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Solution Manual For Optical Fiber Communications 4th Edition by Gerd Keiser 170719015728 PDF
Solution Manual For Optical Fiber Communications 4th Edition by Gerd Keiser 170719015728 PDF
Keiser
https://getbooksolutions.com/download/solution-manual-optical-fiber-
communications-4th-edition-by-keiser
2.1
40cos 2108 t 210 e z
(a) amplitude = 8 m
= [a1 cos 1 + a2 cos 2] cos t + [a1 sin 1 + a2 sin 2] sin t
Since the a's and the 's are constants, we can set
a1 cos 1 + a2 cos 2 = A cos (1)
provided that constant values of A and exist which satisfy these equations. To
verify this, first we square both sides and add:
1
A2 (sin2 + cos2 ) = a 21 sin2 1 cos2 1
or
A2 = a 12 a 22 + 2a1a2 cos (1 - 2)
a 1 sin1 a 2 sin2
tan =
a 1 cos 1 a 2 cos 2
Ey
= cos (t - kz) cos - sin (t - kz) sin (2.4-1)
E0 y
Ex
cos = cos (t - kz) cos
E0 x
to yield
Ey Ex
- cos = - sin (t - kz) sin (2.4-2)
E0 y E 0x
E 2
sin2 (t - kz) = [1 - cos2 (t - kz)] = 1 x (2.4-3)
E 0x
Squaring both sides of Eq. (2.4-2) and substituting it into Eq. (2.4-3) yields
2
2
E y E E 2
x
x cos = 1 E sin
2
E
0 y E 0x 0x
2 2
E x E y E
+ - 2 E x y cos = sin2
E 0x E 0y E 0x E 0y
2.7
Air: n = 1.0
33 33
Glass 90
cos 33
n2 = = 1.540
cos 57
(b) The critical angle is found from
nglass sin glass = nair sin air
1 1
critical = arcsin = arcsin = 40.5
n glass 1.540
3
4
2.8
Air r
Water
12 cm
2.9
45
n pure 1.450
2.10 critical = arcsin = arcsin = 83.3
n doped 1.460
2.11 Need to show that n1 cos 2 n 2 cos 1 0 . Use Snell’s Law and the relationship
sin
tan
cos
5
(a) Use either NA = n12 n22 = 0.242
1/ 2
2.12
or
2(n1 n 2 )
NA n1 2 = n1 = 0.243
n1
0.242
(b) A = arcsin (NA/n) = arcsin = 14
1.0
n 1.00
2.13 (a) From Eq. (2.21) the critical angle is c sin 1 2 sin 1 41
n1 1.50
(c) The number of angles (modes) gets larger as the wavelength decreases.
= n1 2 2
1 /2
1 Hz
jH = j Er - Substituting into Eq. (2.33b) we have
r
E z 1 Hz
j Er + = j Er
r
r
1 Hz
jHr = -j E - Substituting into Eq. (2.33a) we have
r
6
1 E z 1 Hz
j E + = - j E
r
r
1 1
Hz jrH
jEr = Substituting into Eq. (2.33b) we have
r
1
Hz jrH + E z = jH
r r
1 Hz
jE= - jHr Substituting into Eq. (2.33a) we have
r
1 E z Hz
- jHr = -jHr
r r
Solve for Hr to obtain Eq. (2.35c).
j 1
Hz r E z Hz E z = jE
- z
q r
r r r r
2
7
(f) Substitute Eqs. (2.35a) and (2.35b) into Eq. (2.33c)
j 1
E z r Hz E z Hz = -jHz
-
q r
r r r r
2
We want to find the coefficients A and B. From Eq. (2.47) and (2.51),
respectively, we have
J (ua) J (ua)
C= A and D= B
K (wa) K (wa)
For = 0, the right-hand side must be zero. Also for = 0, either Eq. (2.55a) or (2.56a)
holds. Suppose Eq. (2.56a) holds, so that the term in square brackets on the right-hand
side in the above equation is not zero. Then we must have that B = 0, which from Eq.
(2.43) means that Hz = 0. Thus Eq. (2.56) corresponds to TM0m modes.
