BUILDING CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR MASONRY STRUCTURES AND COMMENTARY c-l

PART 1: GENERAL

CHAPTER 1
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

TMS 402 CODE COMMENTARY

- Scope Scope
1.1 1.1
-
1.1.1 Minimum requirements 1.1.1 Minimumrequirements
This Code provides minimum requirements for the This Code governs structural design ofboth
structural design and construction of masonry consisting of structural and non-structural masonry. Examples of non-
masonry units bedded in mortar. strucfural masonry are masonry veneer, glass unit
masonry, and masonry partitions. Structural design
aspects of non-structural masonry include, but are not
Iimited to, gravity and lateral support, and load transfer
to supporting members.

; Masonry stnrotures may be required to have enhanced

stnrctural ictegrity as part of a comprehensive design
against progfessive collapse due to accident, misuse,
sabotage or other causes. General design guidance
addressing this issue is available in Commentary Section
1.4 of ASCE 7. Suggestions from that Commentary, of
specific application to many masonry structures, include
but are not limited to: consideration of plan layout to
incorporate returns on walls, both interior and exterior;
use of load-bearing interior walls; adequate continuity of
walls, ties, and joint rigidity; providing walls capable of
beam action; ductile detailing and the use of
compartmental ized construction.

1.1.2 Governing building code

This Code supplements the legally adopted building
code and shall govern in matters pertaining to structural
design and construction of masonry. In areas without a
legally adopted building code, this Code defines the
minimum acceptable standards of design and
construction practice.

1.1.3 SI information 1.1.3 SI information

SI values shown in parentheses are not part of this The equivalent equations for use with SI units are
Code. The equations in this document are for use with the provided in the Equation Conversions table in Part 5.
specified inch-pound units only.
 c-2 TMS 402-16

TMS 402 CODE

Es
(Ec) 1.2- Contract documents and calculations 1.2 Gontract documents and calculations
8> -
The provisions for preparation of project drawings, project
6E spwifications, and issuance ofperrnits are, in generaf consistent
$E with those of most legally adopted building codes and are
intended as stpplements to those codes.
E5
This Code is not intended to be made a part of the
contract documents. The contractor should not be required
through contract documents to assume responsibility for
design (Code) requirements, unless the consffuction entity
is acting in a design-build capacity.

1.2.1 Show all Code-required drawing items on the 1.2.1 This Code lists some of the more important
proj ect drawings, including: items of information that must be included in the project
(a) Name and date of issue of Code and supplement to *I."+Hingr .g_r".pr"qj"gp-t.p;pifi9ations. This is not an ,all-
[ist, and additional iteffi may be required by the
which the design conforms. *,$.$,GI*1,$"1--JP
,.tiiri*ilirie official. I

(b) Loads used for the design of masonry structures.

(c) Specified compressive sfrength ofmasonry at stated ages
or stages of construction for which masonry is designed,
for each part ofthe stucture, except for masonry designed
in accordance with Part 4 or Appendix A.
(d) Size and location of structural members.
(e) Details of anchorage of masonry to structural
members, frames, and other construction, including the
type, size, and location of connectors.
(0 Details of reinforcement, including the size, grade,
type, lap splice length, and location of reinforcement.
(g) Reinforcing bars to be welded and welding requirements.

(h) Provision for dimensional changes resulting from

elastic deformation, creep, shrinkage, temperature, and
moisture.

(i) Size and permitted location of conduits, pipes, and

sleeves.

1.2.2 Each portion of the structure shall be
designed based on the specified compressive strength of
masonry for that part of the structure, except for portions
designed in accordance with Part 4 or Appendix A.
1.2.2 Masonry design performed in accordance with
engineered methods is based on the specified compressive
strength ofthe masonry. For engineered masonry, structural
adequacy of
masonry construction requires that the
compressive sffength of masonry equals or exceeds the
specified strength. Masonry design by prescriptive
approaches relies on rules and masonry compressive
strength need not be verified.

1.2.3 The contract documents shall be consistent
with design assumptions.
1.2.4 Contract documents shall speciff
minimum level of quality assurance as defined in Section
3.1, or shall include an itemized quality assurance program
that equals or exceeds the requirements of Section 3.1.
1.2.3 The contract documents must accuratelyreflect
design requirements. For example, joint and opening
locations assumed in the design should be coordinated with
locations shown on the drawings.
the 1,2.4 Verification that masonry constuction
eonfonns to the contract documents is iequired by this
Code. A program of quality assurance must be included in
the contract documents to satisff this Code requirement.
BUILDING CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR MASONRY STRUCTURES AND COMMENTARY

