Corus Tubes

Celsius® 355 Ovals, Sizes & Capacities

EC3 Version

Structural & Conveyance Business

Celsius 355 Ovals
Sizes and Geometric Properties
®
Corus Tubes manufactures its Celsius 355
Ovals in accordance with the technical delivery
requirements and the tolerances of EN 10210,
the European Standard for hot finished
®
structural hollow sections. Celsius 355 Ovals
are supplied as standard to quality J2 making
them suitable for all internal and external
applications to BS 5950-1:2000 and EN 1993-
1-1:2005(E).
® and the material grade.
Celsius 355 Ovals are produced by the
Electric Weld (EW) process in sizes from 150 ×
75 mm up to 500 × 250 mm. Details of the
sizes, thicknesses and resistances are shown
in the following pages.
Inspection and Testing
®
Celsius 355 Ovals are submitted to specific
inspection and testing, and supplied with an
inspection certificate to EN 10204: type 3.1.
Designation
®
Celsius 355 Ovals are designated by their
outside dimensions and thickness in
millimeters followed by their product standard
Examples:
®
Celsius 355 Ovals 400 × 200 × 10.0 EN
10210 S355J2H

Chemical Composition and

z
Mechanical Properties

Chemical composition - ladle analysis t

Specification EN 10210 S355J2H y y
h
% max
Carbon 0.22
Silicon 0.55
Manganese 1.60 z
Sulphur 0.035 b
Phosphorus 0.035
Carbon equivalent
(CEV) max.: t 16 mm 0.45
Dimensional tolerances
Mechanical properties
Specification EN 10210 S355J2H Dimensional tolerances

Tensile Strength Rm Specification EN 10210 S355J2H

2
N/mm : 3 t 65 mm 490 - 630 Outside dimension ± 1% with a min of ±
Yield Strength Reh (b and h) 0.5mm
2
min. N/mm : t 16mm 355 Thickness (t) - 10%
Elongation min. %: t Note. Positive
40 mm deviation limited
on gauge length 5.65 22 by mass tolerance
S0 Twist (V) 2mm + 0.5mm/m
Impact Properties: length max.
Minimum Average Straightness (e) Maximum 0.2% of
energy (J) the total
27 length
10 × 10 mm specimen
at -20°C Mass (M) ± 6% on individual
lengths
Length + 150mm / - 0mm

®
1 Celsius 355 Ovals – Sizes and Capacities, EC3 Version
Celsius 355 Ovals
Sizes and Geometric Properties
For the current range of Celsius 355 Ovals:
Geometric Properties
The current range of Celsius 355 Ovals is
given in the table 1. Also included in this table (I) For axial compression
are the geometric properties which have been
calculated using the formulae given in EN h
de = h 1 + f −1 or
10210-2:2006(E). b
h2
Classification of Oval Sections conservatively de =
Celsius 355 Ovals have been classified using b
0.6
the limits contained in EN 1993-1-1:2005(E) for t
circular hollow sections, except the Class 3 where f = 1 − 2 .3
h
slenderness limit in bending has been relaxed
2
to 140 . However the definition of the
equivalent diameters de, for axial compression
and for bending about the minor and major (ii) For minor axis bending (z-z axis)
axes, has been derived to take account of the
continuously changing curvature of an oval h2
de =
compared to that of a circle. b

(iii) For major axis bending (y-y axis)

h2
d e = 0 .4
b

Type of compression Diameter Revised EN 1993-1-1:2005(E) limiting values

loading ratio Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
2
90ε
Axial compression de/t Not applicable
=59.6
Compression due to minor
de/t 2 2 2
axis bending (z-z axis) 50ε 70ε 140ε
Compression due to major =33.1 =46.3 =92.7
de/t
axis bending (y-y axis)

ε = (235/fy)0.5 = 0.81 for fy = 355 N/mm2

®
2 Celsius 355 Ovals – Sizes and Capacities, EC3 Version
Table 1: Sizes and Geometric Properties

Second moment Elastic section Plastic section

Size and thickness Mass Area Radius of gyration Torsional constants Sup. area Length/ Hp/A Section classiification
of area modulus modulus
tonne
h b t M A Iy Iz iy iz W el,y W el,z W pl,y W pl,z IT CT As Bending Bending Axial
2 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 2 -1
mm mm mm kg/m cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm m /m m/t m y-y axis z-z axis Comp
150 75 4.0 10.7 13.6 301 101 4.70 2.72 40.1 26.9 56.1 34.4 303 60.1 0.363 93.4 266 1 3 Slender
150 75 5.0 13.3 16.9 367 122 4.66 2.69 48.9 32.5 68.9 42.0 367 72.2 0.363 75.4 215 1 3 Full
150 75 6.3 16.5 21.0 448 147 4.62 2.64 59.7 39.1 84.9 51.5 443 86.3 0.363 60.6 173 1 3 Full

