Name: _KEY___

Thermochemistry Concepts
Things you should know
Fill in the best answer for each of the following:

1. Energy is the capacity to do work or to supply heat.

2. Chemical Potential Energy is energy stored within a substance due to its chemical composition.
3. A reaction that absorbs energy is called a(n) Endothermic reaction.
4. The Law of conservation of energy says that in any chemical or physical change,
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only changed in form.
5. Thermochemistry is the study of Energy Changes that occur during chemical & Physical changes.
6. In what direction does heat flow? Heat always flows from a warmer object to a cooler object
7. What happens in an endothermic process? the system gains heat as the surroundings cool down
8. What happens in an exothermic process? the system loses heat as the surroundings heat up
9. In what two units is heat flow measured? the calorie and the joule
10. On what two factors does the heat capacity of an object depend? both its mass and its chemical
composition
11. Exothermic Process Example (not one from the book) _ Cup of hot tea cooling _____
______________________________________________________________________________
12. Endothermic Process Example (not one from the book) I set out the frozen chicken to thaw before
I cook it.______________________________________________

13. When ice cream melts, it is an __Endothermic__ change.

14. How do we measure a heat change? We measure the change in temperature between two objects.
15. How do we measure a temperature change? ___ We use thermometers _____________________
16. Specific Heat units: J/g ∙ oC or cal / (g ∙ oC)
17. Give an example of a physical change - __ A piece of paper is torn in half ___________________
18. Give an example of a chemical change - __ A piece of paper burns into ashes ________

q = mcT
Define the following and their units:
q - _is the heat __________________________________________________

m - _is the mass_________________________________________________

c - _Specific heat________________________________________________

T - __The change in the measure temperature. _____________________

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Make the following conversions. SHOW ALL OF YOUR WORK!
( 1 Calorie = 1 kilocalorie = 1000 calories) (4.184J = 1 cal)

19. 850 cal into joules 23. 1.8 kJ into joules

#J = 850 cal x 1___ = 3600 J #J = 1.8 kJ x 1000 J = 1800 J
0.2390 cal 1 kJ

20. 1,280 Cal into kilojoules 24. 0.72 kcal into joules
#KJ = 1280 Cal x 1000cal x 1J x 1KJ = 5360K J #J = 0.72 kcal x 1000cal x 1J = 3.0x103 J
1 Cal 0.2390 cal 1000J 1kcal 0.2390cal

21. 444 joules into calories 25. 0.45 kcal into cal
#cal = 444 J x 0.2390 cal = 106 cal #cal = 0.45 kcal x 1000cal = 450 cal
1J 1 kcal

22. 4.71 kcal into kilojoules 26. 0.41 kcal into kJ

#KJ = 4.71 kcal x 1000 cal x 1J x 1kJ = 19.7 kJ #kJ = 0.41 kcal x 1000 cal x 4.184 J x 1 kJ = 1.7kJ
1 kcal 0.2390 cal 1000J 1 kcal 1 cal 1000J

Specific Heat Practice Remember, ∆T = (Tfinal – Tinitial)

Show all work and proper units. Answers for 1-8 are provided in random order at the end of the worksheet.

1. A 15.75-g piece of iron absorbs 1086.75 joules of heat energy, and its temperature changes from
25°C to 175°C. Calculate the specific heat capacity of iron.

2. How many joules of heat are needed to raise the temperature of 10.0 g of aluminum from 22°C to
55°C, if the specific heat of aluminum is 0.90 J/g°C?

3. To what temperature will a 50.0 g piece of glass raise if it absorbs 5275 joules of heat and its specific
heat capacity is 0.50 J/g°C? The initial temperature of the glass is 20.0°C.

4. Calculate the heat capacity of a piece of wood if 1500.0 g of the wood absorbs 6.75×104 joules of
heat, and its temperature changes from 32°C to 57°C.

5. 100.0 mL of 4.0°C water is heated until its temperature is 37°C. If the specific heat of water is 4.18
J/g°C, calculate the amount of heat energy needed to cause this rise in temperature.

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6. 25.0 g of mercury is heated from 25°C to 155°C and absorbs 455 joules of heat
in the process. Calculate the specific heat capacity of mercury.

7. What is the specific heat capacity of silver metal if 55.00 g of the metal absorbs 47.3 calories of heat
and the temperature rises 15.0°C?

8. If a sample of chloroform is initially at 25°C, what is its final temperature if 150.0 g of chloroform
absorbs 1.0 kilojoules of heat, and the specific heat of chloroform is 0.96 J/g°C?

14. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 25 grams of water at 20oC to 88oC? 1,700 cal
7,100 J
Q = ( 25g ) ( 1.000 cal/gc ) ( 88 – 20 T)

15. How much heat is released as 117 g of 43oC water cools to 26oC? -1989 cal
-8322 J
Q = ( 117 g) ( 1.000 cal/gc) ( 26-43 T)

16. How much heat is released as 75 g of ice at –10oC cools to –55oC? – 1700 cal
-7088 J
Q = ( 75 g) ( 0.5 cal/gc) (–55 – –10 T)

17. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 0.873 g of steam at 102 oC to 135oC? 48.98
J

Q = ( 0.873) ( 1.7 J/gc) ( 135 - 102 )

18. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 100 g of copper 55C? 2,117.5 J

Q = ( 100 ) ( 0.385 J/gc) ( 55 )

19. How much heat is released as 100 g of copper cools 55C? -2,117.5 J

Q = ( 100 ) ( 0.385 J/gc) ( -55 )

20. How much heat is released as 20 g of magnesium cools from 550C to 87C? – 2,259.44 cal
- 540 J
Q = ( 20 ) ( 0.244 cal/gc) ( 87 – 550 )

