Serial No.

: A__CE_270416_Soil Mechanics_KS1

CLASS TEST - 2016

Civil Engineering

Soil Mechanics
CE Date : 27/04/2016

ANSWERS

1. (b) 7. (c) 13. (a) 19. (b) 25. (c)

2. (b) 8. (b) 14. (b) 20. (a) 26. (c)

3. (c) 9. (d) 15. (c) 21. (b) 27. (c)

4. (c) 10. (a) 16. (b) 22. (a) 28. (c)

5. (a) 11. (a) 17. (c) 23. (d) 29. (a)

6. (a) 12. (d) 18. (b) 24. (b) 30. (c)

6 • Soil Mechanics www.madeeasy.in | © Copyright :

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Pune | Jaipur | Patna
Lucknow | Indore | Hyderabad | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata CTCE16

EXPLANATIONS

2. (b)
Given Vv = Vs

Vv Vv 1
Porosity : n= = V +V = = 0.5
V v s 2

Vv
Void ratio : e= V =1
s

3. (c)

(G + e) γ w
γsat =
1+ e

n 0.3
e = = = 0.43
1− n 1 − 0.3

(2.75 + 0.43) × 1
γsat = = 2.22 g/cm3
1 + 0.43

4. (c)
WL = 96%, WP = 24%
IP = WL – WP = 72%

IP 72
Activity, Ac = = = 1.44
%clay 50
The mineral is active, so it will most probably be montmorillonite.

5. (a)

Vv
e =
Vs

or Vv = e.Vs
But V = Vv + Vs = e.Vs + Vs = Vs(1 + e)

V
∴ Vs =
1+ e
Substituting numerical values, we have

3.3 × 105 3
Vs = m = 1.5 × 105 m3
1+ 1.20
If V′ represents the volume of fill having a void ratio of 0.70 that can be filled up with a soil having
Vs = 1.5 × 105 m3, then

7 • Soil Mechanics www.madeeasy.in | © Copyright :

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Pune | Jaipur | Patna
Lucknow | Indore | Hyderabad | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata CTCE16

V′ = Vs(1 + e) = 1.5 × 105 (1 + 0.70) m3

= 2.55 × 105 m3 = 2.55 lakh cubic metre

6. (a)
τ

2θ
θ = 90°
σ3 σ1 σ

A plane inclined at an angle θ = 45° to the horizontal plane is represented by the radius making
are angle 2θ with the σ axis.
The state of stress is represented by Point ‘P’

 σ1 − σ 3 
P= 
 2 
= Normal stress,

σ1 + σ3
and = Shear stress.
2

7. (c)
Skempton’s B-parameter is given by

1
B =
C 
1+ n  v 
 Cs 

Cv is volume compressibility of pore fluid under isotropic conditions

Cs is the coefficient of compressibility of the soil skeleton n is porosity
In a fully saturated soil, the compressibility of the pore water (Cv) is negligible compred with the
compressibility of the soil mass (Cs). Therefore, the ratio (Cv/Cs) tends to zero and the coefficient
B becomes equal to unity.
In a partially saturated soil, the compressibility of the air in the voids is high. The ratio (Cv/Cs) has
a value greater than unity, and, therefore, the pore pressure coefficient B has a value of less than
unity.

9. (d)

Kp
will be the ratio of passive to active earth pressure.
Ka

8 • Soil Mechanics www.madeeasy.in | © Copyright :

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Pune | Jaipur | Patna
Lucknow | Indore | Hyderabad | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata CTCE16

Kp F 1 + sin φ IJ
= G
2

Ka H 1 − sin φ K
2
 1 + sin30o 
=  o 
 =9
 1 − sin30 

10. (a)
2
Sf  Bf Bp + 0.3
=  × 
Sp  Bp Bf + 0.3 
2
40 B 0.3 + 0.3 
=  f ×
20  0.3 B f + 0.3 
Bf = 724 mm
 Bf  724
Now, qnf = qup  B  = 22 × 300 = 53.09 t/m2
 p

13. (a)

4
Since it is a case of double drainage path thus d = =2m
2
for U = 70% of total settlement
Tv = 1.781 – 0.933 log10 (100 – U)
= 1.781 – 0.933 log10 (100 – 70)
= 0.403