200 100 5.0 17.9 22.8 897 302 6.27 3.64 89.7 60.4 125 76.8 905 135 0.484 55.9 213 1 3 Slender
200 100 6.3 22.3 28.4 1103 368 6.23 3.60 110 73.5 155 94.7 1105 163 0.484 44.8 170 1 3 Full
200 100 8.0 28.0 35.7 1358 446 6.17 3.54 136 89.3 193 117 1347 197 0.484 35.7 136 1 3 Full
200 100 10.0 34.5 44.0 1637 529 6.10 3.47 164 106 235 141 1605 232 0.484 29.0 110 1 2 Full
200 100 12.5 42.4 54.0 1954 619 6.02 3.39 195 124 284 169 1889 269 0.484 23.6 89.7 1 1 Full

250 125 6.3 28.2 35.9 2205 742 7.84 4.55 176 119 246 151 2224 265 0.605 35.5 169 1 3 Slender
250 125 8.0 35.4 45.1 2732 909 7.78 4.49 219 145 307 188 2734 323 0.605 28.2 134 1 3 Full
250 125 10.0 43.8 55.8 3316 1090 7.71 4.42 265 174 376 228 3288 385 0.605 22.8 109 1 3 Full
250 125 12.5 53.9 68.7 3996 1292 7.63 4.34 320 207 458 276 3918 453 0.605 18.5 88.1 1 2 Full

300 150 8.0 42.8 54.5 4813 1616 9.39 5.44 321 215 449 275 4846 481 0.726 23.4 133 1 3 Slender
300 150 10.0 53.0 67.5 5872 1950 9.32 5.37 391 260 551 336 5867 577 0.726 18.9 108 1 3 Full
300 150 12.5 65.5 83.4 7120 2334 9.24 5.29 475 311 674 409 7047 686 0.726 15.3 87.1 1 3 Full
300 150 16.0 82.5 105 8731 2809 9.12 5.17 582 374 837 503 8529 818 0.726 12.1 69.2 1 2 Full

400 200 8.0 57.6 73.4 11689 3966 12.6 7.35 584 397 811 500 11858 890 0.969 17.4 132 2 4 Slender
400 200 10.0 71.5 91.1 14348 4829 12.5 7.28 717 483 1001 615 14473 1079 0.969 14.0 106 1 3 Slender
400 200 12.5 88.6 113 17531 5843 12.5 7.19 877 584 1232 753 17558 1299 0.969 11.3 85.8 1 3 Full
400 200 16.0 112 143 21734 7143 12.3 7.07 1087 714 1541 936 21551 1577 0.969 8.9 67.9 1 3 Full

500 250 10.0 90.0 115 28539 9682 15.8 9.19 1142 775 1585 976 28950 1739 1.21 11.1 106 2 4 Slender
500 250 12.5 112 142 35030 11791 15.7 9.10 1401 943 1956 1201 35333 2108 1.21 8.95 85.1 1 3 Slender
500 250 16.0 142 180 43709 14549 15.6 8.98 1748 1164 2459 1501 43737 2586 1.21 7.06 67.1 1 3 Full

3 Celsius® 355 Ovals – Sizes and Capacities, EC3 Version

Celsius 355 Ovals
Design Resistances

Design Resistances of Empty Sections Design Shear Resistance

The design tension, compression, bending The design plastic shear resistance has been
moment, shear and column flexural buckling calculated in accordance with Cl. 6.2.6 with
resistances of empty sections for Celsius 355 proposed shear area formulae defined as
Ovals have been calculated according to EN follows:
1993-1-1:2005(E) and are given in table 2. A
value of 1.00 for γM0 and γM1 has been For shear along y-y axis
included in the resistances shown.
Av = 2(b – t)t

Design Tension and Compression For shear along z-z axis

Resistances
The design tension resistance has been Av = 2(h – t)t
calculated in accordance with Cl. 6.2.3.

