Answer Explanation Related Ques

1) In discrete memoryless source, the current letter produced by a source is
statistically independent of _____
a. Past output
b. Future output
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
Answer Explanation Related Ques
2) Which coding terminology deals with the inverse operation of assigned words of
second language corresponding to the words in the first language?
a. Enciphering
b. Deciphering
c. Codeword
d. Codebook
3) Huffman coding technique is adopted for constructing the source code with ________
redundancy.
a. Maximum
b. Constant
c. Minimum
d. Unpredictable
4) Which bitmap file format/s support/s the Run Length Encoding (RLE)?
a. TIFF
b. BMP
c. PCX
d. All of the above
5) In dictionary techniques for data compaction, which approach of building

dictionary is used for the prior knowledge of probability of the frequently occurring
patterns?
a. Static Dictionary
b. Adaptive Dictionary
c. Both a and b
6) Which type of channel does not represent any correlation between input and output
symbols?
a. Noiseless Channel
b. Lossless Channel
c. Useless Channel
d. Deterministic Channel
7) In digital communication system, smaller the code rate, _________are the redundant
bits.
a. less
b. more
c. equal
d. unpredictable
8) In channel coding theorem, channel capacity decides the _________permissible rate
at which error free transmission is possible.
a. Maximum
b. Minimum
c. Constant
9) If the channel is bandlimited to 6 kHz & signal to noise ratio is 16, what would be
the capacity of channel?
a. 15.15 kbps
b. 24.74 kbps
c. 30.12 kbps
d. 52.18 kbps
10) According to Shannon's second theorem, it is not feasible to transmit information

over the channel with ______error probability, although by using any coding technique.
a. small
b. large
c. stable
d. unpredictable
11) Which among the following is/are the essential condition/s for a good error control
coding technique?
a. Faster coding & decoding methods

b. Better error correcting capability
c. Maximum transfer of information in bits/sec
d. All of the above
12) Which among the following represents the code in which codewords consists of
message bits and parity bits separately?
a. Block Codes
b. Systematic Codes
c. Code Rate
d. Hamming Distance
13) In a linear code, the minimum Hamming distance between any two code words is
______minimum weight of any non-zero code word.
a. Less than
b. Greater than
c. Equal to
14) Basically, Galois field consists of ______ number of elements.
a. Finite
b. Infinite
c. Both a and b
15) The minimum distance of linear block code (dmin) is equal to minimum number of
rows or columns of HT, whose _____ is equal to zero vector.
a. sum
b. difference
c. product
d. divison
16) According to linearity property, the ________ of two code words in a cyclic code is
also a valid code word.
a. sum
b. difference
c. product
d. division
17) What is the value of leading coefficient of a monic polynomial?
a. 0.5
b. 1
c. 4
d. 16
18) While decoding the cyclic code, if the received code word is similar as
transmitted code word, then r(x) mod g(x) is equal to _________
a. Zero
b. Unity
c. Infinity
19) In decoding of cyclic code, which among the following is also regarded as
'Syndrome Polynomial'?
a. Generator Polynomial
b. Received code word Polynomial
c. Quotient Polynomial
d. Remainder Polynomial
20) For designing of (4,1) cyclic repetition code, what would be the order of the
generator polynomial g(x)?
a. 1
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
21) For (n,k) binary BCH code, how are the parity check bits (n – k) specified?
a. m + tc
b. m - tc
c. mtc
d. m/tc
22) BCH codes exhibit the multiple error correcting capability with the provision of
selecting _________.
a. Alphabet size
b. Block length
c. Code rates
d. All of the above
23) Generally, a primitive polynomial of degree 'm' is an irreducible polynomial in such
a way that it is a factor of xn + 1, where 'n' = ______
a. 2m - 1
b. m/n - 1
c. (m+1) /2
d. m-n-1
24) In minimal polynomial, _______degree polynomial is present with coefficients in the

