Fracture Identification By

FMI

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Image analysis and interpretation
• Describe Structures such as faults and fractures
• Define characterized sedemntary bodies and environment
• Determine dip direction
• Recognize and evaluate thin beds and internal bed characteristics
• Complement core data

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Structural analysis
Resistivity image provide a high degree of borehole coverage and high
data density this will provide benefit such as:
- Detection of fracture and faults
- Discrimination of sedimentary beds
- Visualization of complex structure
Faults will show as features that are similar to fracture but with more
displacement from one side to the other. The displacement may
produce depth shifts between the two sides of the event often with
different textures or a loss of continuity between the two sides and
often accompanied by abrupt changes in dip.
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 FMI Tool Specification
FMI Specifications
Vertical resolution 0.2 in.
Measuring electrodes 192
Pads and flaps 8
Coverage 80% in 8-in.
Max temperature 350°F [175°C]
Mud Environment Water Base Mud

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FMI Measurment
• FMI measurement principle uses passive
focusing around measurement electrode forcing
high frequency current into the formation

• Alternating current flows into formation between

cartridge and pad section and vice versa with lower
frequency

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Fracture through borehole
• When the borehole
intersect the fracture
plane, the boundary of
fracture inside the
borehole will make
sinusoid if we imagine
2D plane for the
borehole

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Compare between Core and FMI image

• FMI image has high resolution such as it can

show approximately same details as the core
image.

• The black dote represent plug sample

collected

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Example FMI conglomirate

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Example Vugs
• In this image the black dots represent vugy zone. It
is filled with fluid and the fluid is conductive so it
appear in black colour.

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Fracture could be open or closed
• Open fracture are filled with mud shale or pyrite are more conductive
than the surrounding formation. They will appear as slightly irregular
dark features that may not be seen by each pad.
• Since fractures are not perfectly planar surfaces they will appear as
vertical or inclined features that are seldom straight and are often
seen over a relatively long interval.
• Fracture that are healed by cementation from formation fluids rich in
salts produce images that are characterized by fine vertical or oblique
features these fractures are resistive and therefore will appear in
lighter color or brighter color
• The minimum detected fracture width is controlled by the width of
the electrode which is on the order of few millimeters
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Example Freacture
• The blue sinusoid represent
Fracture
• The blue tadbot in the second
trac represent the azimuth and
the magnitude of fracture

• Azimuth is the direction where

the fracture dip from 0-360

• Magnitude is the dip angle

from 0-90 Schlumberger-Private
Fault examples

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Close Fractures example
• If the fracture filled with minerals it
will be resistive hence it will be
appeared with bright color on
resistivity image.
• Halo effect is happen when some of
the receiver pass through the
fracture plan and some still below

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Halo effect

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Fault example

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Fracture example

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