Chapter 6

“Computer Integrated Manufacturing

and Technology Driven Practices”

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 1

Introduction, Evolution, Objective

CIM Hardware and Software

CIM Benefits

Nature and role of elements of CIM

CIM Needs

Database requirements of CIM

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 2

Role of CAD/CAM in CIM

Obstacles of CIM, Future CIM systems

Rapid prototyping, Virtual prototyping

Design for Manufacturing

Design for Assembly and Dis-Assembly

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 3

Computer Integrated
Manufacturing (CIM)
Production Types

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 5

Challenges in Manufacturing

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 CIM Background

 Various tastes of customers

 Reduction of cycle time

 Requesting integrated systems for

improving both technology and quality

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 7

 CIM-In General
 Computer – Database
 Integration – Network
 Manufacturing – Rapid development of
new products

 Use of computer technology to tie together

the design, production, marketing and
delivery of a product into a totally
integrated system

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 8

It includes :-

1. CAD/CAM, computer-aided design/computer-

aided manufacturing,.
2. CAPP, computer-aided process planning,.
3. CNC, computer numerical control machine tools.
4. DNC, direct numerical control machine tools
5. FMS, flexible machining systems,
6. AS/RS, automated storage and retrieval systems,
7. AGV, automated guided vehicles.
8. Use of robotics and automated conveyance.
9. Computerized scheduling and production control.
10. A business system integrated by a common data
base.

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 9

 Introduction
 Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) encompasses
the entire range of product development and
manufacturing activities with all the functions being
carried out with the help of dedicated software packages
 The data required for various functions are passed from
one application software to another in a seamless
manner.
 CIM reduces the human component of manufacturing
and thereby relieves the process of its slow, expensive
and error-prone component.
 CIM stands for a holistic and methodological approach
to the activities of the manufacturing enterprise in order
to achieve vast improvement in its performance.

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 10

 CIM Definition
By CASA/SME (“Computer and Automation Systems
Association” division of the “Society of
Manufacturing Engineers”)-

“CIM is the integration of the total manufacturing

enterprise through the use of integrated systems and
data communications coupled with new managerial
philosophies that improve organizational and
personnel efficiency.”

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 11

 Definitions
 Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is the
manufacturing approach of using computers to
control the entire production process
 This integration allows individual processes to
exchange info with each other and initiate actions
 Through the computers integration, manufacturing
can be faster and less error-prone, although the
main advantage is the ability to create automated
manufacturing processes
 Typically CIM relies on closed-loop control
processes, based on real-time input from sensors
 It is also known as flexible design and
manufacturing

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 12

 CIM encompasses the entire range of product
development and manufacturing activities with all
the functions being carried out with the help of
dedicated SW packages
 The data required for various functions are passed
from one application SW to another in a seamless
manner
 CIM use a common DB wherever feasible and
common tech to integrate design, manufacturing
and associated business
 CIM reduces the human component of
manufacturing and thereby relieves the process of
its slow, expensive and error-prone component

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Manufacturing Systems
Integration Program

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 14

 Evolution of CIM
 Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is considered a
natural evolution of the technology of CAD/CAM which by
itself evolved by the integration of CAD and CAM.
 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT, USA) is credited
with pioneering the development in both CAD and CAM. The
need to meet the design and manufacturing requirements of
aerospace industries after the Second World War necessitated
the development these technologies.
 The manufacturing technology available during late 40's and
early 50's could not meet the design and manufacturing
challenges arising out of the need to develop sophisticated
aircraft and satellite launch vehicles.
 This prompted the US Air Force to approach MIT to develop
suitable control systems, drives and programming techniques
for machine tools using electronic control.

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 15

 Evolution of CIM

Invention Year/s

Numerical Control 1952

Mainframe computers (DNC) 1960s

CNCs 1970s

APTs 1980s

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 16

 Evolution of CIM
 It was promoted by machine tool manufacturers in
the 1980's and the Society for Manufacturing
Engineers (CASA/SME).
 Originally developed by CASA/SME in 1985 as
CIM Enterprise Wheel.
 Updated in 1992 as New Manufacturing
Enterprise Wheel by CASA/SME
 The old version focused in automation and
integration inside the enterprise.
 New version also focuses in the outside of the
enterprise.