The design compression resistance has been
calculated in accordance with Cl. 6.2.4.
However, EN 1993-1-1:2005(E) does not
specify how to deal with Class 4 slender
sections with curved elements. As a result, the
design compression resistance of Class 4
slender sections has been calculated using a
modified version of the effective area formula
given in BS 5950-1:2000: Cl. 3.6.6, i.e.
Design Column Flexural Buckling
Resistance
The design flexural buckling resistance of
columns has been calculated in accordance
with Cl. 6.3.1 utilising buckling curve ‘a’ given
in Cl. 6.3.1.2 for hot finished oval columns,
buckling about either the major or minor axis.

0.5 0.5
90 235 t
A eff = A = 7.72 A
de / t fy de

Design Bending Moment Resistance

The design bending moment resistance has
been evaluated in accordance with Cl. 6.2.5.
Similar to the design compression resistance
of Class 4 slender sections, the design
bending moment resistance of Class 4 slender
sections with curved elements has been
calculated using a modified version of the
effective section modulus formula given in BS
5950-1:2000: Cl. 3.6.6, i.e.

0.25 0.25
140 235 t
W eff = W el = 3.10 W el
de / t f y de

®
4 Celsius 355 Ovals – Sizes and Capacities, EC3 Version
Table 2: Design Tension, Compression, Bending Moment, Shear and Column Flexural Buckling Resistances for Empty Sections
Size and thickness Mass Design Tension Design Compression Design Column Flexural Buckling Resistance, kN, for y-y axis for effective Design Column Flexural Buckling Resistance, kN, for z-z axis for effective Design Moment Design Shear
h b t M Resistance Resistance lengths (m) of: lengths (m) of: Resistance, kNm Resistance, kN, along
mm mm mm kg/m kN kN 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 My Mz y-y axis z-z axis
150 75 4.0 10.7 484 463 421 364 279 202 149 88 58 41 327 191 115 76 54 31 20 14 20 10 116 239
150 75 5.0 13.3 599 599 542 462 348 249 182 108 71 50 410 233 140 92 65 37 24 17 24 12 143 297
150 75 6.3 16.5 746 746 673 571 428 306 223 132 86 61 502 282 169 111 79 45 29 20 30 14 177 371

200 100 5.0 17.9 809 746 711 664 593 496 394 248 166 118 636 478 319 217 156 90 59 41 44 21 195 400
200 100 6.3 22.3 1010 1010 957 887 779 636 498 308 205 146 842 607 395 267 191 111 72 50 55 26 242 500
200 100 8.0 28.0 1267 1267 1199 1109 972 790 616 381 253 180 1049 746 483 326 233 135 87 61 68 32 302 630
200 100 10.0 34.5 1561 1561 1475 1363 1188 960 746 460 306 217 1281 897 576 388 276 160 104 73 83 50 369 779
200 100 12.5 42.4 1917 1917 1808 1665 1444 1159 896 550 365 259 1554 1066 678 455 324 187 122 85 101 60 448 961

250 125 6.3 28.2 1273 1180 1148 1097 1030 937 815 565 390 281 1070 918 697 502 368 217 142 100 87 42 307 629
250 125 8.0 35.4 1602 1602 1552 1478 1378 1236 1056 714 489 351 1435 1202 884 626 456 268 175 123 109 52 384 794
250 125 10.0 43.8 1980 1980 1916 1824 1697 1518 1292 869 595 427 1768 1468 1069 754 548 322 210 148 134 62 471 984
250 125 12.5 53.9 2440 2440 2360 2243 2083 1856 1573 1052 718 515 2168 1782 1282 899 652 382 250 176 163 98 576 1217

300 150 8.0 42.8 1936 1851 1821 1759 1684 1585 1454 1116 809 594 1727 1564 1308 1010 764 462 305 216 159 76 466 958
300 150 10.0 53.0 2398 2398 2355 2271 2168 2031 1848 1392 998 730 2226 1997 1639 1244 933 561 370 261 196 92 574 1189
300 150 12.5 65.5 2962 2962 2907 2803 2673 2500 2269 1698 1214 887 2743 2450 1993 1501 1122 673 443 313 239 110 705 1473
300 150 16.0 82.5 3729 3729 3657 3523 3355 3130 2830 2101 1495 1091 3440 3051 2450 1828 1360 812 534 377 297 179 879 1863

