nama of writer. ., et al. Journal Application of Mechanics and Thermodynamics.

Edition 1 (2020)

JAM&T JOURNAL
APPLICATION OF
EDITION 1/2020
MECHANICS AND
THERMODYNAMICS
Mobile Phone Charging Revolution
a*
Muhammad Muadz , Mohd Zulfahmi Bahaudin b,
a
Students in Programme Degree of Education (PISMP) in Science, in take June 2018, IPG Kampus Temengong Ibrahim, Johor
b
Physics lecturer, Department of Science, IPG Kampus Temengong Ibrahim, Johor

* Corresponding author: muadz46@gmail.com

Abstract

The use of mobile phones is significant in the modern era. Thus mobile phones are constantly revolutionizing including the revolution in
mobile phone charging systems. Today's innovation has created a system, a new charge - wireless charging only supported by some
handsets with the Qi system. Charging this way requires only a direct touch of the mobile phone with a charging pad that uses
electromagnetic induction to generate electricity during charging. Therefore, this study was conducted to see how mobile charging is
evolving, what is the scientific method used in charging and how conventional charging and wireless charging differ. The results of qualitative
research are conducted by examining and collecting information through secondary data, such as newspapers, theses and reference books.
The results show that wireless charging methods should be given more space and breath to lead the charging world as there are more
benefits to be gained than conventional charging.

Keywords: Mobile Phone Charging Innovation, Wireless Charging, Charging Pad, Qi System

INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND PROBLEM

The use of charger pads is very popular today and is growing in line
with the development of mobile phones and technology today.
Charging pads have undergone a great evolution lately, the use of
charger pads with mobile phones no longer requires cable or USB
connection. The innovation of phone charging begins with the direct
connection of the handset with the plug before the power bank (s)
which requires a USB connection with the phone to power the flow.
The energy storage provider is capable of storing electricity for later
transmission to the cell phone.
Nowadays with technological advancements, energy storage providers
are innovating with wireless usage without the need for a USB
connection and known as a charging pad. Featured innovations are
wireless charging handsets or USB. Charging is performed using Q1
operation where the power is transferred from the form of
electromagnetic induction which is converted into electrical energy
(David Schieber, 2012). The handset can be charged without the need
for a connection through the wire charger to the cell phone. The
handset is mounted directly on the pad charger to directly charge the
battery. However, the use of a charging pad is limited to mobile
phones that can support charging without cables. For example the
latest handsets like I Phone X and Samsung 8.
In general, the importance of mobile phone holders and power storage
providers is to ensure that the handsets are recharged to obtain
optimum power supply. This requirement is updated with the use of a
pad charger that replaces the direct charging with power supply and
charging through the power supply (power bank) supplier. The
importance of charging pads to consumers is to facilitate the mobile
phone charging process. The charger pad is designed to allow users to
charge their mobile phones in the simplest and easiest way. Smaller
sized, designed pad pads make it easy for users to take the pad charger
anywhere without the hassle.
Cell phone charging is a daily routine practiced by every mobile user
to ensure that the percentage of battery in the handset is sufficient to
function optimally. However, the inconvenience that comes with the
charging process either directly with the plug or via a USB connection
to the power bank makes the phone's daily charging routine. One of
the problems that arose during charging was that the user had to
replace the USB cable at least once due to the fragile and easily
damaged USB cable. Users also often have trouble charging when the
USB wire is flashing. In addition, the USB port on the phone is
sensitive and vulnerable when USB connectors are often inserted and
removed, resulting in minor hardware defects. Finally, the direct
contact between the USB port on the phone and the USB connector is
prevented by the presence of obstacles or impediments within the
USB port such as tissue and so on.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
The issues mentioned above are examples of real problems that occur
to users. Based on the problems mentioned above, the holistic
problems that arise prevent the charging process from happening
perfectly or more easily and quickly. So the new innovations that are
being studied and released are being used to address these issues with
the use of wireless charging pads.

