Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 5

pneumonia 2015 Nov 12;6:115–119

pneumonia
Brief Report

FREO2: An electricity free oxygen concentrator


)+*\a, David J Peakea, James FP Blackb and Roger P Rassoola
a
School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; b( /
  " *
 
 *+#  "
%

 *
 
(  " *%
M q# 
 


Corresponding author:)+*\+#  "% #(  " *%


M q# 
 

8% ?@DEjIj<<H=FH
L!
 ?**\N! *88


    


 ! PL
  # 
8)+%P)''## 
# 
8)+%''$ 
# 

8)+%''# # 


 

8)+%P)''##  

 
8)+%P)''-  S 
T" 
!
# 8 
 ##
- !
# "!
   # 
#  8 
 
$-   
## 8 

 
 S
" !
# 8

Received >jz# *>=EH Accepted 11 November 2015; Published 12 November 2015

 +*\)%
MP)
#MP]%'
 '%8]'Lz2? # # "[$## 
8pneumonia 2015;6:115–119

Abstract
( Z  
z$

#!![$ 
"#  - !
*  

!#  


*   !
 
 #   ! X# ’$8 (
  



!
"[$-  * -X# 
* Q \ !
 
#
 #! "" 
-  
"#
*!


* 8(     !
 " 
] '-
* L$z[$k]'Lz2x !#S!$ 
*  "
 !
"#$!#
$

[$-  
 # # 8( 

#  [ $ #"-
y-$ $ 


  #

#"
#!8(  -
# !
#!XX-$X

 !
#!#
$
[$8( ]'Lz2 system has been designed to meet the criteria for successful
[$ !
 
"
# 8 
 " !  #
!
$- 
[!  y-$-
8!
  [$$
$#

# "]'Lz2-  #
!

#!! *$ 

# # !
8

Keywords: oxygen concentrator, sub-district health centre, pneumonia, developing country, children

pneumonia 2015 Volume 6 115


' ()*  
 / pneumonia 2015 Nov 12;6:115–119

1. #   (     


 
 !   -

[$## 

 -
* $"

 + )
 y-$ 
!

  
 !  
# 
  
*8] 



-
X
z[$ 
  #!! *  Z  
 y-- 
-[$X$
$#

#  -  
z$




!#"  
! " increased demand commonly observed during the rainy
#  - !
_E`8 - ! X 
_E=`8
# ’$  $  #  " *\  [$

$#
#   *!

[$ 2.   
 
 


* !
k" ! x # 
*X
 #  
"
# 8 
*!

E>>=== (  ]  '-
*  L$ z[$ k]'Lz2) system has
children’s lives could be saved annually by improved !
}#! ?kx
!

! "-
"!
 " [$ $ *
 _>`8  %

 /- 

y-$ 
!#  $ 
  #

*\  [$ # 
*  E= !
 !#  k

$ 
#!kx
 " 
#!!#
#
# 
 -
x
 
## 
_j`8  #!
 kx  !
$ 
#!
 
#!

   -
 Q 
#!
$ 
#M" 
#[$#  
 -$
 !
## 
[$
"
#    $ #   
 
$ " "    
"
#  8
#
$- # 
 *#!8
*  
-    
"
 !* " #
$$ # 
8    ,
%   
! 
 !!
 #

 # 
 -M 
 
## $ $  !

 ! 
        #  
   ! 8      * * 
  
* 
Q \  !
 
#
 * !  $   * Z
 "!

 
!# 
-
 

 *
 #
 !#
#8 ! " "  -  
 
 E8H! "


*  $ Y#
 
"#"  
"
#  # 
 $ $ k 
&x * - y-
 ‚ - _EE`8   - 
 
     *
8   !
  Figure 1, this head can be obtained by running a pipe
  $ #    * -X#  #

$
 #   
!8  # "    

!


* 8
[!
 F! #

 # *
#M
    
!8 (-
   "   k x

 [$ ## 
 Y
  
 
!
S# $ - # 
#
*
-
 8(  #
# [$"  8 $ " y-$-


 
 

! "

#
 _<`8  $S#
  * -
! # 8 
 
( ##
! #
&"  - #   
     
! " -
 y-$ $  

!
"!

*
 


*  -X# !
8    
#  M
   #
$ * - 
Z 
  #!
 *$    #
#  -  -y


#!#
 S#8( 
   $ 
"

* 
#! Y
Q* 
[$8 #  
 $ [$ ## 
 #8 ( 
*# " !$
#
* 

$
8## ##M-
X 
  -
!!#


!
 
## 
-$
_H`#
* ! $"! and there are reports of a similar pressure interchanger

   -
8 # 
 #
 #!* - 
$ # 
 !
 
# " " !
#
  "    - 

 #!
$ 
 H= 
 _E>`8 / -
  #!
 
X
[$"! #
 #!-  $ #
$-
y-*
#M  
! 
!8] 
  $ "!   8 (  ## $ " #! *#

y- #"  
!
 

 #! #



 # y- "   #
  #
#  -   
  !#
 $

JH{[$8( $-$#


 !