400 200 8.0 57.6 2605 2132 2132 2093 2045 1990 1926 1754 1510 1233 2072 1981 1860 1690 1469 1017 702 506 288 138 630 1286
400 200 10.0 71.5 3234 2985 2985 2917 2844 2758 2655 2373 1983 1578 2885 2742 2543 2261 1911 1275 869 623 355 171 779 1599
400 200 12.5 88.6 4008 4008 3999 3904 3797 3672 3520 3094 2527 1977 3856 3645 3344 2916 2412 1571 1062 759 437 207 961 1986
400 200 16.0 112.1 5068 5068 5054 4932 4796 4635 4438 3886 3158 2462 4868 4593 4197 3635 2985 1930 1303 930 547 254 1207 2519

500 250 10.0 90.0 4071 3331 3331 3312 3255 3195 3128 2964 2740 2443 3288 3185 3062 2906 2700 2145 1588 1178 563 270 984 2009
500 250 12.5 111.7 5054 4664 4664 4622 4536 4443 4338 4075 3707 3228 4585 4426 4231 3974 3632 2763 1992 1460 694 335 1217 2498
500 250 16.0 141.7 6406 6406 6406 6332 6206 6069 5912 5510 4942 4223 6275 6039 5742 5342 4808 3535 2504 1823 873 413 1535 3174

5 Celsius® 355 Ovals – Sizes and Capacities, EC3 Version

Celsius 355 Ovals
Design Resistances
Resistances of Concrete Filled
Sections
The design resistances have been
calculated in accordance with EN 1994-1-
1:2004. The material factors of γs = 1.0
and γs = 1.5 for steel and concrete
respectively, have been included in the
resistance calculations according to EN
1992-1-1:2004 and NA to EN 1992-1-
1:2004.
The plastic compression, moment and
column axial compression resistances of
concrete filled sections for Celsius 355
Ovals are given in table 3 for grade 40
2
cylinder strength concrete (fck = 40 N/mm )
and table 4 for grade 60 cylinder strength
2
concrete (fck = 60 N/mm ).
Plastic Compression Resistance
The plastic compression resistance has
been calculated in accordance with Cl.
6.7.3.2.
For steel sections classified as class 1-3,
the compression resistances have been
calculated using the full steel cross-section
properties. For steel sections that are
class 4, the compression resistances have
been calculated making proper allowance
for possible local buckling of the steel shell
by applying the modified effective steel
area formula given in “Design Resistances
of Empty Sections”.
The influence of enhanced concrete
confinement given by Cl. 6.7.3.2 (6) has
not been included in the resistance
calculations.
®
6 Celsius 355 Ovals – Sizes and Capacities, EC3 Version
Bending Resistance
The plastic bending resistance has been
calculated in accordance with Cl. 6.2.1.2
adopting the modified equation from BS
5400-5:2005, Annex A, A.4.3 as follows:
Mpl,Rd = W plfyd (1+0.01m)
where m is determined from figure A.2 in
BS 5400-5:2005 with parameter ρ, the
ratio of the average compressive stress in
the concrete at failure to the design yield
strength of the steel taken as 0.85fcd/fyd.
Bending resistances for steel sections
classified as class 3 and 4 have been
taken as the same resistances as for
empty sections.
Column Axial Compression Resistance
The column axial compression resistance
has been calculated in accordance with Cl.
6.7.3.5 utilising buckling curve ‘a’ given in
EN 1993-1-1:2005, Cl. 6.3.1.2 for hot
finished hollow section columns, buckling
about either the major or minor axis.
The influence of long-term effects on the
modulus of elasticity of concrete (Cl.
6.7.3.3 (4)) has not been included in the
resistance calculations.
No column axial compression resistances
have been given for columns with relative
slenderness ratios above 2.0 (Cl.
6.7.3.1(1)).
Table 3: Plastic Compression, Bending and Column Axial Compression Resistances for Concrete Filled Ovals with Grade 40
Cylinder Strength Concrete (fck = 40 N/mm2)

Size and thickness Mass Plastic Compression Column Axial Compression Resistance, kN, for y-y axis for effective lengths Column Axial Compression Resistance, kN, for z-z axis for effective lengths Plastic Moment
h b t M Resistance (m) of: (m) of: Resistance, kNm
mm mm mm kg/m kN 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 My Mz
150 75 4.0 10.7 662 587 479 343 240 174 - - - 396 210 - - - - - - 22 10
150 75 5.0 13.3 790 699 570 406 284 205 - - - 470 249 - - - - - - 26 12
150 75 6.3 16.5 926 821 671 480 336 243 - - - 554 294 - - - - - - 32 14