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 nama of writer. ., et al. Journal Application of Mechanics and Thermodynamics. Edition 1 (2020)
RESEARCH QUESTION:
One of them is :
1. What is the difference between charging a mobile phone
using a USB connection and wireless charging, a charging
pad?
2. Is the charger pad more suitable than the charger using a
USB cable connection?
3. How does the charger pad work in cellphone charging?
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:
One of them is:
1. Identify the difference between charging a mobile phone
using a USB connection and wireless charging, a charging
pad?
2. Identify a charger that is more suitable for consumer use.
LITERATURE RIVIEW
1. Mobile Charging With Wired Charging
Prior to the evolution of the cellphone charging, the handset was
charged with a wire or USB intermediate connected directly to the
power supply or plug. Electricity is transmitted directly from the
power supply to the cell phone via a USB connection. Then came the
idea of modifying the charge directly from the source of the power
supply to the source of the power bank. Charging from a power supply
source still uses a wire or USB connection. Power supply savers
continue to revolve around the ability to store increased charge
through the use of capacitors with greater capacity. The power
supply's storage capacity continues to grow before the idea of a new,
more user-friendly charging method is introduced without charging
wireless (USB charging).
2. Charging Pad Work
Wireless chargers, especially chargers, often use magnetic field
induction to function (Geoffery Halcock, 2016). Simply put, wireless
charging in the charging pad uses magnetism to transmit energy.
Inductive charging (wireless charging / cordless charging) uses
electromagnetic fields to transfer energy between two objects through
electromagnetic induction. Charging this way usually requires a
charging station. The energy is transmitted through an electromagnetic
coupling on the electric device, where the energy generated from the
electromagnetic induction on the electric device can then be used to
charge the battery or move the function of the device.
Charging Work Using a USB / USB Connection
Wireless charging involves the induction coil on the charging pad to
produce electromagnetic field replacement, and the second induction
coil also produces electromagnetic fields in mobile devices or mobile
phones in particular. To start charging, the charging pad needs to be
connected to the power source to access the power source.
Electromagnetic fields are initially generated on the charger pad when
there is an electric current in the charger pad. The electrical current
passing through the induction coil produces an electromagnetic field.
The overlap of electromagnetic fields between the charging pad and
the mobile device, the phone, produces electromagnetic induction. The
induction coil on the handset draws power from the electromagnetic
induction and converts it back into electric form. The combination of
the fields in both induction coils forms an electric transformer The
greater distance between the primary coil and the secondary coil can
be increased when charging from this induction method using
inductive coupling resonance.
3 Charging Pad Gesture Innovation
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Charging pads and electrical devices especially mobile phones require
a direct touch to start charging function. However, this charge has
evolved with the introduction of charging pads and cell phones
without the need for direct touch. The greater distance between the
main conduction coil or the transmitter to the receiver induction coil
can be achieved when this wireless charging uses multiple induction
coil. In other words, increase the number of induction coils in the
charger pad and mobile phone. By adding aspects such as increasing
the number of induction coils, using a soft iron core in the charger pad
and a mobile device is a mobile phone. Increasing the number and size
of induction coils on both the charging pad and the mobile phone will
increase the strength of the electromagnetic field. When the generated
electromagnetic field is large then the distance of the electromagnetic
field is further apart. The widespread scattering of electromagnetic
fields enables the overlap of electromagnetic fields between the
charging pad and the mobile phone even over long distances. The
hypothesis put by the specialists in the design of the latest brands of
Iphone X, Iphone 8 and Samsung 8 is that, the larger the scatter of the
electromagnetic field, the greater the distance that can be reached
between the primary induction coil and the secondary induction coil
for overlapping between electromagnetic fields. So charging is
possible even when the charging pad and mobile phone are not in
direct contact.
CHRONOLOGY OF INNOVATION CAS
Power transfer is the first attempt to use radio waves as a medium.
Nicola Tesla believes that wireless power transfer is possible and
possible. He built the so-called "Tesla Tower" which is a giant coil
connected to a 200 foot high tower with a 3 foot ball diameter. Tesla
pumps 300kw of power into the device; the coil resonates at 150 kHz.
This experiment failed because of the fact that power was dispersed in
all directions. In the 1960s, much research was put into using
microwaves to transmit power. Brown was successful but with low
efficiency. Canada successfully flown the model aircraft without fuel
in 1987 by transmitting a 2.45 GHz, 10 kW microwave to the model
aircraft. Power is also being tried for transfer through induction. It was
first used when, in 1894, M. Hutin and M. Le-Blanc proposed
apparatus and methods for operating an electric vehicle. However,
combustion engines are becoming more popular and this technology
has been forgotten for a while.
The Wireless Power Consortium (WPC) was established in 2008, and
in 2010 they established the Qi standard. In 2012, the Alliance for
Wireless Power (A4WP) and Power Matter Alliance (PMA) were
established. Japan established the Broadband Wireless Forum (BWF)
in 2009, and they established the Wireless Power Consortium for
Practical Applications (WiPoT) in 2013. The Energy Harvesting
Consortium (EHC) was also established in Japan in 2010. Korea
established the Korean Wireless Power Forum KWPF) in 2011. The
purpose of the organization is to establish standards for inductive
implementation.
 nama of writer. ., et al. Journal Application of Mechanics and Thermodynamics. Edition 1 (2020)

