RENAL /URINARY SYSTEM

Ureters

The ureters are a pair of small tubes that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder. They
form a vital link in the urinary tract by allowing urine to drain from the kidneys to be stored
in the bladder.

Anatomy

The ureters are thin, muscular tubes found within the abdominopelvic cavity. Each is about
10 to 12 inches (25-30 cm) long, with the left ureter being slightly longer than the right due
to the left kidney lying superior to the right kidney....

Kidneys

The kidneys are the waste filtering and disposal system of the body. As much as 1/3 of all
blood leaving the heart passes into the kidneys to be filtered before flowing to the rest of
the body’s tissues. While a person could live with only one functioning kidney, our kidneys
are vital organs; the loss of both kidneys would lead to a rapid accumulation of wastes and
death within a few days time....

Ex: kidney. ... The definition of a kidney is an organ in the body responsible for maintaining balance in
the body by filtering waste and eliminating that waste in the form of urine. An organ in your lower back
that allows you to expel waste by creating urine is an example of a kidney.

Chronic kidney disease

More often, kidney function worsens over a number of years. This is known as chronic kidney
disease. Sometimes it can progress to end stage kidney disease, which requires dialysis or a
kidney transplant to keep you alive.

Chronic kidney disease

More often, kidney function worsens over a number of years. This is known as chronic kidney
disease. Sometimes it can progress to end stage kidney disease, which requires dialysis or a
kidney transplant to keep you alive.

Pyramids

The pyramids consist mainly of tubules that transport urine from the cortical, or outer, part of the kidney,
where urine is produced, to the calyces, or cup-shaped cavities in which urine collects before it passes
through the ureter to the bladder. The point of each pyramid, called the papilla, projects into a calyx.

Functions of the nephron

Urinary System
 The urinary system, also known as the renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and
the urethra. Each kidney consists of millions of functional units called nephrons. The purpose of the renal
system is to eliminate wastes from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of
electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH. The kidneys have an extensive blood supply via the
renal arteries which leave the kidneys via the renal vein. Following filtration of blood and further
processing, wastes (in the form of urine) exit the kidney via the ureters, tubes made of smooth muscle
fibers that propel urine towards the urinary bladder, where it is stored and subsequently expelled from the
body by urination (voiding). The female and male urinary system are very similar, differing only in the
length of the urethra.[1]
Urine is formed in the kidneys through a filtration of blood. The urine is then passed through the ureters to
the bladder, where it is stored. During urination, the urine is passed from the bladder through the urethra
to the outside of the body.
Examples of Urinary system

The urinary tract is a pathway that includes the:

 kidneys: two bean-shaped organs that filter waste from the blood and produce urine.
 ureters: two thin tubes that take pee from the kidney to the bladder.
 bladder: a sac that holds pee until it's time to go to the bathroom.

Ex: Nephrons

 Remove excess water, wastes and other substances from your blood.
 Return substances like sodium, potassium or phosphorus whenever any of
these substances run low in your body.