200 100 5.0 17.9 1104 1036 946 804 631 482 293 - - 867 566 354 - - - - - 49 21
200 100 6.3 22.3 1353 1266 1152 974 759 577 350 - - 1054 682 424 - - - - - 59 26
200 100 8.0 28.0 1591 1490 1358 1151 901 686 417 - - 1245 810 505 - - - - - 73 32
200 100 10.0 34.5 1863 1746 1593 1352 1059 807 491 - - 1458 949 591 - - - - - 88 56
200 100 12.5 42.4 2192 2054 1873 1588 1243 947 576 - - 1708 1105 687 - - - - - 105 66

250 125 6.3 28.2 1739 1673 1582 1451 1265 1047 682 461 - 1509 1178 808 556 400 - - - 96 42
250 125 8.0 35.4 2136 2052 1937 1772 1538 1265 820 554 - 1847 1432 976 671 482 - - - 118 52
250 125 10.0 43.8 2485 2390 2257 2068 1799 1484 964 652 - 2154 1677 1147 789 568 - - - 142 62
250 125 12.5 53.9 2911 2800 2645 2425 2112 1744 1134 767 - 2523 1964 1343 924 665 - - - 171 110

300 150 8.0 42.8 2648 2585 2481 2346 2162 1917 1370 959 694 2405 2071 1582 1143 839 - - - 174 76
300 150 10.0 53.0 3160 3084 2959 2797 2573 2278 1623 1134 821 2868 2466 1880 1357 995 - - - 211 92
300 150 12.5 65.5 3682 3595 3451 3264 3007 2667 1907 1335 967 3346 2883 2204 1594 1170 - - - 254 110
300 150 16.0 82.5 4392 4289 4116 3894 3590 3186 2281 1597 1157 3989 3435 2624 1896 1391 - - - 312 199

400 200 8.0 57.6 3611 3593 3500 3394 3268 3110 2664 2109 1617 3437 3205 2856 2377 1885 1182 - - 323 138
400 200 10.0 71.5 4418 4391 4275 4143 3984 3782 3217 2525 1928 4198 3908 3468 2869 2266 1415 - - 391 171
400 200 12.5 88.6 5382 5346 5203 5038 4838 4585 3873 3019 2296 5108 4746 4194 3449 2712 1687 - - 474 207
400 200 16.0 112.1 6363 6322 6154 5961 5728 5434 4606 3603 2745 6043 5621 4979 4110 3239 2019 - - 583 254

500 250 10.0 90.0 5643 5643 5557 5437 5304 5149 4742 4163 3468 5485 5241 4917 4463 3873 2675 1846 1330 630 270
500 250 12.5 111.7 6903 6903 6791 6641 6474 6279 5762 5026 4159 6702 6399 5991 5419 4681 3210 2210 1591 764 335
500 250 16.0 141.7 8543 8543 8397 8209 7997 7749 7089 6151 5062 8288 7905 7388 6660 5728 3905 2683 1929 943 413

7 Celsius® 355 Ovals – Sizes and Capacities, EC3 Version

Table 4: Plastic Compression, Bending and Column Axial Compression Resistances for Concrete Filled Ovals with Grade 60
Cylinder Strength Concrete (fck = 60 N/mm2)

Size and thickness Mass Plastic Compression Column Axial Compression Resistance, kN, for y-y axis for effective lengths Column Axial Compression Resistance, kN, for z-z axis for effective lengths Plastic Moment
h b t M Resistance (m) of: (m) of: Resistance, kNm
mm mm mm kg/m kN 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 My Mz
150 75 4.0 10.7 762 660 514 351 242 174 - - - 409 209 - - - - - - 22 10
150 75 5.0 13.3 885 769 601 413 284 205 - - - 481 247 - - - - - - 27 12
150 75 6.3 16.5 1016 886 701 485 335 242 - - - 564 292 - - - - - - 33 14

200 100 5.0 17.9 1283 1189 1064 868 655 490 294 - - 950 578 353 - - - - - 50 21
200 100 6.3 22.3 1524 1412 1263 1031 779 583 349 - - 1131 690 422 - - - - - 61 26
200 100 8.0 28.0 1753 1628 1464 1206 918 690 415 - - 1318 816 501 - - - - - 74 32
200 100 10.0 34.5 2014 1875 1691 1402 1074 809 488 - - 1525 953 586 - - - - - 89 58
200 100 12.5 42.4 2329 2171 1962 1633 1255 947 572 - - 1768 1106 681 - - - - - 107 68