Specific Heats

cal / gC: Al 0.215 Cu 0.092 Mg 0.244 Pb 0.0303

J / gC: Al 0.902 Cu 0.385 Mg 1.02 Pb 0.127

Questions 1-8 Answers in random order with units:

0.14 J/g∙c; 1.8 J/g∙c; 32oC; 3.0102 J; 0.46 J/g∙c; 1.4104 J; 0.240 J/g∙c; 230 oC

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 Name: ____KEY__

Measuring & Expressing Enthalpy Changes

Things you should know
What is Entholpy What is calorimetry

Things you should know

1. What basic concepts apply to Calorimetry?

2. How can you express the enthalpy change for a reaction in a chemical equation?

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 Calorimetry
HEAT OUT = HEAT IN
–Q=Q
Known: Mass = 50.0ml water + 50.0ml water ≈ 100.0g water
Ti = 22.5 ℃ Tf = 26.0 ℃ C = 4.184 𝐽⁄𝑔 ∙ ℃
-qsystem = qsurroundings
q = mc∆T
q = 100.0g ∙ 4.184 𝐽⁄𝑔 ∙ ℃ ∙ (26.0℃ – 22.5℃)
q = 1464.4J = 1464J = 1.464kJ released = -1.464KJ

Known: Mass = 25.0ml water ≈ 25.0g water

Ti = 25.0 ℃ Tf = 26.4 ℃ C = 4.184 𝐽⁄𝑔 ∙ ℃
-qsystem = qsurroundings
q = mc∆T
q = 25.0g ∙ 4.184 𝐽⁄𝑔 ∙ ℃ ∙ (26.4℃ – 25.0℃)

q = 146.44J = 146J

TRY SOME
1. 80 g of Al at 70 C is added to 250 g of water at 25oC. What is the Tf of the mixture?
o

- Aluminum = water
- (m ) (C ) (∆T ) =
1 1 1 (m ) (C ) (∆T )
2 2 2

– ( 80g ) ( 0.9 ) (T – 70 ) = ( 250g ) ( 4.184 ) (T – 25 )

f f

-72 (T – 70) =
f 1046 (T – 25) f

-72T + 5040 = 1046T - 26150

f f
o
31190 = 1118Tf T = 27.89 C
f
o o o
2. Re at 88.2 C is added to 100 g of water at 26.4 C. The Tf of the mixture is 32.4 C. What is the mass
of Re? Make the value of the (mass = x) if it is easier to think about
Re water
– ( x ) ( 0.137 ) ( 32.4 – 88.2 ) = ( 100 ) ( 4.184 ) ( 32.4 – 26.4 )
x = 328.55 g

3. Fe at 1445oC is added to 42,800 mL of water at 22oC. The Tf of the mixture is 45oC. What is the
mass of the Fe?
Fe water
– ( x ) ( 0.45 ) ( 45 – 1,445 ) = ( 42,800 ) ( 4.184 ) ( 45 – 22 )
x = m = 6,538 g

4. 5.05 g of metal ( c = __________ ) at 100oC is added to 10 mL of water at 22oC. The Tf of the

mixture is 23.83oC.
– ( 5.05 ) ( x ) ( 23.83 – 100 ) = ( 10 ) ( 4.184 ) ( 23.83 – 22 )
x = c = 0.2 J / goC

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 Name: ____KEY___

Measuring & Expressing Enthalpy Changes

Things you should know

1. Cu at 58oC is added to 39 g of water at 25oC. The Tf of the mixture is 26.2oC. What is the mass of the
copper?
– ( x ) ( 0.385 ) ( 26.2 – 58 ) = ( 39 ) ( 4.184) ( 26.2 – 25 )
x = m = 16 g

2. 810 g of Al at 65oC is added to 50 g of water at 15oC. What is the Tf of the mixture?

– ( 810 ) ( 0.9) ( x – 65 ) = ( 50 ) ( 4.184) ( x – 15 )

x = Tf = 53.82oC

3. 50.5 g of metal ( c = __________ ) at 700oC is added to 89 mL of water at 22oC. The Tf of the

mixture is 83oC.
– ( 50.5 ) ( x ) ( 83 – 700 ) = ( 89 ) ( 4.184) ( 83 – 22 )
x = c = 0.73 J / goC

4. What is the Tf if 45 g of water at 45oC is mixed with 10.15 g of water at 19oC?

– ( 45 ) ( 4.186 ) ( x – 45 ) = ( 10.15 ) ( 4.184 ) ( x – 19 )

x = Tf = 40.21oC

5. 1.3 g of Er at 45oC is added to 200 g of water at 20oC. The Tf of the mixture is 31.5oC. What is the c
of Er?
– ( 1.3 ) ( x ) ( 31.5 – 45 ) = ( 200 ) ( 4.184 ) ( 31.5 – 20 )
x = c = 548.59 J / goC

6. __________ g of Cu at 918oC is added to 309 g of water at 20oC. The Tf of the mixture is 99oC.

– ( x ) ( 0.385 ) ( 99 – 918 ) = ( 309 ) ( 4.184 ) ( 99 – 20 )

x = m = 324.07 g

7. 919 g of Cu at 43C is added to __________ g of RT water. The Tf of the mixture is 27C?

– ( 919 ) ( 0.385 ) ( 27 – 43 ) = ( x ) ( 4.184 ) ( 27 – 20 )

x = m = 193.21 g

8. If 200 g of 657C lead is added to 102 g of __________C water the temperature of the mixture will
be 95C.
– ( 200 ) ( 0.127 ) ( 95 – 657 ) = ( 102 ) ( 4.184 ) ( 95 – x )
x = Ti = 61.57C

J / g oC: Al 0.897 Cu 0.385 Fe 0.45 Pb 0.127 Mg 1.020 Re 0.137

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