
The tenth step is to find the seismic response coefficient, Cs, which is based on
Equation 12.8-2 of ASCE 7-10. The seismic response coefficient is equal to design
spectral response acceleration coefficient for short period, SDS, times the seismic
importance factor, Ie, divided by the response modification factor, R.
Step 11 – Compute Effective Seismic Weight
The eleventh step is to compute the effective seismic weight of the structural
building. For this example, it is equal to the number of building stories multiplied
by weight of each building story.
Step 12 – Compute Seismic Base Shear
The twelfth step is determine the base shear, V. Per Equation 12.8-1 of ASCE 7-10,
it is equal to the seismic response coefficient times the effective seismic weight.
Step 13 – Find Distribution Exponent, k
The thirteenth step is find the distribution exponent, k. According to Section 12.8.3
of ASCE 7-10, the distribution exponent is equal to 1.0 for buildings with an elastic
fundamental period less than or equal to 0.5 seconds and is equal to 2.0 for
buildings with an elastic fundamental period greater than or equal to 2.5 seconds.
Since the elastic fundamental period of our building structure is greater than 0.5
seconds and less than 2.5 seconds, we will use linear interpolation to find the
distribution exponent.
Step 14
The fourteenth step is to calculate a parameter for each building story equal to
the weight of each story multiplied by the height from the base to the story to the
power of the distribution exponent.
Step 15 – Compute Vertical Distribution Factor, CVX
vx , which is equal
Step 16 – Calculate Seismic Lateral Force for Each Level, FX
The sixteenth step is to calculate the lateral force, Fx, for each level. According to
Equation 12.8-11 of ASCE 7-10, the lateral force at each level of the building is
equal to the vertical distribution factor for each level multiplied by the seismic
base shear
Step 17 – Calculate Seismic Story Shear, VX
The seventeenth step is to compute seismic story shear, Vx, per Equation 12.8-13
of ASCE 7-10.
Step 18 – Calculate Overturning Moment, MX
The eighteenth step is to determine the overturning moment, Mx, at each level.
Step 19 – Find Deflection Amplification Factor, Cd
The nineteenth step is to find the deflection amplification factor, Cd, from Table
12.2-1 of ASCE 7-10.
Step 20 – Calculate Lateral Deflection at Each Level
The twentieth step is to calculate the lateral deflection at each level. Based on
Equation 12.8-15 of ASCE 7-10, it is equal to the deflection amplification factor
times the elastic lateral deflection at each level under seismic lateral forces
divided by the seismic importance factor.
Step 21 – Calculate Design Story Drift
The twenty-first step is to calculate the design story drift which is equal to the
difference in deflections of the centers of mass of any two adjacent stories.
Step 22 – Compute PX
The twenty-second step is to compute the total unfactored vertical design load at
and above each level, Px.
Step 23 – Compute Stability Coefficient
The twenty-third step is to evaluate the stability coefficient for each level per
Equation 12.8-16 of ASCE 7-10. Its is equal to the total unfactored vertical design
load at and above each level times the design story shift times the seismic
importance factor divided by the product of design story shear, story height below
the level in consideration, and deflection amplitude factor. The maximum value
for stability coefficient is found using Equation 12.8-17 of ASCE 7-10. According to
Section 12.8.7 of ASCE 7-10, if the stability coefficient is less than 0.1 for all floor
levels, then P-delta effects don’t have to be considered.
Step 24 – Check Design Story Drift
The twenty-fourth step is to check the design story drift. The allowable story drift
can be found from Table 12.12-1 of ASCE 7-10. The allowable story drift should be
greater than or equal to the design story drifts for each floor level.
Related Posts
Calculating the Seismic Design Force and Seismic Base Shear for a Building Using the
Simplified Analysis Procedure (https://www.engineeringexamples.net/calculating-the-
seismic-design-force-and-seismic-base-shear-for-a-building-using-the-simplified-
analysis-procedure/)
An Introduction to Seismic Design Categories for the Seismic Design of Structural

Buildings (https://www.engineeringexamples.net/introduction-seismic-design-
categories-seismic-design-structural-buildings/)
A Step-by-Step Summary of the Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure for the Seismic
Design of Structures (https://www.engineeringexamples.net/a-step-by-step-summary-
of-the-equivalent-lateral-force-procedure-for-the-seismic-design-of-structures/)
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Calculating the Seismic Design Force and Seismic Base Shear for a Reinforced Concr...

Calculating the Seismic Design Force

The problem statement states,

Building Material – Reinforced Concrete

Also check the lateral deformation of the structure.

Step 1 – Identify the Risk Category and Seismic Importance

Step 2 – Find the Site Coefficients

Step 3 – Compute SMS

The third step is to compute the mapped maximum considered earthquake

Step 4 – Compute SM1

The fourth step is to compute the mapped maximum considered earthquake

Step 6 – Compute SD1

Step 7 – Choose Seismic Design Category, SDC

Step 8 – Choose Response Modification Factor, R

The eighth step is to choose the appropriate response modification factor, R,

Step 9 – Compute Elastic Fundamental Period

Step 10 – Compute Seismic Response Coefficient, CS

Step 11 – Compute Effective Seismic Weight

Step 12 – Compute Seismic Base Shear

Step 13 – Find Distribution Exponent, k

Step 15 – Compute Vertical Distribution Factor, CVX

Step 16 – Calculate Seismic Lateral Force for Each Level, FX

Step 17 – Calculate Seismic Story Shear, VX

Step 18 – Calculate Overturning Moment, MX

Step 19 – Find Deflection Amplification Factor, Cd

Step 20 – Calculate Lateral Deflection at Each Level

Step 21 – Calculate Design Story Drift

Step 23 – Compute Stability Coefficient

An Introduction to Seismic Design Categories for the Seismic Design of Structural

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