Presentado por:

Juan Mosquera - Camilo Moreno –

Esneider Lugo – Brayan Márquez –

MILLING MACHINE
José Cárdenas
Al docente:
John Jairo Coronado
 WHAT IS A MILLING MACHINE?
A milling machine is a machine tool with a horizontal or vertical axis that is used to perform
mechanized works by chip removal by means of the movement of a rotary tool of several
cutting edges called strawberry. By milling, the most diverse materials can be machined, such as
wood, steel, cast iron, non-ferrous metals and synthetic materials, flat or curved surfaces, notch,
grooves, teeth, etc. In addition, milled parts can be roughed or refined.
 MILLING
Milling is a process performed with a tool called "strawberry".In this process the blades rotate to
remove the material from the workpiece held on the horizontal table when we approach the cutter
towards it. There are many different strawberries depending on the shape of the cut we want to give
to the work piece.The milling machines have a superior performance to other machines for the same
operation
Each tooth of the strawberry is not in the
work phase and, therefore, in contact
with the piece more than a fraction of
the time that a revolution of the
strawberry lasts. You experience less
fatigue, have less wear and work at a
lower temperature than the winch
blades.
Milling machining is one of the most common manufacturing processes used in machinery workshops and
industries to manufacture high precision products and parts in different shapes and sizes. It covers a wide
variety of different operations and machines, on scales from small individual parts to large-scale serial
and heavy-duty milling operations.
Depending on the type of metal that a milling machine needs to cut, its cutting speed can be adapted. Generally,
softer materials are cut at higher speeds and hard materials are typically cut at a slower rate. The hardness of a
material also influences time, harder metals usually take much longer to mill than soft metals. Then we will see the cut
parameters one by one.
MILLING MACHINE PARTS
MILLING MACHINE PARTS
 CUTTING PARAMETERS
● Cutting speed (Vc)

● Speed of rotation (n)

● Feed speed (fn)

● Depth of pass (Ap)

● Chip section (S)

● Metal starter (Qz)

Cutting speed (Vc): it is the relative speed between the cutting edge of the tool and the surface to
be machined of the piece.

Rotation speed (n): it is the number of turns that the head gives, and therefore the piece in a
period of time.
Feed speed (fn): is the length traveled by the tool on the surface to be machined in the piece in a
given time.

Pass depth (Ap): it is the distance that penetrates the tool in the piece in each one of the passes of
a mechanized.
D: diameter before the pass (mm).

d: diameter after the pass (mm).

n: number of passes.

P: Cut depth
Chip section (S): is the product between the feed speed and the depth of the pass.

Metal starter (Qz): It is used to calculate the volume of chips removed per unit of time, very useful
data in the roughing of the piece.
CUTTING SPEED IN RELATION WITH THE MATERIAL
 DEVICES OF SUBJECTION
To achieve a correct fixation of the piece on the work table of a milling machine, various devices
are used:

● Presses: They are the most widely used clamping devices

Simple press Rotating base press Universal press

● Fixers: It is a device for holding the piece placed on the table. It is designed to hold
workpieces difficult to hold in a press or for production where large amounts of material are
machined.
● Adjuncts:

Vertical milling Grooved Zipper milling attachment and

zipper exchange attachment
 CUTTING TOOLS
They are generally constructed of fast steel, but, given the high cost of this material, the larger
milling cutters have a body of construction steel and in the cutting part they have built-in blades or
teeth of fast steel that can be permanent or interchangeable.
CLASSIFICATION BY IT’S GEOMETRY Other classifications
● By the milling method.
● By type of construction.
● By the shape of the channels
between the teeth.
● By cutting direction.
● By mounting or fixing on the
milling machine.
OTHER TYPES OF TOOLS (MOSTLY USED)
CUTTING TOOLS
 TYPES OF THE MILLING MACHINES
By the number of axes

