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Technological Advancement and Long-Term Economic G
Technological Advancement and Long-Term Economic G
Technological Advancement and Long-Term Economic G
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4.1 Introduction
Figure 4.1
Patents per capita in 2000: Asia compared to other selected econo-
mies.
Source: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office 2001.
Figure 4.2
Tertiary enrollment rates in Asia compared to other selected econo-
mies
Source: World Bank 2001; World Bank and UNESCO Task Force on
Higher Education and Society 2000.
Figure 4.3
Administrative Burden for start-ups: ‘‘Starting a new business in your
country is generally: (1 ¼ extremely difficult and time consuming,
7 ¼ easy)’’
Source: World Economic Forum 2002.
but Japan ranks 31st, China scores 49th, the Philippines ranks
50th, and Thailand places 51st. Private finance mechanisms for
innovation need to be a key priority in these economies.
A sixth challenge lies in the structure of business enterprises
in Asia. Innovative firms require special conditions of internal
organization, including a high degree of delegation of authority
within enterprises, productivity-based compensation, and in-
ternal learning mechanisms within the firm. Figure 4.4 shows
the GCR results for a question regarding the typical amount of
182 Jeffrey D. Sachs and John W. McArthur
Figure 4.4
Firm investments in staff training: ‘‘In your country, companies’ gen-
eral approach to human resources is to invest (1 ¼ little in training
and development, 7 ¼ heavily to attract, train, and retain staff )’’
Source: World Economic Forum 2002.
4.7 Conclusion
Notes
References