 Q
 # 
concentrators can be a viable source of oxygen in some "-
Q
 8
 $#  
"
# _DF`8
 -           
- # 


*  [$ ## 
 

  # #

 #!    Q $  
#!    
# 
-$8!
!
 
"
#  -X
 * !#
#
 # $ - * - 
  € 
! X#! #    
  
*  ><X 

$! 8 (  
#! #
 "!    

##  # #


- _I`#
[$  
-
 "" * --   
#
## 
!
 *

" "
# 8 * -#   S 
- # 8( 

 >==D    %

 /- 
 [$ -
   process is used repeatedly to mechanically convert the



*  
 " Ej{ " #   -  [
!
 
#! 
8) M$ -
"* -

$  
- ! 
 #  
 #y-"#!
#
*#
k


$  - 
"[$


*  _J`8 
#!$
 
  #
   
 $  


 
  ## 
$
x8

pneumonia 2015 Volume 6 116


' ()*  
 / pneumonia 2015 Nov 12;6:115–119

Figure 1 ( ] '-


* L$z[$k]'Lz2x !8Z
y-$ $ 
 
-
8( 
#! 
  $ 

 
# #- 
 #!
8q
#!
#!



 
  
! #
 
concentrate oxygen from room air

! +   % 0 #  4"$2 ( 


 "Y
*$ 
 
DM ! - 
!
$
 _EH`8( 
( ]'Lz2 !*


#!XX-$X indicates that it should be possible to separate the three

## 8 

#  
  components of the system and deliver the vacuum several
- # 
#!
* - -  #
  M ! "!  
!8(  
 !$"
# 
-     "
  # #
 #! 8 (  M  *#!#

  # " $8
remaining vacuum from the siphon is used to evacuate the
 $ "!     #
  #  [$
 3. Current status and next steps
*
 8 (  *S  " *$   $

 *X
! # 
 -  #!   "  "#
 ]'Lz2 prototype has been constructed

 #  # $ Q! 


 #
 !
 $"  !
*
M
#*    $  ! ! _Ej`8 
 !
 #M  
  

8  


#Q
 ! -
 #
 X   ! 
 # 


 "  !
 
# Q!  " [$ "!
# "   !8 z[$  
 y- 

## 
 -X#’$
S - #  !  - 
 +![ E<<= $

bed replacement as the single most expensive repair

 kL
 
 !
 +x

 +
_E<`8(!
[!  "!" *]'Lz2, +]j=== !
 y- !  k+  +- 
x
  -$ ## 
 * $  !   # 8 % !
    -$ JEŽ>{
$"! 
[ 
# 

* S 
 k !
#x[$#

!
y-
"
 ! 8 E8FŽ=8E3%k  ! x
 ]$>8

100 3
90
Average Oxygen Flow (LPM)
Oxygen Concentration (%)

75 2.25

50 1.5

25 0.75
O Concentration
2
O Flow
2
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (minutes)

Figure 2% !


 ! 
$ ## 
"[$ JEŽ>{$   ] '-
* L$z[$
k]'Lz2) system

pneumonia 2015 Volume 6 117


' ()*  
 / pneumonia 2015 Nov 12;6:115–119

 $
 
 -
y- $   -
 Funding: This product is made possible through the generous support
! $
z!(X>==  
#y-!  "  +
$ 3
 )  
 ?    +
 $# "
kz! ! 9x8(   ]$>  

  !  k+x  !  " /-
 
-
# - 
 
"
[!
 <! 
 )  

]


$


  
H<= 3% " -
 y-8 (  # - ! 9$!! 
 9
 


$#
*    

 


 -M#
 k9zx8( 
-

* 
 
 #
 

 !
[!! ## #
 *
#  * #$ y#   - "  +
$ 3
 )  
 8 (  }# 

 
  
E8F! _EE`8Q   *S $
"! $ " 3
*]
8( 

#

[$#
*#!#  "
   $#!

 
"
*#$  
8]  

# #

* 8" !

# *  

" !
# .
!-



* [$y-
#
*#
8
 


 
 #
*
 !  
   BS, DP, and RR declare to be listed as inventors on

*S _ED`8
  

 
 
 #
 k%(ƒƒ>=E<ƒ=H=EH>x S  * 
 " *8
z!
 " 
#  #!   - -
 - 
$
"
$   "S  
$
 Provenance and peer review:!![ 
-
 $ #  
 "
#  8  
$ " S  


#
 -  [ ! # $   "  Copyright:( 
X
##
#  *   !"
 
*   "  * -
  *8 Z - 
  
 !! \* 3# - #  !   # 
$
 
# 
Q! "[$
 #
  *
#
!! $

!
 