The number of axes in a milling machine is what

determines the possibilities of movement of the machine
tool. Thus, the greater the number of axes, the greater
the possibility of movement or greater degrees of
freedom. Can be classified into three types
THREE AXIS.
THESE ARE MILLING MACHINES WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF
HORIZONTAL, VERTICAL AND OBLIQUE MOVEMENT, THE
LATTER, AS A RESULT OF THE COMBINATION OF
MOVEMENTS BETWEEN TABLE, BRACKET AND SPINDLE. THEY
ALLOW CONTROL OVER THE RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN
THE MACHINE TOOL AND THE WORKPIECE, IN EACH OF THE
THREE AXES OF THE CARTESIAN SYSTEM.
FOUR-AXIS
THE MILLING MACHINES TYPE FOUR AXES, FULFILL ALL
THE FUNCTIONS DESCRIBED IN THE PREVIOUS TYPE:
RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN PIECE AND TOOL, IN
THE THREE AXES.
ADD THE POSSIBILITY OF CONTROL OF ROTATION OF
THE PIECE, ON ONE OF THE AXES, THANKS TO A
TURNTABLE OR DIVIDING MECHANISM. IT IS USED TO
WORK ON CYLINDRICAL PATTERNS SUCH AS SPLINED
SHAFTS AND GEARS
FIVE AXIS.
IN ADDITION TO FULFILLING ALL THE
POSSIBILITIES DESCRIBED ABOVE; THE
FIVE-AXIS MILLING MACHINES HAVE TWO
PARTICULARITIES.
ON THE ONE HAND, ALLOW THE CONTROL
OF ROTATION OF THE PIECE ON TWO OF
ITS AXES. ONE OF THEM PERPENDICULAR
TO THE SPINDLE AND THE OTHER,
PARALLEL. MILLING MACHINES OF THIS
TYPE ARE THOSE USED FOR JOBS THAT
REQUIRE, AS A RESULT, FORMS OF HIGH
COMPLEXITY.
BY THE ORIENTATION OF THE AXIS OF ROTATION
MANUAL MILLING MACHINE

THESE MACHINES HAVE A HORIZONTAL AXIS OR SPINDLE

WHERE THE MILL IS MOUNTED. THE WORKTABLE ALLOWS THE
THREE MOVEMENTS ON THE CARTESIAN AXIS. THE ADVANCE OF
THE PIECE TOWARDS THE MILLING CUTTER IS DONE MANUALLY,
BY MEANS OF A VERTICAL SCREW DRIVEN BY A STEERING
WHEEL OR BY MEANS OF A CAM OR LEVER.
SIMPLE MILLING MACHINE
THE SPINDLE OR SHAFT IS HORIZONTAL. THE TABLE HAS A
VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT THAT IS OPERATED MANUALLY, BY
MEANS OF A SCREW. ON THIS, THE CAR DESCRIBES AN
AUTOMATED MOVEMENT, PARALLEL TO THE SPINDLE.
ALTHOUGH THE SIMPLE MILLING MACHINE IS A MACHINE
INTENDED FOR VERY GENERAL PURPOSES; IT IS POSSIBLE TO USE
IT FOR PRODUCTION WORK.
SIMPLE MILLING MACHINES HAVE THREE MOVEMENTS:
LONGITUDINAL, VERTICAL AND OBLIQUE
UNIVERSAL MILLING MACHINE

VERY SIMILAR TO SIMPLE MILLING MACHINES; UNIVERSAL

MILLING MACHINES DIFFER FROM THOSE IN THAT THE CAR
ROTATES AROUND A VERTICAL AXIS.
THE MILLING CUTTER GOES HORIZONTALLY, IN THE SPINDLE.

HIGH DEGREE OF VERSATILITY AND CONTROL

THE MOVEMENTS OF THE PIECE ARE CONTROLLED BY COMBINING
THE BRACKET, CARRIAGE AND TABLE
HORIZONTAL MILLING MACHINE

THIS TYPE ALSO HAS THE HORIZONTAL STRAWBERRY AXIS,

IN WHICH CYLINDRICAL DRILLS ARE MOUNTED. THIS AXIS
HAS AN EXTERNAL SUPPORT, TO GRADUATE, NEXT TO THE
HEAD. THIS SUPPORT IS SUPPORTED IN TWO PLACES. ON
THE ONE HAND, ON THE SAME HEAD. AND ON THE OTHER,
ON THE RAM.

THE TABLE IS A FIXED BENCH, ON WHICH A LARGE

CARRIAGE SLIDES IN TWO AUTOMATIC MOVEMENTS:
TRANSVERSE AND LONGITUDINAL.
VERTICAL MILLING MACHINE

IN THIS TYPE OF MILLING MACHINE, THE AXIS IS ORIENTED

VERTICALLY, PERPENDICULAR TO THE TABLE. IT HAS THE
POSSIBILITY OF MAKING A SMALL AXIAL TYPE OFFSET.

THE SPINDLE MOUNTED DRILLS ROTATE ON ITS AXIS. THEY ARE OF

THE FRONTAL CYLINDRICAL TYPE.

ITS HEAD IS SIMILAR TO THAT OF DRILLING MACHINES.

BOTH THE TABLE AND THE SPINDLE CAN PERFORM A VERTICAL
MOVEMENT.
VERTICAL MILLING MACHINE OF FIXED
BANK OR BENCH.