USB or wires. Charging can be done either directly by touching the

mobile phone to the charger pad or without the touch depending on the
operating capabilities of the charger pad and the mobile phone.
Furthermore, the energy exchange in charging through the charging
pad is from the electricity that generates the electromagnetic field
before being converted back into the form of electricity to charge the
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY phone, (Xiaofeng Wan, 2011).

Research methodology is a process involved in preparing the writing

of this study from beginning to end. It consists of four stages, namely:
STAG THINGS EXPLANATION
4. Benefits of Charging Pads
E
1. Introduction of Introduction to the development of
According to the study presented by Pekka T. Lakso (2001), there are
research charging innovations namely wireless
several advantages to charging through a charging pad, for example,
charging and comparisons of
the use of a charging pad is said to be more user friendly than regular
charging with wires, problem
charging. This is because, users no longer need to carry USB
background, problem statement,
anywhere to charge a mobile phone. In addition, the latest charge pad
questions, objectives and research
innovation, the charger pad with high capacitance value to it, works
methodology
two in one by saving power supply and transferring it in the form of
2. Data collection Secondary data such as studies are electromagnetic induction. The charger pads no longer need to be
analyzed in the form of articles, connected directly to the plug to work and they can be carried
theses, newspaper clippings, anywhere. Therefore, mobile phone charging is no longer a burden as
reference books, written reports and it can be done anywhere even in the vehicle. The charger pad left in
video recordings. the vehicle can charge the phone even without a USB connection.
3. Analysis and The analysis was performed on Therefore, users can still use their cell phones comfortably even in the
Results secondary data using qualitative and vehicle.
observational techniques on video
recording In addition, one of the great advantages of wireless charging
4. Conclusion The findings of the study and the technology is its ability to fit into any size and shape in electrical
need to highlight charging devices. With a receiver module on a wireless charger like the
innovations.. Thunderlink Humavox model (Figure), wireless charging can be
applied even on small electronic devices such as hearing aids,
Jadual 2 : Implementation of the Study Process, smartphones, mobile phones and so on because of the size of the
                  (source: Bahaudin, M.Z et al., 2014) receiver module itself.

