Nama : Timotius Niviano Maulana Putera

Fakultas : Psikologi
NPM : 12120160005

Psikologi Umum 2
( Pertemuan 1 )

MOTIVATION & EMOTION

SYMPHATETIC DIVISION
 Triggered by threatening or challenging physical or phychological stimuli
 Increases psychological arousal and prepares the body for action
 For example the sight of frightening snake woul riggered the sympathetic divison e.g:
arouse the action body such as fighting, scare, scream or fleeing

PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION
  Return the body to a calmer, relaxed state, and is involved in disgestion
 For example if we feel calm and relaxed or disgesting food, the parasympathetic
system activated

OUR BRAIN
HYPOTHALAMUS:
The part of the forebrain involved
with motives, emotion, and the
function of the autonomic nervous
system.

THEORIES OF
EMOTION
1. James-Lange Theory

The theory that conscious emotional experiences are caused by feedback to this
cerebral cortex from psychological reactions and behavior. Thus the reaction to the changes
in the body is the emotion.
2. Cannon-Bard Theory

The theory that conscious emotional experiences and psychological reaction and
behavior are relatively independent events. A person receives stimulus, the resulting neural
impulse is sent to the hypothalamic region which than sends neural impulses to:
3. Cognitive Theory
The theory that the cognitive interpretation of events in the outside world and stimuli
from our own bodies is the key factor in emotions.
 - A stimuli is recieved by the individual who then makes a value judgment of
incoming stmuli from the environment.
- The interpretation results in autonomic arousal of feelings, accompanied by
actions of the bodily changes.
Emotionally toned behavior, which increased or inhibited by voluntary activity
occurs.

CULTURE IN EMOTION

JAPANESE:
Tends to discourage the expression of negative emotions.
BRAZIL:
Businessman more aggressive.
MONK:
More blissfull than others.
BRITISH:
Tend more arrogant and not care to other.
 CROSS CULTURAL FACIAL EXPRESSIONS

HAPPINESS

SURPRISE

ANGER

SADNESS

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

WESTERN PRIMITIVE

ATTEMPS TO CLASSIFY EMOTIONS:

1. Descartes: listed six basic emotions: 1. Desire, 2. Hate, 3. Wonder, 4. Joy, 5. Sorrow, 6.
Love.
2. Watson claimed that there were only three truly unlearned emotions: 1. Love, 2.
Rage/anger and, 3. Fear.
3. Kretch & crutchfield classify emotions on a hierarchical, starting with basic states:
1. Primary emotions, e.g. joy, fear, anger, grief
2. Sensory stimulation emotions, e.g. horror, pain, disgust, delight
3. Self – appraisal emotions, e.g. shame, pride, guilt
4. Emotions pertaining to other people, e.g. love, hate, pity
5. Appreciative emotions, e.g. humor, beauty, awe
6. Moods, e.g. sadness, anxiety, elation

SEVEN EMOTIONS:
Joy Disgust
Fear Guilt
Shame Anger
Sadness

THE PERSUIT OR DETECTION OF HAPPINESS

 - Does money buy happiness?
- Does having friends & romantic partner make you happy?
- Does work make you happy?
- Does religion make you happy?
- Are some people in herently more likely to be happy? (hall empty or half full?)
- Does the happiness due to the genetics factors?
- Does the happiness due to our hands or culture? (Denmark, Jawa, Japan, USA)

EMOTIONS:
Is the positive or negative feelings response generally in reaction to some meaningfull
stimulus that are involving accompanied by psychological arousal and related behavior and or
bodily resonance.

AGGRESSION:
Emotional and Motivational Aspects.

FREUD’S INSTINCT THEORY:

The theory that aggression is caused by an in born aggressive instinct, the process of
releasing instinctual energy is called Catharsis (yelling, playing violent games, hitting the
bag).

BERKOWITZ’s FRUSTRATION-AGGRESSION THEORY:

The theory believed that aggression in a natural reaction to the frustration of
important motives.

BANDURA’s SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY:

The theory believe someone become aggresisive if we have to learned to do so from
other people (yelling not decreasing violance).
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECT, DURATION AND
RESPONSE TO FRUSTRATION
1. Familiarity and expectedness of the barrier
2. Strength and permanence of barrier
3. Degree of ego involvement
4. Emotional quality of the frustration
5. Degree of frustration tolerance
6. Number and nature of alternate need satisfying behaviors
7. Prior experience with this type and intensity of motive and frustration

SOURCES OF BARRIERS:
a. Physical deficiencies, whether lifelong or acquired
b. Social cultural obstacle, as class barriers caste systems and
c. Psychological deficiencies, whether real or imagined. The major source of barriers
appears to be internal conflict.

COGNITIVE THEORY OF AGGRESSION:

 Superiority
 Victim of injustice
 Vulnerability
 Distrust
 Helplessness (Israel)
 Sanctions from God (martir)

EMOTIONAL HEALING TECHNIQUE:

Untuk mencapai keikhlasan dan ketentraman hati melalui brainware and energy
psychology untuk menciptakan emosi negatif menjadi bebas, damai dan ikhlas yang akan
menimbulkan:
 Peningkatan kekuatan pikiran
 Kecerdasan emosi
 Kekuatan untuk bangkit
 Membuat senang dan bahagia

IKHLAS MELALUI RELAKSASI:

 Menghapus luka batin dan trauma masa lalu
 Mengatasi aspek emosional dan penyakit kronis
 Berdamai dengan diri sendiri dan menghadirkan rasa bahagia dihati
 Menikmati perasaan bahagia, sehat dan segar
 Memiliki ketrampilan stress manajemen dan meditasi instan

MOTIVATION:
 Is the internal state or condition that activates and gives direction to our thoughts,
feelings and actions.

THE MOTIVATED BEHAVIOR CYCLE (CONTINUED)

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Tension
Reduced Tensions

MOTIVATION
A basic classification motives, or drives are generally classified into
1. Primary drives are those which emerge without learning in the course of maturation.
The are physociological in nature and object.
 2. Secondary drives and their goals develop primarily thought learning. They are
psychological and social in nature.

Physociological
Psychological
MOTIVATION WANT NEED MOTIVE
Socio - Culture
Teological, etc