250 125 6.3 28.2 2018 1926 1803 1619 1364 1092 690 462 - 1699 1246 819 556 - - - - 99 42
250 125 8.0 35.4 2403 2294 2147 1930 1627 1304 824 552 - 2026 1492 982 667 - - - - 121 52
250 125 10.0 43.8 2738 2618 2457 2218 1884 1519 966 648 - 2324 1733 1150 783 - - - - 145 62
250 125 12.5 53.9 3147 3012 2831 2565 2190 1775 1133 762 - 2681 2015 1344 916 - - - - 174 113

300 150 8.0 42.8 3046 2957 2822 2640 2383 2054 1405 966 695 2717 2252 1636 1152 837 - - - 179 76
300 150 10.0 53.0 3541 3439 3284 3076 2783 2406 1651 1137 819 3166 2637 1926 1360 989 - - - 216 92
300 150 12.5 65.5 4042 3931 3758 3528 3206 2788 1931 1334 962 3627 3045 2246 1593 1161 - - - 260 110
300 150 16.0 82.5 4723 4597 4399 4137 3773 3296 2299 1593 1149 4247 3582 2657 1891 1379 - - - 317 205

400 200 8.0 57.6 4351 4307 4180 4032 3847 3607 2942 2222 1663 4090 3747 3211 2541 1949 1190 - - 333 138
400 200 10.0 71.5 5134 5081 4932 4757 4538 4255 3470 2621 1961 4828 4427 3799 3013 2313 1414 - - 402 171
400 200 12.5 88.6 6070 6007 5831 5624 5365 5030 4102 3097 2318 5710 5238 4500 3573 2745 1678 - - 485 207
400 200 16.0 112.1 7010 6945 6746 6514 6226 5855 4823 3672 2759 6611 6086 5271 4224 3264 2004 - - 595 254

500 250 10.0 90.0 6799 6799 6653 6489 6300 6074 5457 4597 3682 6551 6204 5714 5016 4179 2742 1859 - 650 270
500 250 12.5 111.7 8022 8022 7849 7655 7433 7166 6437 5422 4342 7733 7326 6753 5937 4954 3256 2209 - 785 335
500 250 16.0 141.7 9611 9611 9406 9174 8908 8590 7719 6508 5215 9269 8785 8105 7137 5966 3929 2668 - 966 413

8 Celsius® 355 Ovals – Sizes and Capacities, EC3 Version

Further reading
5. Tubular Structures, Québec City, Canada,
st nd
31 Aug to 2 Sep 2006, 163-170.

1. Chan, T. M. and Gardner, L. (in press). 6. Gardner, L. and Chan, T. M. (2006).

Compressive resistance of hot-rolled Cross-section classification of elliptical
th
elliptical hollow sections. Engineering hollow sections. Proceedings of the 11
Structures, International Symposium on Tubular
st
doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.04.019. Structures, Québec City, Canada, 31 Aug
nd
to 2 Sep 2006, 171-177.
2. Chan, T. M. and Gardner, L. (2007).
Bending strength of hot-rolled elliptical
hollow sections. Journal of Constructional 7. Ruiz-Teran, A. M. and Gardner, L. (2007).
Steel Research. Elastic buckling of elliptical hollow sections.
rd
Proceedings of the 3 International
Conference on Steel and Composite
3. Gardner, L. and Chan, T. M. (2007). Structures, Manchester, United Kingdom,
th st
Cross-section classification of elliptical 30 July to 1 Aug 2007.
hollow sections. Steel and Composite
Structures, 7(3), 185-200. 8. Gardner, L., Chan, T. M. and Ramos, C.
(2007). Shear resistance of elliptical hollow
4. Chan, T. M. and Gardner, L. (2006). sections. Proceedings of the 3rd
Experimental and numerical studies of International Conference on Steel and
elliptical hollow sections under axial Composite Structures, Manchester, United
th st
compression and bending. Proceedings of Kingdom, 30 July to 1 Aug 2007.
th
the 11 International Symposium on

9. Chan, T. M. and Gardner, L. (2007).

Flexural buckling of elliptical hollow section
rd
columns. Proceedings of the 3
International Conference on Structural
Engineering, Mechanics and Computation,
th th
Cape Town, South Africa, 10 to 12 Sep
2007.

®
9 Celsius 355 Ovals – Sizes and Capacities, EC3 Version
10 Celsius® 355 Ovals – Sizes and Capacities, EC3 Version
www.corusgroup.com

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Copyright 2007
Corus

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