BEM - For the purposes of this Act there is hereby established a board to be called

"Board of Engineers", Malaysia (BEM). The functions of the Board shall be among
others:
-Registration & Regulation of Engineers.
-to hear and determine disputes relating to professional conduct or ethics of registered
Engineers;
-to determine and regulate the conduct and ethics of the engineering profession;
IEM - IEM is a society established to promote and advance the Science and Profession
of Engineering in any or all its disciplines and to facilitate the exchange of information
and ideas related to Engineering. - It is a professional learned society and Institution of
qualifying body for professional engineers in Malaysia.

Conventional Oil
DISADVANTAGE ADVANTAGE
 Need to find substitute within 50 years Ample supply for 42-
93 years
 Large government subsidies Low cost
 Environmental cost not included in market price High net energy
yield
 Artificially low price encourage wastages Easily transport
within and between countries
 Can cause pollution Low land use
INTEGRITY WITH MORALITY ETHICS AND LEGALITY
• Integrity overlaps among the phenomena of morality, ethics and legality.
• Integrity is thus not about good or bad, or right or wrong, or what should or
should not be.
• Integrity provides powerful access to increased performance for individuals,
groups, or organizations.
• Morality, ethics and legality exist in a realm of virtues (high behaviour standard).
• Morality, ethics and legality are about good and bad, right and wrong, or what
should or should not be.
5 Main section For Code Ethics Registered Engineer
• Codes of ethics are written by specific groups of people for specific groups of
people, each group having its own purpose for existence and its own means of
accomplishing its purpose.
• Codes of ethics are to be reflections of the morally permissible standards of
conduct which members of a group make binding upon themselves.
• Your code of ethics defines your responsibilities to society and the environment,
your employer or client, and your fellow engineers.
• Governments - federal, state, and local - impose added responsibilities on
engineers through administrative rules and regulations, and civil and criminal
codes.
• Indicate dedication to professional behavior
Definition and principle of sustainable development by National Society
• “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
• is the challenge of meeting human needs for natural resources, industrial
products, energy, food, transportation, shelter, and effective waste management
• while conserving and protecting environmental quality and the natural resource
base essential for future development.”
•
TERMS OF ETHICS IN ENGINEERING
• means professional ethics for engineers.
• implies a shared understanding of proper conduct guidelines among members of
the engineering profession.
• guided by code of ethics or code of professional conduct.
• With knowledge & skills, engineers have the capability to do services to the
public.
• A Registered Engineer shall at all times hold paramount the safety, health and
welfare of the public.
• A Registered Engineer shall undertake assignments only if he is qualified by
education & experience in the specific technical fields in which he is involved.
• A Registered Engineer shall issue public statements only in an objective and
truthful manner.
• A Registered Engineer shall act for each employer or clients as faithful agent or
trustee.
• A Registered Engineer shall conduct himself honourably, responsibly, ethically
and lawfully so as to enhance the honour, reputation and usefulness of the
profession.

QUESTION 2
• PERSONAL ETHICS - is individual morality usually implies a set of internally
held values;
• may guide our personal beliefs and actions.
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - is usually connected to a shared understanding of
proper conduct guidelines among a group of people associated by means of their
profession;
- Allows diverse, multidisciplinary, and multicultural teams to work in unison toward
common goals.

ABET – Differentiate Between Engineering And Engineering Technology

Engineering - focus on application and implementation. Engineering programs
typically require additional, higher-level mathematics, including multiple semesters of
calculus and calculus-based theoretical science courses.
Engineering Technology - focus on algebra, trigonometry, applied calculus, and
other courses that are more practical than theoretical in nature.
 QUESTION 4
Intelectual Property – IP refers to creations of the mind: inventions; literary and artistic
works; and symbols, names and images used in commerce.
2 Categories -
Industrial Property includes patents for inventions, trademarks, industrial designs and
geographical indications.
Copyright covers literary works (such as novels, poems and plays), films, music, artistic
works (e.g., drawings, paintings, photographs and sculptures) and architectural design.
PATENT , TRADEMARK , COPYRIGHT

PATENT - A patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention.

-The patent owner has the exclusive right to exclude others from unauthorized making,
using, selling, offering for sale and importing the patented product or process, in the
country/countries where the patent was granted.
- The rights attached to patents are valid for a limited time period, which in most
countries is 20 years from the filing date of a patent application. (Malaysia: S.35 PA
1983).
-
TRADEMARK –
A trademark is a distinctive sign that identifies certain goods or services produced or
provided by an individual or a company.
- The owners of marks have the exclusive right to use them to identify goods or
services, or to authorize others to use them in return for payment.
-Trademarks may be one or a combination of words, letters and numerals. They may
consist of drawings, symbols or three dimensional signs, such as the shape and
packaging of goods.