Tvd2 0.403 × (200)2

⇒ Cv = ⇒t=
t 0.03
= 537.33 × 103 min = 373 days
14. (b)
Depth of tension crack,

2c
Zc = γ k
a

1 − sin26
ka = = 0.39
1 + sin26

2× 4
Zc = = 0.64 m
20 0.39

9 • Soil Mechanics www.madeeasy.in | © Copyright :

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Pune | Jaipur | Patna
Lucknow | Indore | Hyderabad | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata CTCE16

16. (b)

W − WP
Liquidty index = × 100
IP

40 − 25
⇒ 50 = × 100
IP

⇒ IP = 30%
Also, IP = Wl – WP
⇒ Wl = 30 + 25 = 55%

17. (c)
H
Kv =
H1 H2 H3
+ +
K1 K 2 K3

9
= = 1.33 × 10–3 cm/s
3 2 4
+ +
3 × 10−3 6.5 × 10−2 7 × 10−4
For continuity of flow, velocity is the same
∆h ∆h
K3 ⋅ = K V ⋅ total ,
L H
where ∆htotal = total head loss in three layers
∆h H
∴ ∆htotal = K3 ⋅ ⋅
L Kv
0.50 9
= 7 × 10 −4 × × = 1.184 m
2 1.33 × 10−3

18. (b)

γ w e3 2
K ∝ d
µ 1+ e

γ
K = C
µ

0.9 γ γ
⇒ K2 = C = 1.5C
0.6µ µ

K 2 − K1
⇒ × 100 = 50%
K1

10 • Soil Mechanics www.madeeasy.in | © Copyright :

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Pune | Jaipur | Patna
Lucknow | Indore | Hyderabad | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata CTCE16

19. (b)

2.3 aL h 
k = log10  1 
At  h2 

2.3 aL  27  2.3 aL  27 
⇒ k = A × 10 log10  3  = At
log10  
 9

log10 9 log10 3
⇒ =
10 t

2log10 3 10log10 3
⇒ =
10 t
⇒ t = 5 min

20. (a)
Thickness of each layer is same i.e.
h1 = h2 = h3

k1h1 + k 2h2 + k 2h3

kh =
h1 + h2 + h3

k + 2k + 3k
= = 2k
3

h1 + h2 + h3
kv =
 h1 h2 h3 
 + + 
 k1 k2 k 3 

3 18
= = k
1 1 1 11
 + + 
 k 2k 3k 

kh 11 × 2 22
= =
kv 18 18

21. (b)
Mass of the soil solid, ms = 2290 gm
Mass of dry soil md = 2035 gm
Specific gravity G = 2.68
Volume, V = 1.15 × 10–3 m3

2035 × 10 −3
∴ Density of dry soil γd = = 1769.565 kg/m 3
1.15 × 10 −3

11 • Soil Mechanics www.madeeasy.in | © Copyright :

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Pune | Jaipur | Patna
Lucknow | Indore | Hyderabad | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata CTCE16

Gγ w
∵ γd =
1+ e
2.68 × 1000
⇒ 1769.565 =
1+ e
⇒ e = 0.51
∴ Void ratio, e = 0.51
e
Porosity n = = 0.338
1+ e
m w 2290 − 2035
Water content w = = = 0.125
md 2035
m
md =
1+ w
2290
⇒ 2035 =
1+ w
⇒ w = 0.125
∴ wG = es
0.125 × 2.68
⇒ =s
0.51
⇒ s = 0.657
∴ Degree of saturation = 0.66
Air content, =1–s
= 1 – 0.657
= 0.343

22. (a)

90

90

B = 2.10 m

B = 90 × 2 + 30 = 210 cm ; c = 70 kN/m2

As = πdL = π(0.3)10 = 9.425 m2

12 • Soil Mechanics www.madeeasy.in | © Copyright :

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Pune | Jaipur | Patna
Lucknow | Indore | Hyderabad | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata CTCE16

(a) Pile failing individually

Qun = nQup

Qun = n(α c As) = 9(0.6 × 70 × 9.425) = 3562.6 kN ...(i)

(a) Piles failing in group

Qug = c (4 BL) = 70 × 4 × 2.1 × 10 = 5880 kN ...(ii)