TMS 402 CODE COMMENTARY

1.3 Alternative design or method of 1.3 Alternative design or method of
-
construction -
construction
The provisions of this Code and the TMS 602 New methods of design, new materials, and new uses
Specification referenced within this Code are not intended of materials must undergo a period of development before
to prohibit a design or exclude a method of construction being specifically addressed by a code. Hence, valid
within the scope of this Code and the Specification but not systems or components might be excluded from use by
specifically prescribed therein, provided such design or implication if means were not available to obtain
method of construction has been approved by the authority acceptance. This section permits proponents to submit data
having jurisdiction. substantiating the adequacy of their system or component

1.4 Standards cited in this Code 1.4 cited in this Gode

- -Standards
Standards of the American Concrete Institute, the These standards are referenced in this Code. Specific
American Society of Civil Engineers, ASTM International, dates are listed h,ere beca.U$g changes to the standard may
the American Welding Society, and The Masonry Society result in changes of properties :or piocedures.
cited in this Code are listed below with their serial
Contact information for these organizations is given
designations, including year of adoption or revision, and
are declared to be part of this Code as if fully set forth in
below: :

this document. ,
tl

TMS 602-16 Specification for Masonry Structures

- Aq@n:Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
ANSI Al37 .l-12 Standard Specification for Ceramic Tile I80t Alexander Bell Drive
-
ASCE 7-16 Minimum Design Loads and Associated Reston, VA 20191
-
Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures www.asce.org

ASTM A4l6lA416M-16 Standard Specification for American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
-
Low-Relaxation Seven-Wire Steel Strand for 25 West 43rd Street,
Prestressed Concrete New York, NY 10036
ASTM A4211A421M-15 Standard Specification for www.ansi.org
Stress-Relieved -
Steel Wire for Prestressed Concrete
ASTM International
ASTM A7061A706M-16 Standard Specification for 100 Barr Harbor Drive
Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959
Reinforcement www.astm.org
ASTM A7221A722M-15 Standard Specification for High-
-
Strength Steel Bars for Prestressed Concrete American Welding Society (AWS)
5669 NW 36th Sffeet, Suite 130
ASTM C34-13 Standard Specification for Structural Miami, Florida 33 I 66-667 2
-
Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile www.aws.org
ASTM C55-l4a Standard Specification for Concrete
Building Brick- The Masonry Society (TMS)
105 South Sunset Street, Suite Q
ASTM C62-l3a Standard Specification for Building Longmonf Colorado 80501 -6 I 72
-
Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale) www.masonrysocieE.org
ASTM C73-14 Standard Specification for Calcium
Silicate Brick (Sand-Lime Brick)

ASTM C90-14 Standard Specification for Loadbearing

-
Concrete Masonry Units
ASTM Cl26-15 Standard Specification for Ceramic
-
Glazed Structural Clay Facing Tile, Facing Brick, and
Solid Masonry Units
 TMS 402-16

TMS 402 CODE GGlt#,ltitiH li, V, ,', , ,

ASTM Cl40[40M-15 tr Standard Test Methods for

Sampling and Testing- Concrete Masonry Units and
Related Units

ASTM C2l6-15 Standard Specification for Facing

-
Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)
ASTM C426-15'1 Standard Test Method for Linear
- of Concrete Masonry Units
Drying Shrinkage
ASTM C476-10 Standard Specification for Grout for
Masonry
-
ASTM C482-02 (2014) Standard Test Method for Bond
-
Strength of Ceramic Tile to Portland Cement Paste

ASTM C652-15 Standard Specification for Hollow Brick

- Units Made frorn Clay or Shale)
(Hollow Masonry wnfu)*'t**nliiiMb&*iiri;&''
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ASTM C744-14 Standard Spocification for Prefaced , 4
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-
Concrete and Calcium Silicate Masonry Units ,E ;
4

ASTM C1006-07 (2013)

-- Standard Test Method for
Splitting Tensile Strengthpf Masonry Units
ASTM C1088-14 Standard Specification for Thin
Veneer Brick Units Made from Clay or Shale

ASTM C1405-15 Standard Specification for Glazed

- Brick Units)
Brick (Single Fired,
ASTM Cl6l llcl6llM-14 Standard Test Method for
-
Slump Flow of Self-Consolidating Concrete

ASTM C1634-15 Standard Specification for Concrete

Facing Brick
-
ASTM C1693-1 1 Standard Specification for Autoclaved
-
Aerated Concrete (AAC)

ASTM E111-04 (2010) Standard Test Method for

Young's Modulus, Tangent Modulus, and Chord
Modulus
ASTM E488-96 (2003) Standard Test Methods for
-
Strength ofAnchors in Concrete and Masonry Elements

AWS D l.4lDl.4M 2011 Stuctural Welding Code

Reinforcing Steel
- -