basefield along with the zeros in extension field.
a. largest
b. constant
c. smallest
d. unpredictable
25) Which type of ARQ system introduces the transmission delay between the
transmitter and receiver before the reception of frame at receiver for the purpose of
error detection?
a. Go-back-N ARQ
b. Selective Repeat ARQ
c. Stop-and-Wait ARQ
26) At any given time, the output of an encoder depends on ______
a. Past input
b. Present input
c. Both a and b
27) While representing the convolutional code by (n,k,m), what does 'm' signify or
represent in it?
a. Coded bits
b. Message bits
c. Memory order
d. All of the above
28) During the shifting of bits in an encoder, how are the transitions in the states
represented?
a. By lines
b. By circles
c. By summers
d. By squares
29) In Viterbi's algorithm, which metric is adopted for decision making?
a. Hamming distance
b. Galois Field
c. Hamming bound
d. Parity-check
30) In Viterbi's algorithm, the selected paths are regarded as __________
a. survivors
b. defenders
c. destroyers
d. carriers
31) For a baseband system with transmission rate 'rs' symbols/sec, what would be the
required bandwidth?
a. rs / 2 Hz
b. rs / 4 Hz
c. rs / 8 Hz
d. rs / 16 Hz
32) For a Gaussian channel of 1 MHz bandwidth with the signal power to noise
spectral density ratio of about 104 Hz, what would be the maximum information rate?
a. 12000 bits/sec
b. 14400 bits/sec
c. 28000 bits/sec
d. 32500 bits/sec
33) With respect to power-bandwidth trade-off, for reducing the transmit power

requirement, the bandwidth needs to be ________.
a. Increased
b. Constant
c. Decreased
34) In digital communication system, if both power and bandwidth are limited, then
which mechanism/choice is preferred?
a. Power efficient modulation

b. Bandwidth efficient modulation
c. Error control coding
d. Trellis coded modulation
35) In coding gain & bandwidth of TCM, if the signal energy is kept constant, the
________of constellation reduces the noise margin and results into the degradation of
performance.
a. Expansion
b. Compression
c. Both a and b
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1) Which among the following compression techniques is/are intended for still
images?
a. JPEG
b. H.263
c. MPEG
d. All of the above
2) Which lossy method for audio compression is responsible for encoding the
difference between two consecutive samples?
a. Silence Compression
b. Linear Predictive Coding (LPC)
c. Adaptive Differential Pulse Code modulation (ADPCM)
d. Code Excited Linear Predictor (CELP)
3) Which coding technique/s exhibit/s the usability of fixed length codes?
a. Lempel Ziv
b. Huffman
c. Both a and b
4) Which among the following is used to construct the binary code that satisfies the
prefix condition?
a. Information Rate
b. Noiseless Channel
c. Channel Coding Theorem
d. Kraft Inequality
5) Information rate basically gives an idea about the generated information per _____
by source.
a. Second
b. Minute
c. Hour
6) Which approach plays a cardinal role in supporting the results obtained regarding
the information capacity theorem?
a. Line Packing
b. Volume Packing
c. Sphere Packing
d. All of the above
7) In sphere packing, where is the received code vector with added noise located?
a. Inside the sphere

b. Outside the sphere
c. On the boundary (circumference) of sphere
d. All of the above
8) If a noiseless channel bandlimited to 5 kHz is sampled every 1msec, what will be
the value of sampling frequency?
a. 250 samples/sec
b. 500 samples/sec
c. 800 samples/sec
d. 1000 samples/sec
9) Assuming that the channel is noiseless, if TV channels are 8 kHz wide with the
bits/sample = 3Hz and signalling rate = 16 x 106 samples/second, then what would be the
value of data rate?
a. 16 Mbps
b. 24 Mbps
c. 48 Mbps
d. 64 Mbps
10) On which factor/s do/does the channel capacity depend/s in the communication
system?
a. Bandwidth
b. Signal to Noise Ratio
c. Both a and b
11) Which amount the following is capable of correcting any combination of three or

fewer errors random errors in a block of 23 bits?
a. Hamming codes
b. Interleaved code
c. Repetition codes
d. Golay code
12) For a (6,4) block code where n = 6, k = 4 and dmin = 3, how many errors can be
corrected by this code?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
13) In Repetition Code, how many information bit/s is/are present in addition to n-1
parity bits?
a. One
b. Two
c. Four
d. Eight
14) On which factor/s do/does the error probability depend/s after decoding?
a. Number of error vectors
b. Error probability of symbol transmission
c. Both a and b
15) Which buffer size is required by the interleaved codes at the transmitter for the
accumulation of λ code words?
a. Small
b. Medium
c. Large
d. All of the above
16) For the generation of a cyclic code, the generator polynomial should be the factor
of _____
a. xn + 1
b. xn – 1
c. xn /2
d. x2n/3
17) Consider the assertions related to decoding process of cyclic code. Which among
the following is a correct sequence of steps necessary for the correction of errors?
A. Syndrome determination after the division of r(x) & g(x)