Lesser of (i) and (ii) = 3562.65 kN

3562.65 3562.65
∴ Safe load, Qs = = =1425 kN
F 2.5

23. (d)
Mwax = 700 – 650 = 50 gm
γwax = 0.9 × 1 = 0.9 gm/cc
Vw = V1 + Vwax
Mw ax
V1 = Vw – Vwax = 400 –
γ w ax

50
V1 = 400 – = 344.4 mL
0.9
M 650
ρ = V = = 1.89 gm/cc
1 344.4
ρ 1.89
ρd = = = 1.57 gm/cc
1+ w 1.20
Gρw
ρd =
1+ e
2.65 × 1
1.57 =
1+ e
e = 0.69

24. (b)
For c – φ soil active earth pressure

pa = γzKA – 2c K A

1 − sin15° 0.75
KA = = = 0.6
1 + sin15° 1.25

at z=0
pa = –2 × 15 × 0.6
= 23.2 kN/m2

13 • Soil Mechanics www.madeeasy.in | © Copyright :

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Pune | Jaipur | Patna
Lucknow | Indore | Hyderabad | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata CTCE16

25. (c)
H = 7.2 m
β = 9°
φ = 27°
γ = 20 kN/m3

β = 9°

Wall
7.2 m
pa or pp

2.4 m

9°
Retaining wall with inclined surcharge
and pressure distribution

According to Rankine’s theory,

 cos β − cos2 β − cos2 φ   cos9 ° − cos2 9 ° − cos2 27° 

ka = cos β   = cos9 °  
 cos9 ° + cos2 9 ° − cos2 27° 
 cos β + cos β − cos φ 
2 2

= 0.988 × 0.397 = 0.392

 cos β + cos2 β − cos2 φ  1

Kp = cos β   = 0.988 × = 2.488
 cos β + cos β − cos φ  0.397
2 2

Total active thrust per metre run of the wall

1 2 1
γ .H .Ka = × 20 × (7.2) × 0.392 = 203.2 kN
2
Pa =
2 2
Total passive resistance per metre run of the wall
1 1
γ .H2 .Kp = × 20 × (7.2) × 2.488 = 1289.8 kN
2
Pp =
2 2
Pp 1289.8
Hence, Pa = 203.2 = 6.35
26. (c)
qnu = cuNc

50
where cu = = 25 kN/m2
2
Nc = 6( 1+ 0.2 Df/b)
for Df = 0, we get Nc = 6
∴ qnu = 25 × 6 = 150 kN/m2

14 • Soil Mechanics www.madeeasy.in | © Copyright :

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Pune | Jaipur | Patna
Lucknow | Indore | Hyderabad | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata CTCE16

27. (c)
For clayey soils

Sf B
= f
Sp Bp

Sf 1000
⇒ =
15 300
⇒ Sf = 50 mm

28. (c)
Let VA, Vv, Vw, Vs and V be the volume of air voids, volume of void , volume of water, volume of sand
and total volume of the original sample respectively.

Va V
⇒ V = Vs + Vw + Va, na = , a c = a and V = V + V
V Vv v w a

New volume, VN = Vs + Vw + Va + Vw + Va
Volume of voids get doubled after remoulding and this increased volume is observed in the volume
of air voids only as the water content is not changing.
⇒ VN = V + Vw + Va

New volume of air voids

New percentage air void =
New volume

V 1
1+ v 1+
Va + (Vw + Va ) Va + Vv Va ac
= = = =
V + (Vw + Va ) V + Vv V V 1 1
+ v +
Va Va na a c

na (1 + a c )
=
na + a c

29. (a)
Allowable load as per Engineering news for mula with a factor of safety of 6

1  Whηn  1  22.5 × (1.2 × 100) × 1

Qu =   =  
6 S+c  6 1.25 + 0.254
= 299.2 kN ≈ 300 kN
C for steam hammer = 0.254 cm
W = weight of hammer (kN)
h = height of fall (cm)
S = Penetration of pile per hammer flow (cm)

15 • Soil Mechanics www.madeeasy.in | © Copyright :

 Delhi | Noida | Bhopal | Pune | Jaipur | Patna
Lucknow | Indore | Hyderabad | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata CTCE16

30. (c)

D20 − Di2
Area ratio = × 100
Di2

(30)2 − (25)2
= × 100 = 44%
(25)2

„„„„

16 • Soil Mechanics www.madeeasy.in | © Copyright :