Abstract

The first use of fire was no doubt accompanied by the production of air pollutants.
The connection between the burning of coal and air pollution was well recognized by
the seventeenth century. Even the impact of the automobile on air pollution was
anticipated more than a hundred years ago. The rapid increase in the combustion of
fossil fuels of the past thirty years, coinciding with the lifetime of The Combustion
Institute, has resulted in well identified air pollution problems on both local and
global scales. Oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and particulates
may be traced directly to their combustion sources. The path between photochemical
pollutants and their combustion generated precursors is indirect and only
qualitatively understood. The possibility of a long term impact from carbon dioxide
is disquieting because elimination of this product from the combustion of fossil fuels
is most unlikely.
 INTRODUCTION
Combustion generated pollution is that pollution whic takes place after the
combustion stage in engine during power stroke. Many gases like NOx, Sox, CH, CO
et are produced during combustion and cause pollution
The application of combustion research and technology has provided an efficient
means, often the most cost effective, of reducing pollutant emissions. The
fundamental understanding of the chemical and physical processes leading to the
formation of pollutants has been critical to the modification of combustion processes
for the minimization of pollutants. Both the prevention of formation and the
promotion of destruction of pollutants have proven effective. While thermochemistry
shows that there is no conflict between a reduction of pollutants and an increase of
efficiency of the combustion processes, in application, compromise solutions have
led, on occasion, to such trade-offs. Chemical kinetics can produce time scales for
pollutant formation and destruction which are difficult to manipulate in practical
combustors in a manner compatible with efficient combustion. The processing of
combustion products to remove pollutants has been used, in some cases as the only
possible approach, in other cases for pragmatic reasons or because combustion
solutions were not pursued aggressively.
 LITERATURE SURVEY
Carbon Monoxide is a colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas that is poisonous and
lethal. CO is a by-product of incomplete combustion. The modified exhaust systems
are usually a bit shorter so CO manages to seep into the car’s inner chamber through
its extractor exhaust system more easily compared to a standard exhaust, due to air
conditioning also CO gas will come into car cabin are reasons of gas leakage
accidents. Hardware used to design the system of this paper is Gas sensor, micro
controller, logic detector circuit, green LED, red LED and alarm system to give
alertness to people. IN the presence of CO, gas sensor NAP-11A will sense the gas
and send the signal to micro controller. At critical voltage of 1.2V, green LED will
immediately turns off and the red LED with the buzzer will operate simultaneously.
The buzzer from the logic detector circuit will also operate as well both devices (red
LED and buzzer) operate continuously. They thoroughly explained logic detector
circuit and various voltage reading for four conditions like during source, normal
condition, in presence of CO and during cleaning process of CO. Voltage at the
normal condition is 0.02 V. Increase gradually up to maximum and constant value of
5.10V in the duration of 1 minute at presence of CO condition.Voltage of 5.10V
decrease gradually and slowly to 0.02~ approaches 0V, duration of 1 minute during
heat cleaning process.

Road accidents are tremendously happening and to prevent it they designed the
system that is Intelligent vehicle (IV) system aims to assist drivers in any dangerous
situations and save human lives. In introduction they explained the factors
contributing to the the fatal accidents and its bar graph. Failure to stay in lane caused
the high rate accidents than other problem issues of the accidents. In the proposed
work slave ARM processor has alcohol sensors, eye blink sensors to the master, car
ignition, GPS module, GSM module parameters are sensed so they made the
intelligent vehicle system. Therefore these sensors are used to monitor and detect
driver’s behaviour to ensure road safety. Jianqun Wang et al. explained the
requirement of accuracy of communication is continuously increasing in rapid
development of science technology. Reliability and real-time ability of
communication guarantee methods and drawbacks of conventional CAN.
 Conclusion
The problems of air pollution have provided a fertile field for research, stimulating
important advances in the fundamental understanding of combustion processes.
Shifting fuel resources insure a new supply of problems awaiting combustion
solutions.
Catalytic converters are placed in automobiles to reduce pollution.
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