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Development of CIM

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 Elements Of CIM
 Information technology:
Computer, Communication, Control

 Manufacturing technology:
Manufacturing, Market, Management

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 Objectives Of CIM

 Developing high quality products with

low cost
 Integration and control of product design
and manufacturing processes
 Easy financial management
 Increasing volume of sales

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 20

CIM Hardware and Software
 CIM Hardware
CIM Hardware comprises the following:
 Manufacturing equipment such as CNC machines
or computerized work centers, robotic work cells,
DNC/FMS systems, work handling and tool
handling devices, storage devices, sensors, shop
floor data collection devices, inspection machines
etc.
 Computers, controllers, CAD/CAM systems,
workstations / terminals, data entry terminals, bar
code readers, RFID tags, printers, plotters and
other peripheral devices, modems, cables,
connectors etc.

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 22

 CIM Software
CIM software comprises computer programmes to
carry out the following functions-
 Management Information System
 Sales
 Marketing
 Finance
 Database Management
 Modeling and Design
 Analysis
 Simulation
 Communications
 Monitoring
 Production Control
 Manufacturing Area Control

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 23

 Job Tracking
 Inventory Control
 Shop Floor Data Collection
 Order Entry
 Materials Handling
 Device Drivers
 Process Planning
 Manufacturing Facilities Planning
 Work Flow Automation
 Business Process Engineering
 Network Management
 Quality Management

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 24

 Benefits Of CIM
Integration of technologies brings following
benefits:

 Creation of a truly interactive system that enables

manufacturing functions to communicate easily
with other relevant functional units
 Accurate data transferability among manufacturing
plant or subcontracting facilities at implant or
diverse locations
 Faster responses to data-changes for
manufacturing flexibility
 Increased flexibility towards introduction of new
products

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 25

 Improved accuracy and quality in the manufacturing
process
 Improved quality of the products.
 Control of data-flow among various units and
maintenance of user-library for system-wide data.
 Reduction of lead times which generates a
competitive advantage.
 Streamlined manufacturing flow from order to
delivery.
 Easier training and re-training facilities.
 Marketing
 Engineering design
 Research and Development
 Manufacturing processes
 Financial planning

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 26

Nature and Role of the Elements of CIM
 Nine major elements of a CIM system are –

1. Marketing
2. Product Design
3. Planning & Purchase
4. Manufacturing Engineering
5. Factory Automation Hardware
6. Warehousing
7. Logistics and Supply Chain Management
8. Finance
9. Information Management

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 27

Subsystems in computer-integrated
manufacturing

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Subsystems in computer-integrated
manufacturing

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CIM Wheel

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CIM Wheel

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CIM Wheel

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 32

 CIM Needs
 Increased productivity
 High cost of labor
 Labor shortages
 Trend of labor toward the service sector
 High cost of raw materials
 Improved product quality
 Reduced manufacturing lead time

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 33

 Data Base Requirements of CIM

 Quality Data
 Production Data
 Equipment Data
 Material Movement and Inventory Data
 Parts Traceability Data

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Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 35
 Role of CAD/CAM in CIM

 Assemble Analysis
 Better Tool Design
 Optimization of Manufacturing Processes
 Rapid Prototyping
 Agile Manufacturing
 Mold Industry

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 36

 Obstacles Of CIM
 Integration of components from different suppliers:
when different machines, such as CNC, conveyors
and robots, are using different communications
protocols
 Data integrity: The higher the degree of
automation, the more critical is the integrity of the
data used to control the machine
 While the CIM system saves on labor of operating the
machines, it requires extra human labor in ensuring that
there are proper safeguards for the control data signals
 Process control: Computers may be used to assist
the human operators of manufacturing facility, but
there must always be a competent engineer to
handle circumstances which could not be foreseen
by SW designers