ANALYSIS AND RESULT

To achieve the objectives of this study, qualitative techniques were

used in analyzing information obtained from secondary sources,
reviewing general studies and conducting observations through video
recording. Here are the results of this study:

1. Identify Comparison Between Charging Using Wire / USB

With Wireless / USB Charging

The charging method has been divided into two namely conventional
charging or using a USB connection directly from the plug and
charging through the charging pad. Comparison has been made in a
study by Gereon Meyer (2012). In his research, he noted the
disadvantages and advantages of charging through the charging pad Comparison of Thunderlink Humavox model acceptor module size
and the need for charging pads to be highlighted in the industry. (Source: Author's interpretation. Humavox.com)

2. Charging With USB Connection 5. Charge Pad Disadvantages

Charging the handset directly from the power supply via a wire or
USB connection does not require any special operation on the handset.
Electricity is transmitted directly via USB. Charging would not occur
without a USB connection from the plug to the mobile phone.
3. Charging Using the Charging Pad (Wireless / USB)
Charging a mobile phone using a charging pad requires Qi operation
where power is transmitted through electromagnetic induction (Bhel,
2003). So the structure built into the charging pad is different than the
direct charging from the plug using a USB connection. Charging the
charging pad requires the induction coil on the charger pad and the
mobile phone as the main material for the work. Also, charging
through the charging pad does not require any intermediary, either
However, the use of a charger pad also has some disadvantages. First,
charging through the charger pad costs more cost. Cell phones with Qi
operation are sold at twice the price compared to mobile phones using
the standard charging method. However, according to Johnson I.
Agbinya (2015), if high demand for handsets with Qi operation, the
market price for such handsets may decline. In addition, one of the
reasons that charger pads are not widely used is that charging pads are
slower or less efficient than charging using a USB connection.
Wireless charging is said to be unable to achieve the same level of
efficiency as regular charging. Actually the efficiency of the charging
pad depends on the level of technological progress. Some well-known
mobile phone brands have improved the efficiency of Qi operations in
mobile phones. In addition, another disadvantage of charging using a

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 nama of writer. ., et al. Journal Application of Mechanics and Thermodynamics. Edition 1 (2020)

charging pad is that wireless charging technology produces higher

heat than ordinary charging due to electromagnetic induction.

6. Identify the best charging method for the user.

Based on the study of the disadvantages and advantages of charging

through conventional methods and using the charging pad, it can be
concluded that the reasonableness of the charging pad over the
charging method is justified. This is because the benefits of charging
through the charging pad are clearer than the benefits that come with
it. The disadvantages arising from conventional method charging are
that they can be specifically addressed. Charging pads should replace
conventional charging with a USB connection. Charging can still be
done at the same rate even with a more user-friendly method.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the charging pad revolution is taking over the standard

charging method, which is charging with a USB connection. Although
there are weaknesses in the charging pad, it can still be overcome by
the increasing demand for innovation by scientists. The use of a
charging pad should be broadened as improvements have been made
to the charging pad to its level of efficiency comparable to that of
conventional charging with USB connectivity.

REFERENCES

Bhel.(2003).Transformer. New Dlehi. Tata Mcgraw-Hill Education

David Schieber.(2012).Electromagnetic Induction Phenomena.Tokyo.Springer

Science and Bussiness Media

Geoffery Halcock.(2016).Induction Charging as a Range Extender for Battery

Electric Vehicle : Achiving Highly Efficient Energy Transfer Through
Resonant Inductive Coupling Between on – Vehicle and in – Road
Coil.United State.GRINVerlag

Gereon Mayer.(2012).Advance Microsystem For Automotive Application:

Smart System For Safe, Sustainable and Network Vehicle.United
Kingdom. Springer Science and Bussiness Media

Johnson I. Agbinya.(2015).Wireless Power Transfer. Australia River Publisher

Pekka T. Laakso.(2001).Between Electrostatic and Magnecostatic by Means of

The Special Theory of Relativity.Amsterdam. Springer Science and
Bussiness Media

Xiaofeng Wan.(2011).Electrical Power System and Computers : Selected

Papers From 2011 International Conference on Electric and Ekectronic
(EEIC 2011) In Nanchang, China on June 20-22,2011, Volume 3. China.
Springer Science and Bussiness Media

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