Functions 2019

1a. [5 marks]

Sketch the graph of  , stating the equations of any asymptotes and the coordinates of any

points of intersection with the axes.

Markscheme

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 correct shape: two branches in correct quadrants with asymptotic behaviour      A1

crosses at (4, 0) and        A1A1

asymptotes at  and        A1A1

[5 marks]

1b. [2 marks]

Consider the function .

Write down the largest possible domain of .

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 Markscheme

     A1A1

[2 marks]

1c. [1 mark]

Write down the corresponding range of .

Markscheme

    A1

Note: Follow through from their graph, as long as it is a rectangular hyperbola.

Note: Allow range expressed in terms of .

[1 mark]

2a. [4 marks]

Consider the function , , where , , .

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The following graph shows the curve . It has asymptotes at and and meets

the -axis at A.

On the following axes, sketch the two possible graphs of   giving the equations of any
asymptotes in terms of  and  .

Markscheme

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 either graph passing through (or touching) A        A1

correct shape and vertical asymptote with correct equation for either graph       A1

correct horizontal asymptote with correct equation for either graph       A1

two completely correct sketches       A1

[4 marks]

2b. [4 marks]

Given that  ,  and A has coordinates  , determine the possible sets of values for  , 

and  .

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Markscheme

      A1

from horizontal asymptote,          (M1)

       A1

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 from vertical asymptote, 

= 3,  = −4 or  = −3,  = 4     A1

[4 marks]

3a. [4 marks]

The function is defined by ,0< < 3.

Draw a set of axes showing and values between −3 and 3. On these axes

sketch the graph of , showing clearly any axis intercepts and giving the equations of any
asymptotes.

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Markscheme

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 smooth curve over the correct domain which does not cross the y-axis

and is concave down for  > 1       A1

-intercept at 0.607       A1

equations of asymptotes given as  = 0 and  = 3 (the latter must be drawn)       A1A1

 

[4 marks]

5a. [5 marks]

Let .

The graph of  has a local maximum at A. Find the coordinates of A

[5 marks]

5c. [3 marks]

The coordinates of B can be expressed in the form B where a, b . Find the value of a

and the value of b.

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 Markscheme

      A1

     (M1)A1

Note: Award M1 for the substitution of their value for  into  .

[3 marks]

5d. [4 marks]

Sketch the graph of  showing clearly the position of the points A and B.

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 Markscheme

A1A1A1A1

A1 for shape for x < 0

A1 for shape for x > 0
A1 for maximum at A
A1 for POI at B.

Note: Only award last two A1s if A and B are placed in the correct quadrants, allowing for follow
through.

[4 marks]

6a. [5 marks]

The function is defined by , for .

Find the inverse function  , stating its domain.

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Markscheme

attempt to make the subject of        M1

      A1

     A1

     A1

Note: Do not allow  in place of .

     A1

Note: The final A mark is independent.

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 [5 marks]

6b. [2 marks]

The function is defined by

Express  in the form   where A, B are constants.

Markscheme

     A1A1

[2 marks]

6c. [3 marks]

Sketch the graph of  . State the equations of any asymptotes and the coordinates of any
intercepts with the axes.

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Markscheme

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 hyperbola shape, with single curves in second and fourth quadrants and third quadrant blank,
including vertical asymptote       A1

horizontal asymptote       A1

intercepts       A1

[3 marks]

7a. [3 marks]

Sketch the graphs of  and  on the following axes.

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Markscheme

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 straight line graph with correct axis intercepts      A1

modulus graph: V shape in upper half plane      A1

modulus graph having correct vertex and y-intercept      A1

[3 marks]

7b. [4 marks]

Solve the equation  .

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Markscheme

METHOD 1

attempt to solve       (M1)

      A1

Note: Accept using the graph.

attempt to solve (algebraically)      M1

     A1

[4 marks]

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8a. [4 marks]

Sketch the graph of , showing clearly any asymptotes and stating the coordinates of any

points of intersection with the axes.

Markscheme

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 correct vertical asymptote     A1

shape including correct horizontal asymptote     A1

    A1

    A1

Note:     Accept and marked on the axes.

[4 marks]

9a. [1 mark]

Express in the form .

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 Markscheme

     A1

[1 mark]

9b. [1 mark]

Factorize .

Markscheme

     A1

[1 mark]

9c. [5 marks]

Consider the function .

Sketch the graph of , indicating on it the equations of the asymptotes, the coordinates of the -
intercept and the local maximum.

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Markscheme

A1 for the shape

A1 for the equation

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 A1 for asymptotes and

A1 for coordinates

A1 -intercept

[5 marks]

9d. [1 mark]

Show that .

Markscheme

     M1

     AG

[1 mark]

9e. [2 marks]

Sketch the graph of .

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Markscheme

symmetry about the -axis     M1

correct shape     A1

Note:     Allow FT from part (b).

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[2 marks]

10. [5 marks]

The function  is defined as .

Sketch the graph of , clearly indicating and stating the equations of any asymptotes and the
coordinates of any axes intercepts.

Markscheme

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      A1A1A1A1A1

Note:     Award A1 for correct shape, A1 for  clearly stated and asymptote shown, A1 for

clearly stated and asymptote shown, A1 for and A1 for .

[5 marks]

11a. [2 marks]

The function is given by .

Prove that f(x)=f(-x)

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 Markscheme

    A1

    R1

hence this is an even function     AG

Note:     Award A1R1 for the statement, all the powers are even hence .

Note:     Just stating all the powers are even is A0R0.

Note:     Do not accept arguments based on the symmetry of the graph.

[2 marks]

11b. [3 marks]

Sketch the graph .