B. Addition of error pattern to received code word
C. Selection of error pattern corresponding to the syndrome
D. Preparation of table comprising error patterns and syndromes
a. A, B, C, D
b. B, A, D, C
c. C, B, D, A
d. D, A, C, B
18) Which among the below stated logical circuits are present in encoder and decoder
used for the implementation of cyclic codes?
A. Shift Registers
B. Modulo-2 Adders
C. Counters
D. Multiplexers
a. A & B
b. C & D
c. A & C
d. B & D
19) Which among the following error detecting technique is supposed to be parity bit
associated with character code?
a. LRC
b. VRC
c. Both a and b
20) In register contents at decoder, the syndrome register consists of syndrome after
all bits of received vector are clocked into the decoder ________.
a. Input
b. Output
c. Both a and b
21) If the errors are corrected at _______end/s, it is known as 'Forward Error

Correction' (FEC).
a. Transmitter
b. Receiver
c. Both a and b
22) In Frame Check Sequence (FCS), which code is used if character length is 6 bit
and generates 12 bit parity check bits?
a. CRC-12
b. CRC-16
c. CRC-32
d. CRC-CCITT
23) Decoding of RS code comprises the determination of error _______
A. position
B. magnitude
C. angle
D. frequency
a. A & B
b. C & D
c. A & C
d. B & D
24) In RS code, the length is ____less than number of symbols in symbol set (q).
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d. Infinite
25) In Minimum Distance Separable (MDS) codes, the minimum distance is one more
than the number of _________.
a. Information bits
b. Symbol bits
c. Parity check bits
26) In Trellis diagram, what do/does the horizontal axis represent/s?

a. Continuous time
b. Discrete time
c. Sampled time
d. All of the above
27) For the 4 states of an encoder on vertical axis of Trellis diagram, what do/does
the solid line indicate/s?
a. '0' input
b. '1' input
c. Both a and b
28) Which decoding method involves the evaluation by means of Fano Algorithm?
a. Maximum Likelihood Decoding

b. Sequential Decoding
c. Both a and b
29) For a received sequence of 6 bits, which decoding mechanism deals with the
selection of best correlated sequence especially by correlating the received sequence
and all permissible sequences?
a. Soft Decision Decoding

b. Hard Decision Decoding
c. Both a and b
30) To obtain the transfer function of a convolutional code, the splitting of all-zero
state takes place into ___
A. starting state
B. first return to all-zero state
C. in-between state
a. A & B
b. B & C
c. A & C
31) The distance between each symbol in given sequence and reference sequence is
known as _______.
a. Euclidean Distance
b. Distance between sequences
c. Manmattan Distance
d. Hamming Distance
32) dfree is defined as the Euclidean distance of coded signal in terms of _________

possible distance between all allowed sequences.
a. smallest
b. largest
c. average
d. constant
33) For designing trellis code, the emphasis must be on maximizing __________
a. Euclidean distance between code vectors

b. Hamming distance of error correcting codes
c. Both a and b
34) For designing a communication system, which among the following parameters

should be maximum?
A. Transmission rate
B. Received signal-to-noise ratio
C. Error probability
D. Bandwidth requirement
a. A & B
b. C & D
c. A & C
d. B & D
35) For fixed symbol rate, increase in bits/symbol ultimately improves r b/B bits/s/Hz &
hence, regarded as _____.
a. Power efficiency
b. Spectral efficiency
c. Transmission efficiency
d. Modulation eficiency
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1) In discrete memoryless source, the current letter produced by a source is

statistically independent of _____

5) In dictionary techniques for data compaction, which approach of building

10) According to Shannon's second theorem, it is not feasible to transmit information

a. Faster coding & decoding methods

14) Basically, Galois field consists of ______ number of elements.

17) What is the value of leading coefficient of a monic polynomial?

24) In minimal polynomial, _______degree polynomial is present with coefficients in the

26) At any given time, the output of an encoder depends on ______

29) In Viterbi's algorithm, which metric is adopted for decision making?

30) In Viterbi's algorithm, the selected paths are regarded as __________

33) With respect to power-bandwidth trade-off, for reducing the transmit power

a. Power efficient modulation

3) Which coding technique/s exhibit/s the usability of fixed length codes?

a. Inside the sphere

11) Which amount the following is capable of correcting any combination of three or

A. Syndrome determination after the division of r(x) & g(x)

21) If the errors are corrected at _______end/s, it is known as 'Forward Error

23) Decoding of RS code comprises the determination of error _______

26) In Trellis diagram, what do/does the horizontal axis represent/s?

28) Which decoding method involves the evaluation by means of Fano Algorithm?

a. Maximum Likelihood Decoding

a. Soft Decision Decoding

32) dfree is defined as the Euclidean distance of coded signal in terms of _________

33) For designing trellis code, the emphasis must be on maximizing __________

a. Euclidean distance between code vectors

34) For designing a communication system, which among the following parameters

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