MAKALAH ENGLISH

“FIRST AID”

Dosen Pembimbing : Moh Samsul Arifin, MM

Disusun Oleh:

Novia Citra

Rofika Dewi

Ramadhani Alvan Hidayatullah

PRODI D3 KEPERAWATAN

SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN HAFSHAWATY

PESANTREN ZAINUL HASAN

PADJARAKAN-PROBOLINGGO
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE

FOREWORD

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Preliminary

CHAPTER II REVIEW REFERENCES

A. First Aid Definition

B. The purpose of first aid
C. Obligations of a first aid offender or first aid to sufferers
D. Basic principles in handling first aid or first aid should be done
E. Steps by steps First Aid

CHAPTER V CLOSING

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 FOREWORD

Our gratitude extends the presence of Allah, who is at His mercy so that we can
complete the preparation of a paper entitled "First aid". Writing this paper is one of the
assignments given in the English in Stikes Hafsyawaty Zainul Hasan course.

In the writing of this paper we feel there are still many shortcomings both in technical
writing and material, given the capabilities that we have. For this reason, I would expect
criticism and suggestions from all parties for the improvement of this paper.

In writing this paper, we extend our deepest gratitude to those who helped in

completing this paper, especially to our lecturer, Moh Syamsul Arifin, MM . Who has
given the task and guide me, so we can complete this task.

Genggong,14 April 2020

 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

First and immediate assistance given to any person suffering from either a minor or
serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from
worsening, or to promote recovery. It includes initial intervention in a serious condition prior
to professional medical help being available, such as performing cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) while waiting for an ambulance, as well as the complete treatment of
minor conditions, such as applying a plaster to a cut.

A First aid is generally performed by someone with basic medical training. Mental

health first aid is an extension of the concept of first aid to cover mental
health,while psychological first aid is used as early treatment of people who are at risk for
developing PTSD.Conflict First Aid, focused on preservation and recovery of an individual's
social or relationship well-being, is being piloted in Canada.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW REFERENCES

A. First Aid

First aid is first aid or first aid for sufferers of illness, injury, or accidents that require
basic medical treatment (actions based on medical science by lay people or lay people need
special assistance).

First and immediate assistance given to any person suffering from either a minor or
serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from
worsening, or to promote recovery. It includes initial intervention in a serious condition prior
to professional medical help being available, such as performing cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) while waiting for an ambulance, as well as the complete treatment of
minor conditions, such as applying a plaster to a cut.

A First aid is generally performed by someone with basic medical training. Mental

health first aid is an extension of the concept of first aid to cover mental
health,while psychological first aid is used as early treatment of people who are at risk for
developing PTSD.Conflict First Aid, focused on preservation and recovery of an individual's
social or relationship well-being, is being piloted in Canada.

B. The purpose of first aid or first aid is as follows:

 To save the lives of sufferers,

 To prevent sufferers from disability, and

 To provide comfort and support the maintenance process

C. Obligations of a first aid offender or first aid to sufferers are as follows:
 Maintain the saf
 ety of self, team, people around and sufferers,
 Can reach sufferers
 Can recognize and overcome life-threatening problems of sufferers,
 Ask for referrals or help, and
 Give first aid quickly and precisely.

D. Basic principles in handling first aid or first aid should be done:

 Do not move a patient's position except to save him from other dangers,
 Take immediate action if the victim suffers from shortness of breath, burns, or shock,
and
 Do not give any liquid to the victim.

E. Steps by steps :
The steps of early assessment that must be done by a helper to the patient is to
first identify the cases faced by the patient, whether trauma cases (have visible signs
on the patient's limbs such as open wounds, bruises, broken bones, etc. accompanied
by disorders awareness) or medical cases (without any visible signs on the limbs, for
example shortness of breath, fainting, etc.)
1. Pay attention to the victim's response
a) Beware: aware of its existence (environment, time, and name)
b) Sound: act when you hear a sound (can answer or follow simple commands)
c) Pain: the victim can only feel pain stimulation provided by the helper (pinched or
pressed in the middle of the chest)
d) No response: unconscious
2. Make sure the victim's airway is open properly
If the patient does not have a spinal injury use the forehead chin lift technique
(ADTD), otherwise if there is a spinal injury then use the lower jaw pusher (PPRB)
technique. Examination of the airway can not be done only once, but periodically,
especially for patients who have severe injuries or frequent vomiting.
3. Assess breathing
Do it by LDR (See Hearings) for 3-5 minutes with indicators that are not
limited to breath but also the quality of breathing.
4. Assess circulation and stop heavy bleeding
a) For response pain, check for radile (wrist) pulses and in infants check for brachial
pulse (inside upper arm).
b) For patients who are unresponsive, check the carotid (neck) and in infants remain on
the brachial (inner arm). Do it for 5-10 seconds. If there is no pulse then perform an
RJP.
5. Contact for help
If it is necessary to ask for help or referral then immediately do it clearly (the
number of victims, the address of the incident, the condition of the victim, as well as
any assistance needed) to the person being asked for help.
 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

A. Conclusion

Knowledge of first aid as well as effective. Administration of the same will not only
help us in time of necessity, but also makes life enjoyable one filled with confidence.

Prevention is better than cure is an old adage but a gold one is that it gives the fredom
feom cure. A first aid training course will do a world of good for having this atmosphere and
confidence in ourselves and expression of love and affection to our family members and all
 Bibliography

First aid manual: 9th edition. Dorling Kindersley. 2009.