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 37

 Obstacles Of CIM
 Communications between various
companies of suppliers

 Automated facilities independently

 Weak solutions

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 Virtual Prototyping
 A virtual prototype is a computer simulation
model of a component or system.
 It does not refer to any particular model
characteristic but rather to the role of the model
within the design process; specifically it is applied
to the role of:
 exploring design alternatives,

 testing for requirements

satisfaction/correctness
 early removal of design errors through
simulation, correction, and regression testing
 early verification of software at the block
functional level and at more detailed levels

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 39

 Virtual prototyping is the activity of configuring
(constructing) and using (simulating) a computer
software-based model of a system or component to
explore, test, and/or validate the design, its concept,
and/or design features, alternatives, or choices.

 At earlier development phases, design requirements

and specifications primarily captured in paper form

 A modeling methodology is required to capture the

design requirements and specifications in an
executable format
 Provides for early design verification through
simulation
 Helps remove requirements and specifications errors
earlier in the design process

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 40

 Virtual prototype

Mercedes F700 MIT Smart City 2020

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 41

 Rapid Prototyping
 Rapid prototyping methods include NC/CNC, SLA,
FDM, LOM, SLS, and 3-D Inkjet printing.

 Rapid prototyping takes advantage of CAD

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 42

 Rapid Prototyping
 NC/CNC Machining

 Selective Laser Apparatus

 Fused Deposition Modeling

 3-D Ink Jet

 Laminated Object Manufacturing

 Selective Laser sintering

 Service Bureaus

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 43

 Design for Manufacturing
 DFMA stands for Design for Manufacture and
Assembly.

 DFMA is the combination of two methodologies;

1. Design for Manufacture, which means the

design for ease of manufacture of the parts that
will form a product.

2. Design for Assembly, which means the design of

the product for ease of assembly.

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 44

 Design for Manufacturing
 DFMA is used as the basis for concurrent
engineering studies to provide guidance to the design team
in simplifying the product structure, To reduce
manufacturing and assembly costs, and to quantify
improvements.

 The practice of applying DFMA is to identify, quantify and

eliminate waste or inefficiency in a product design.

 DFMA is therefore a component of Lean Manufacturing.

 DFMA is also used as a benchmarking tool to study

competitors’ products, and as a should cost tool to assist in
supplier negotiations

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 45

 Design for Assembly (DFA)
 concerned only with reducing product assembly
cost
 minimizes number of assembly operations

 individual parts tend to be more complex in

design

 Design for Manufacturing (DFM)

 concerned with reducing overall part production
cost
 minimizes complexity of manufacturing
operations
 uses common datum features and primary axes

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 46

 Design for Assembly and Dis-assembly
Design for Assembly Principles -

 Minimize part count

 Design parts with self-locating features
 Design parts with self-fastening features
 Minimize reorientation of parts during assembly
 Design parts for retrieval, handling, & insertion
 Emphasize ‘Top-Down’ assemblies
 Standardize parts…minimum use of fasteners.
 Encourage modular design
 Design for a base part to locate other components
 Design for component symmetry for insertion

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 47

Key DFMA Principles –

 Minimize Part Count

 Standardize Parts and Materials
 Create Modular Assemblies
 Design for Efficient Joining
 Minimize Reorientation of parts during Assembly
and/or Machining
 Simplify and Reduce the number of
Manufacturing Operations
 Specify ‘Acceptable’ surface Finishes for
functionality

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 48

 Final
Exam
University Questions
1. With neat sketch of CIM wheel, explain the salient features of
CIM system. [10M]

2. Short note on –Design for manufacturing [5 M]

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 49

 Re-Exam University Questions
1. What are general application guidelines of CIMS. What are
benefits of CIMS? [10M]

2. What are various Data files associated with CIM? [10 M]

3. Short note on –Rapid Prototyping. [5 M]

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 50

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 51
Thank You…

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, MPSTME, Vile Parle 52