COPYRIGHT - Copyright law protects original works of authorship fixed in any

tangible medium of expression.
- No registration - automatically exist upon creation
- S.7(2A) CA 1987: Copyright does not protect ideas, only the expression of ideas.

GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION - A geographical indication (GI) is a sign used on

products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation
that are due to that origin. INDUSTRIAL DESIGN - Industrial design (ID) refers to
features of shape, configuration, pattern or ornament when applied onto an article by
any industrial process or means, being features which in the finished article, appeals to
the eyes.
-The design may consist of 3D features such as the shape and configuration of an
article, or 2D features, such as pattern and ornamentation.
NON-TRADEMARK – Contain Deceptive Marks
- Contain Scandalous to public morality
- Contain identical mark with registered well known mark.
NON-PATENT - S.13 PA 1983 – scientific theories, mathematical methods, plant or
animal varieties, discoveries of natural substances, commercial methods or methods of
medical treatment (as opposed to medical products) are not generally patentable.
NON-INDUSTRIAL DESIGN - It is a method or principle of construction [s.3(1)(b)];
- Designs contrary to law or morality [s.13];
- Certain specified designs protected under copyright
NEGLIGENCE - Negligence is a failure to use reasonable care that results in harm to
another party.
- In one form, a person does something that a reasonable person would not do.
- In the other form a person fails to take action that a reasonable person would take to
prevent harm.
-
It can be divided into the following levels:
-
- Ordinary negligence means the responsible party has shown a lack of ordinary
diligence;
- Slight or less than ordinary negligence means the responsible party has shown a lack
of great diligence; - Gross negligence means the responsible party has shown a lack
of even slight diligence. There are four important elements to a negligence lawsuit
that must be proven: • The defendant owed a duty, either to the plaintiff or to the
general public
• The defendant violated that duty
• The defendant's violation of the duty resulted in harm to the plaintiff
• The plaintiff's injury was foreseeable by a reasonable person.

RULES OF LAW
The principle that all people and institutions are subject to and accountable to law that is
fairly applied and enforced; the principle of government by law.
- No person can be punished except for a definite breach of law, established in the
ordinary law courts of the land
- No person is above the law and everyone must bear the legal consequences of his
own act. Equality before the law.

CONTRACT
Contracts come in all shapes and sizes. Some are verbal, some written. Some are
formal, some informal. - you make someone an offer
- they accept it
- and you promise to give something - usually money - in return for what you're getting.
The legal term for this promise is "consideration".
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). To meet Malaysian fast economic
growth to become an industrialized state by 2020 . Plug the weakness of 1967 Act.
Provide general guidelines how to create a safe environment at work. All protected.

Ensure our safety, health and welfare at our workplace;

the provision and maintenance of plant and systems of work that are safe and without
risks to health; Formulate safety and health policy:
as often as may be appropriate revise a written statement of his general policy with
respect to the safety and health at work;
- Co-operate with our employer or any other person in the discharge of any duty or
requirement imposed on our employer or that other person by OSHA;
- Wear or use at all times any protective equipment or clothing provided by our employer
for the purpose of preventing risks to our safety and health

- Moral and Ethical Issues

- Respect Human Resources - morale, commitment, image
- Respect their family – pride,
• Legal Issues
- Claims for compensation
- Disruption during the legal process
• Financial Issues is not a JUST legal and moral obligation; it also makes
good business sense. - Increase of Insurance Premium
- Direct Cost
- Indirect Cost HAZARDS
i. Physical Hazards - eg height, force, noise, vibration, lighting, etc
- route -> tissue damage, hearing loss, lifting, manual handling, ergonomic, traffic
hazards, collapse, falling objects
 ii.
Chemical Hazards
- eg. Gas, Liquid,
Vapor, Fumes,
Mist, Dust,
Asbestos, Lead
-route -> Inhalation, skin contact with chemical, ingestion of chemical,
TYPES OF EFFECT – ACUTE – Lot of Exposure
- The reaction happen in short period of time
- CHRONIC – Repeated Small Exposure
- Long period of time
COMMON TYPES OF TOXIC EFFECT
- IRRITATION – Skin – Chemical, Physical, Mechanical and biological
- CANCER - Benzene  Leukemia
- REPRODUCTIVE EFFECT  - Cause the ability to reproduce and fetal
development (eg : Lead > miscarriage)

FACTORS EFFECTING TOXIC EFFECT

Factors related to the agent
- Physical properties
- Solubility in body fluids
Factors related to the Exposure
Situation - Dose: how much and
how long?
Factors related to the individuals
- Individual differences: genetic status and allergic status

MSDS
A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provides detailed information about a specific
hazardous material.