"
#  8(  \ !#


 

 
#
# 8
-T# 
# #- !
 
! 8
"
*   %

/-
_j`$$ 
 References

  #  


 -  Q EF=== ƒ
8  $ 
]'Lz2 - *#

* " $
* D=== ƒ
 E8 Z  
 z$

8 z[$ 
 "
# 
!  M  #  "
 *X #  
 # 8 Z 
 "#  $ #     $
- 
#
*
-  
-M 
 
$ # 8
?Z z>==j8 \?ƒƒ---8- 8 ƒ#  §
Q! 
   " #!
*  # 

 # § 
ƒ#! ƒ
§Jj§>Iƒƒ
[$ *$


$8 >8 
\”$
$
3( 
L 
(/
 L "
+  
8  

 " [$  ! " 
!  "
4. Conclusion #    !
8 ) %* # 
 >=EEEE + 
j?+>I8 %?>EH=E<<D \?ƒƒ[88$ƒE=8EEIDƒE<FEX
(  ]'Lz2  ! Y
 

* 
 -M
*  ><HIXEEX+jX+>I
 " 
"
# ! 

-  !  j8 M ( %   Z
 ] +*  ' +
&
 
 

 +8

## [$# 


 
*  # #  8 z[$   " 
  %

 /- 
?

( * "M- $ ## 
"[$ #!
 "  "
*  
 # XY# "
-    # # 
   *   #*8 ! "Y ’$8%/P>=E=Hj?E>D€
In the interest of cost, maintenance, robustness and jI8%?>jEDjEIj
## #
 $ #

8 <8 M(8( # #
"[$ 
-  ! 
]  *   #!$ -     " "  #  #?   " 
X#
 -M 


  
  # #  ]'Lz2 is designed to promote $
!

$8Z  
z$

>=EE8

Q *X #  
"
# 8Z
  H8 „
$'(8


*
#83?
#! 

# " -
* 
!   !
 $%EJJF8
 # *!  [ ! !
8 D8 3
 q#  +] %   

 + Z* Z L
 %

$
$
L 
8( "#$"[$## 

+$S#
 $ Q
     #X !  ’$?
  

!  


- 
[$8 - - # 8   P (*# 3$  >=EEEH?DJj€J8
" 
 "
#  -  
$"


-
 %?>EFHDH>< \?ƒƒ[88$ƒE=8HHIIƒ} 8E=8=H<<
# ]'Lz2
   
  *
 "X
$ - F8 
\”$
$
3( 
L 
(/
 L "
technology that could impact on pneumonia child +  
8  

 " [$  ! " 
!  "
!
 8 #    !
8 ) %* # 
 >=EEEE + 
j?+>I8 %?>EH=E<<D \?ƒƒ[88$ƒE=8EEIDƒE<FEX
Acknowledgements ><HIXEEX+jX+>I
I8 
X'
 ”M9)}+Z *+9 
( 
 
#M- $  $S#
  # * " * ' 
83!  # # 
## 
"
# 
8+!Z  $" ! #
* " *X+


 "#
?
  !
# - " 

 


 ## 8 Z
 [  $
   +  # # 
## #
  
*  8  * 

%!
#k 

x
9'
 "
$ +# %
#  >=EjE?><J€DE8 %?>H>FDHjF \?ƒƒ[88
$
! !
" !
##   $ƒE=8JF<Hƒ +%XXEjX===jF
## 8 J8 Z
]% M(8 [
!

!$#  


pneumonia 2015 Volume 6 118


' ()*  
 / pneumonia 2015 Nov 12;6:115–119


%

/-
?! $
# + +# (#   EJJDjE?IFF€Jj \?ƒƒ[88



*  XX
   


[$$
!!8 $ƒE=8E=I=ƒ=E<JDjJJD=I==><Jj8
(%

>==D>D?>FF€I<8%?EFEj>>J> \?ƒƒ E<8 )
 ) -/
L $„3%  -+'8
[88$ƒE=8EEFJƒE<DHj>I=DEH>FJE  #

"[$## 
!
 
#
E=8 '
)# X% ) $
” 
9
!*  
 #  
 -X# ’$? [#
8 L! $
  $ " #    !
8 "!( 
!*
8 

(#  $>=EH<?jEJXj>I8
) Z  
z$
>==IID?<=I€ED8%?EIH<HF<< \?ƒƒ[88$ƒE=8E==FƒE>HHjX=EHX==J<X>
\?ƒƒ[88$ƒE=8><FEƒ)3(8=F8=<IFDJ EH8 Z**Zz8( "
 
 #
#!8(
!
EE8 ]#  P Z Z)8 (  [ 
 " -X 
 +## L$EJ=E?HJJ€DEE8
-* #
$- 
$ 8 ED8 %
MP+*\)'
 '% 8(  
%## L%
 8P%-
L$8>==E>EH?>>jXj=8 " *
$8# 
"
$
#  
E>8 
$
  
 ##!8! "
8 %
 
 #
 %(ƒƒ>=E<ƒ=H=EH>8 

* 

$
8EJDj?><XH8
? \?ƒƒ
 #8-8 ƒ
# ƒƒ
 8}"–#
Ej8 9!
 '8 q
#! +-$  %# " ‰Zz>=EH=E=EF=# ‰ 
z[$ %#€  #
 %#8

pneumonia 2015 Volume 6 119

You might also like