IN MILLING MACHINES OF FIXED BENCH, THE TABLE

MOVES PERPENDICULARLY, IN RELATION TO THE
SPINDLE. THIS ONE MOVES IN PARALLEL, IN
RELATION TO ITS OWN AXIS. MEANWHILE, THE CAR
TRAVELS TRANSVERSELY AND LONGITUDINALLY.
VERTICAL MILLING MACHINE OF
TURRET OR CONSOLE.
THE MOST INTERESTING FEATURE OF THIS TYPE OF
MILLING MACHINE IS THAT THE SPINDLE DOES NOT MOVE
DURING THE CUTTING OR STYLING OF THE PIECE.
THE TABLE HAS LONGITUDINAL AND PERPENDICULAR
MOVEMENT, IN RELATION TO THE SPINDLE.
SPECIAL MILLING MACHINES.

THE ONLY COMMON DENOMINATOR OF THE

GROUP OF MILLING MACHINES ENCLOSED IN THIS
TYPE IS THAT THEY ALL HAVE SPECIAL
CHARACTERISTICS.
AMONG THEM, CONSTRUCTIVE FORMS VARY
GREATLY. THIS IS DUE TO THE PARTICULARITIES
OF THE DIFFERENT MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
FOR WHICH THEY HAVE BEEN DESIGNED.
CIRCULAR MILLING MACHINE

CIRCULAR MILLING MACHINES ADMIT THE POSSIBILITY

OF WORKING WITH ONE OR SEVERAL VERTICAL HEADS,
SO THAT EACH ONE CAN EXERCISE A DIFFERENT
FUNCTION, DURING THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS.
THEY HAVE A LARGE CIRCULAR, ROTATING TABLE, ON
WHICH THE DISPLACEMENT OF THE TOOL CARRIAGE
HAPPENS
COPIER MILLING MACHINE

THE AXIS MOVEMENT, IN THE COPIERS, OCCURS ONLY

HORIZONTALLY. THE AXIS IS LOCATED
PERPENDICULAR TO THE TABLE, IN A MECHANISM
SIMILAR TO THAT OF A PANTOGRAPH. A PIECE CALLED
A PROBE IS ATTACHED, WHICH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR
PRECISELY FEELING THE MODEL TO BE COPIED. THE
PROBE FOLLOWS THE CONTOUR OF THE MODEL TO BE
COPIED AND THE TOOL HOLDER COPIES THE
MOVEMENT DESCRIBED BY IT, AND WORKS THE NEW
PART.
GANTRY MILLING MACHINE

SPECIAL GANTRY MILLING MACHINES, (ALSO KNOWN

AS BRIDGE), HAVE TWO MOVEMENTS: VERTICAL AND
TRANSVERSE. THE WORKPIECE HAS, IN TURN,
LONGITUDINAL MOVEMENT.
THE AXIS OR TOOLHOLDER HEAD IS LOCATED,
VERTICALLY, ON A STRUCTURE FORMED BY TWO
COLUMNS, LOCATED ON BOTH SIDES OF THE TABLE.
MOBILE BRIDGE MILLING MACHINE

THIS IS CALLED THE SPECIAL TYPE OF MILLING

MACHINES IN WHICH THE TABLE REMAINS
MOTIONLESS AND THE MOVEMENT HAPPENS IN
THE TOOL, WHICH MOVES ALONG THE
WORKPIECE, BY MEANS OF A STRUCTURE
SIMILAR TO THAT OF A CRANE BRIDGE.
MILLING MACHINES FOR WOOD.

MILLING MACHINES OF THIS TYPE ARE PORTABLE

MACHINES THAT USE A ROTARY TOOL TO MILL FLAT
WOODEN SURFACES. THEY ARE PREPARED TO WITHSTAND
A LARGE NUMBER OF HOURS OF WORK IN WOOD OR ITS
DERIVATIVES.
CNC MILLING MACHINES

MILLING MACHINES WITH COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL (CNC)

ARE AN EXAMPLE OF PROGRAMMABLE AUTOMATION. ITS MAIN
APPLICATION FOCUSES ON AVERAGE PRODUCTION VOLUMES OF
SINGLE PIECES AND MEDIUM AND LOW PRODUCTION VOLUMES OF
COMPLEX PARTS, ALLOWING PRECISION MACHINING WITH THE
EASE OF CHANGING FROM ONE PIECE MODEL TO ANOTHER BY
INSERTING THE CORRESPONDING PROGRAM AND OF THE NEW
TOOLS THAT HAVE TO BE USED AS WELL AS THE SYSTEM OF
SUBJECTION OF THE PIECES.
SOME OPERATIONS
ADVANTAGES OF MILLING MACHINE
● In the milling machine there are following advantages such as:

● - Ideal for the production of individual pieces or small batches.

● - Capable of create complex shapes with the use of multitools.
● - Operations cost can be very modest.
DISADVANTAGES OF MILLING MACHINE
● - It is more costly than casting, cold ironing, extrusion, etc.
● - For mass production, it becomes economically necessary to use
special-purpose machines.
● - Some are very expensive.
¡THANK YOU!