Lecture 5

Load Calculation
Theory and Application

By
Ashish S. Raut
 Cooling Load
• The total heat required to be removed from the space in
order to bring it at the desired temperature by the air
conditioning and refrigeration equipment's is known as
cooling load.
• The purpose of a load estimation is to determine the size
of the air conditioning and refrigeration equipment that is
required to maintain inside design conditions during
maximum outside temperature.

Refrigeration & Air Conditioning: Ashish S. Raut 2

 Components of cooling load
• Sensible Heat Gain
• Walls, floors, ceilings, doors, windows, due to temperature
difference in two sides
• Solar radiation, transmitted through glass, ventilators, doors
• Lights, motors, machinery, cooking operations, industrial process
• Heat liberated by occupants
• Outside air leakages (infiltration) through cracks, doors,
windows

• Latent Heat Gain

• Moisture in outside air by infiltration
• Condensation of moisture from occupants
• Condensation of moisture by cooking foods

Refrigeration & Air Conditioning: Ashish S. Raut 3

Example 9:
A conference room for seating 100 persons is to be maintained at
22 °C DBT and 60 % RH. The outdoor conditions are 40 °C
DBT and 27 °C WBT. The various loads in the auditorium are as
follow
• Sensible and latent heat loads per person 80 W and 50 W
respectively
• Lights and fans 15000 W
• Sensible heat gain through glass, walls, ceiling etc, 15000 W
• The air infiltration is 20 m3/min, and fresh air supply is 100
m3/min
• Two – third of recirculation room air and one – third of fresh
air are mixed before entering the cooling coil.
• The by-pass factor of the coil is 0.1
• Determine
• apparatus dew point
• The grand total heat load
• Effective room sensible heat factor
Refrigeration & Air Conditioning: Ashish S. Raut 4
Given
• Number of persons = 100
• td2 = 22°C
• ∅2 = 60%
• td1 = 40°C
• tw1 = 27°C
• Qs per person = 80 W
• QL per person = 50 W
• QsL = 15000 W = 15 kW
• QsG = 15000 W = 15 kW
• V1 = 20 m3/min
• VF = 100m3/min
• BPF = 0.1 Refrigeration & Air Conditioning: Ashish S. Raut 5
Refrigeration & Air Conditioning: Ashish S. Raut 6
Refrigeration & Air Conditioning: Ashish S. Raut 7
• Mark outside condition with DBT & WBT as point no 1
• Mark inside condition with DBT & RH mark as point 2
• Join point 1 & 2 through line, and locate point A through
vertical and horizontal line

• From psychrometric chart

• Volume of air at point 1
• Vs1 = 0.911 m3/kg of dry air

• Enthalpy at point 1, 2 and A

• h1 = 85 kJ/kg of dry air
• h2 = 47.5 kJ/kg of dry air
• hA = 66 kJ/kg of dry air

Refrigeration & Air Conditioning: Ashish S. Raut 8

• Mass of infiltrated air at point 1
𝑉1
• 𝑚𝑎 = Kg/ min
𝑉𝑠1
20
• 𝑚𝑎 = = 21.95 𝐾𝑔/𝑚𝑖𝑛
0.911

• Sensible heat gain due to infiltration air

• =𝑚𝑎 ℎ𝐴 − ℎ2
• = 21.95 (66 – 47.5) = 406 kJ / min
• = 406 /60 = 6.77 kW

• Latent heat gain due to infiltration air

• =𝑚𝑎 ℎ1 − ℎ𝐴
• = 21.95 (85 – 66) = 417 kJ / min
• = 417 /60 = 6.95 kW
Refrigeration & Air Conditioning: Ashish S. Raut 9
• Total sensible heat gain from persons
• = 𝑄𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑥 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑠
• =80 x 100 = 8000 W = 8 kW

• Total latent heat gain from persons

• = 𝑄𝐿 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑥 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑠
• =50 x 100 = 5000 W = 5 kW

• Total sensible heat gain in the room

• RSH = Sensible heat gain due to infiltration air + Sensible heat gain from persons
+ Sensible heat gain due to lights and fans (𝑄𝑆𝐿 ) + Sensible heat gain through
glass, walls and ceiling etc., (𝑄𝑆𝐺 )
• RSH = 6.77 + 8 + 15 + 15 = 44.77 kW

• Total latent heat gain in the room

• RLH = Latent heat gain due to infiltration air + Latent heat gain from persons
• RLH = 6.95 + 5 = 11.95 kW

Refrigeration & Air Conditioning: Ashish S. Raut 10

• Room sensible heat factor
𝑅𝑆𝐻
• 𝑅𝑆𝐻𝐹 =
𝑅𝑆𝐻+𝑅𝐿𝐻
44.77
• 𝑅𝑆𝐻𝐹 = = 0.79
44.77+11.95

• Mark calculated value of RSHF =0.79 on sensible heat

factor scale as a and join it with alignment as b,
• From point 2 draw a line 2-5 parallel to line ab as RSHF
line
• Since two-third of recirculated air and one-third of fresh
air are mixed before entering the cooling coil, mark mixing
point as 3 on line 1-2 such that
1
• Length 2-3 = Length 2-1 x
3
• At point 3 DBT
• 𝑡𝑑3 = 28 °C
Refrigeration & Air Conditioning: Ashish S. Raut 11
• Apparatus dew point (𝑡𝑑6 )
𝑡𝑑4 −𝑡𝑑6
• 𝐵𝑃𝐹 =
𝑡𝑑3 −𝑡𝑑6
𝑡 −𝑡
• 0.1 = 𝑑4 𝑑6 by trial and error method
28 −𝑡𝑑6
• 𝑡𝑑4 = 13.15 °C and 𝑡𝑑6 = 11.5 °C

• Grand total heat load

• OATH = 0.02 𝑉1 ℎ1 − ℎ2
• OATH = 0.02 x 20 85 − 47.5 = 15 kW
• GTH = RSH + RLH + OATH
• GTH = 44.77 + 11.95 + 15 = 71.72 kW

• Effective room sensible heat factor

• Either we have to calculate with formula or join point 6 with point 2
• Produce upto sensible heat facto scale
• The line 6-2 is known as ETSHF line
• ERSHF = 0.77
Refrigeration & Air Conditioning: Ashish S. Raut 12