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 Markscheme

correct shape in 3 parts which are asymptotic and symmetrical     A1

correct vertical asymptotes clear at 2 and –2     A1

correct horizontal asymptote clear at 3     A1

[3 marks]

11c. [2 marks]

Write down the range of .

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 Markscheme

    A1

     A1

[2 marks]

12a. [2 marks]

Consider the function defined by on the domain .

Show that f(-x)=-f(x)

Markscheme

    M1

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     R1

hence is odd     AG

[2 marks]

12b. [3 marks]

12c. [3 marks]

Hence find the -coordinates of any local maximum or minimum points.

12d. [3 marks]

Find the range of .

Markscheme

-coordinates of the Max Min Points are     M1A1

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 so range of is     A1

Note:     Allow FT from (c) if values of , within the domain, are used.

[3 marks]

12e. [3 marks]

Sketch the graph of indicating clearly the coordinates of the -intercepts and any local
maximum or minimum points.

Markscheme

Shape: The graph of an odd function, on the given domain, s-shaped,

where the max(min) is the right(left) of     A1

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 -intercepts     A1

turning points     A1

[3 marks]

[4 marks]

13a. [2 marks]

State the set of values of for which the function exists, for all .

13b. [6 marks]

Given that , find all the possible expressions of as a function of .

Markscheme

METHOD 1

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 and     M1A1

Note:     Use of any base is permissible here, not just “e”.

    A1

    A1

or     A1A1

METHOD 2

    M1A1

    A1

    A1

or     A1A1

Note: The final two A marks are independent of the one coming before.

[6 marks]

Total [8 marks]

15a. [4 marks]

The function f is defined as .

(i)     Sketch the graph of , clearly indicating any asymptotes and axes intercepts.

(ii)     Write down the equations of any asymptotes and the coordinates of any axes intercepts.

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Markscheme

     A1A1A1

Note:     Award A1 for correct shape, A1 for clearly stated and A1 for clearly stated.

x intercept (2.33, 0) and y intercept (0, –3.5)     A1

Note:     Accept –3.5 and 2.33 (7/3) marked on the correct axes.

[4 marks]

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17a. [2 marks]

Express in the form where a, h, .

Markscheme

    A1A1

Note: A1 for two correct parameters, A2 for all three correct.

17b. [2 marks]

Find the range of f.

Markscheme

    A1A1

Note: A1 for , A1 for .

[2 marks]

18a. [3 marks]

The function f is given by , for x > 0.

Solve the equation .

Markscheme

one line equation to solve, for example, , or equivalent     A1

attempt to solve a three-term equation     M1

obtain     A1

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 or equivalent     A1

Note: Award A0 if an extra solution for x is given.

[4 marks]

19a. [4 marks]

Prove that the equation has two distinct real roots for all values of .

Markscheme

    M1A1

Note: Award M1A1 if expression seen within quadratic formula.

EITHER

    M1

always positive, therefore the equation always has two distinct real roots     R1

(and cannot be always negative as )

OR

sketch of or not crossing the x-axis     M1

always positive, therefore the equation always has two distinct real roots     R1

OR

write as     M1

always positive, therefore the equation always has two distinct real roots     R1

[4 marks]

19b. [3 marks]

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 Find the value of k for which the two roots of the equation are closest together.

Markscheme

closest together when is least     (M1)

minimum value occurs when k = 1.5     (M1)A1

[3 marks]

20. [4 marks]

Show that the quadratic equation has two distinct real roots for all real
values of k .

Markscheme

    M1A1

    (A1)

which is positive for all k     R1

Note: Accept analytical, graphical or other correct methods. In all cases only award R1 if a reason is
given in words or graphically. Award M1A1A0R1 if mistakes are made in the simplification but the
argument given is correct.

[4 marks]

23. [7 marks]

Sketch the graph of . Clearly mark the coordinates of the two maximum points and

the two minimum points. Clearly mark and state the equations of the vertical asymptotes.

Markscheme

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M1A1A1A1A1A1A1 

Note: Award A1 for both vertical asymptotes correct,

M1 for recognizing that there are two turning points near the origin,

A1 for both turning points near the origin correct, (only this A mark is dependent on the M mark)

A1 for the other pair of turning points correct,

A1 for correct positioning of the oblique asymptote,

A1 for correct asymptotic behaviour in all sections.

[7 marks]

25. [5 marks]

The diagram shows the graphs of a linear function f and a quadratic function g.

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On the same axes sketch the graph of . Indicate clearly where the x-intercept and the asymptotes

occur.

Markscheme

39
  

correct concavities     A1A1

Note: Award A1 for concavity of each branch of the curve.

correct x-intercept of (which is EXACTLY the x-intercept of f)     A1

correct vertical asymptotes of (which ONLY occur when x equals the x-intercepts of g)     A1A1

[5 marks]

26. [8 marks]

The graph of is drawn below.

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(a)     Find the value of a, the value of b and the value of c.

(b)     Using the values of a, b and c found in part (a), sketch the graph of on the axes below,

showing clearly all intercepts and asymptotes.

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Markscheme

(a)     an attempt to use either asymptotes or intercepts     (M1)

    A1A1A1

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 (b)    

  

A4

Note: Award A1 for both asymptotes,

A1 for both intercepts,

A1, A1 for the shape of each branch, ignoring shape at .

[8 marks]

27. [6 marks]

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Let .

(a)     State the largest possible domain for f.

(b)     Solve the inequality .

Markscheme

(a)     and     A1A1

(b)

     graph not to

scale

finding crossing points     (M1)

e.g.

x = 0 or x = 1     (A1)

or     A1A1

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Note: Award M1A1A1A0 for solving the inequality only for the case .

[6 marks]

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