For the other case, substitute Eqs. (2.47) and (2.51) into Eq. (2.52):
1 j
0= 2 B J (ua) A 1uJ' (ua)
u a
8
1 j K' (wa)J (ua)
+ B J (ua) A 2 w
w
2
a K (wa)
ja 1 2 2
B = 1 (k1 J + k2 K) A
1
u 2 w2
where J and K are defined in Eq. (2.54). If for = 0 the term in square brackets on the
right-hand side is non-zero, that is, if Eq. (2.56a) does not hold, then we must have that A
= 0, which from Eq. (2.42) means that Ez = 0. Thus Eq. (2.55) corresponds to TE0m
modes.
n 21 n22 1
1 n 2
2
= 2 = 2
2n1 2 n1
<< 1 implies n1 n2
Thus using Eq. (2.46), which states that n2k = k2 k1 = n1k, we have
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n 2k k 2 n 1k k1
2 2 a 2 2 2 2 a 2
M
2 n 1 n 2
2
2 NA 2
1/ 2 1/ 2
M 1000 0.85m
a 30.25m
2 NA 2 0.2
9
Therefore, D = 2a =60.5 m
2 30.25m
2 2
0.2 414
2
(b) M
1.32m
2
2 (25 m)
V=
0.82 m
(1.48) (1.46) = 46.5
2 2 1/ 2
Similarly, M = 417 at 1320 nm and M = 303 at 1550 nm. From Eq. (2.72)
Pclad 4 4 100%
M-1/2 = = 4.1%
P total 3 3 1080
at 820 nm. Similarly, (Pclad/P)total = 6.6% at 1320 nm and 7.8% at 1550 nm.
2.20 (a) At 1320 nm we have from Eqs. (2.23) and (2.57) that V = 25 and M = 312.
(b) From Eq. (2.72) the power flow in the cladding is 7.5%.
V 2 2.40(1.32m)
a= n1 n2 =
2 1/ 2
= 6.55 m
2(1.480) (1.478)
2 1/ 2
2 2
10
NA 0.077
A = arcsin = arcsin = 4.4
n 1.0
2 2 2 2
2.22 n2 = n1 NA = (1.458) (0.3) = 1.427
V (1.30)(75)
a= = = 52 m
2NA 2(0.3)
2a
2.23 For small values of we can write V n1 2
For a = 5 m we have 0.002, so that at 0.82 m
2 (5 m)
V 1.45 2(0.002) = 3.514
0.82 m
Thus the fiber is no longer single-mode. From Figs. 2.18 and 2.19 we see that the LP01
2
2.25 From Eq. (2.77), Lp = =
n y nx
1.3 10 6 m
For Lp = 10 cm ny - nx = 1 = 1.310-5
10 m
1.3 10 6 m
For Lp = 2 m ny - nx = = 6.510-7
2m
Thus
6.510-7 ny - nx 1.310-5
2.26 We want to plot n(r) from n2 to n1. From Eq. (2.78)
11
n2 is found from Eq. (2.79): n2 = n1(1 - ) = 1.465
where
n1 n2
= = 0.0135
n1
1086 at 820 nm
2
2an1
Mstep = =
432 at 1300 nm
2.29 (a) From the Principle of the Conservation of Mass, the volume of a preform rod
section of length Lpreform and cross-sectional area A must equal the volume of the fiber
drawn from this section. The preform section of length Lpreform is drawn into a fiber of
length Lfiber in a time t. If S is the preform feed speed, then Lpreform = St. Similarly, if s is
the fiber drawing speed, then Lfiber = st. Thus, if D and d are the preform and fiber
12
and Fiber volume = Lfiber (d/2)2 = st (d/2)2
2 2
d 0.125 mm
(b) S=s = 1.2 m/s = 1.39 cm/min
D 9 mm
2.30 Consider the following geometries of the preform and its corresponding fiber:
25 m
R
4 mm
62.5 m
3 mm
FIBER
PREFORM
We want to find the thickness of the deposited layer (3 mm - R). This can be done by
comparing the ratios of the preform core-to-cladding cross-sectional areas and the fiber
or
(32 R2 ) (25)2
=
(4 3 ) (62.5) (25)
2 2 2 2
13
Thus, the thickness = 3 mm - 2.77 mm = 0.23 mm.
M 5.1 gm
t= = = 10.2 min
R 0.5 gm / min
2.33 (a) To find the time to failure, we substitute Eq. (2.82) into Eq. (2.86) and
b /2
d = AYbb dt
i 0
which yields
1
b f = AYbbt
1 b / 2 1 b/ 2
i
1
2
or
2
b i
(2 b)/ 2 (2 b)/ 2
t= f
(b 2)A(Y)
14
2 Ki 2 b Kf 2 b
t=
(b 2)A(Y)
b
Y Y
2 b
2Ki 2 b
b if K b
i
2
<< K b
f
2
or Ki Kf
2 b
(b 2)A(Y)
15