Homework Problem Set for Weeks 8, 10 & 11

1a) Referring to the figure below, gray level 0 (GL0) commands black and GL63
commands full bright in this system. Is this inverse gamma curve for a normally white or
normally black panel?

Figure 1a.

1b) In the above figure, there are 64 gray levels in this system, 0 to 63. How many bits
are required to specify a gray level ( 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 ?)?

1c) Each of the output voltages are derived from a resistor ladder. Sketch the ladder for
the first 3 voltages 3.3, 2.95, 2.75 and the last three voltages 0.65, 0.5 and 0.3.

1d) How many total, individual resistors are required for the ladder in 1c?
2a) Suppose that the tap points for 3.3V and 0.3V were connected to VGMA1 and
VGMA5 respectively (see figure below). Notice that the VGMA1 - VGMA5 is not 3.3.-
0.3 volts. One end of the ladder is connected to VGMA1 and the other end is connected
to VGMA5. If under these conditions, one of the voltages on the rung is 5.7832 volts,
and the total resistance of the ladder is 20,000 Ohms, what are the resistances on each
side of this node (i.e the resistance between VGMA1 and this node and the resistance
between this node and VGMA5)?

VDD=8.7 VD
20K 58
+

-
VGMA1=8.5V
392
+
VGMA5=4.55V
-

40.2
113
+
VGMA6=4.15V
-

392
+

-
VGMA10=0.20V
20K 58

Figure 1b

Hint: refer to the handout on electrical fundamentals.

R1
i

R2

V1
R3

V2-3
Rn

2b) Suppose that all the resistances of the ladder were to increased by 16%, what would
be the effect on the voltage on the node in 1e (i.e. would the voltage on the node
(5.7832V) go up, down or not change)? Why?
2c) The VGMAx voltages in Figure 1b are rounded. What are the actual voltages to 4
places given that V DD is 8.7 and given the resistors values in the figure.

2d) Assume the total resistance of each ladder (upper and lower R-DAC) are 20K Ohms
and that there are 8 column drivers in parallel connected between VGMA1/VGMA5 and
between VGMA6/VGMA10. What is the equivalent resistance between
VGMA1/VGMA5 and between VGMA6/VGMA10 due to the column drivers?

2e) Suppose that the OPAMP buffers in Figure 1b were not present. What would the
voltages on the nodes VGMA1, VGMA5, VGMA6 and VGMA10 be, given the
equivalent resistances computed in 2d and the resistors shown in the Figure (58,113 and
58)?

3a) Suppose that a column driver output produces an offset error, ε, that is the same value
over the entire dynamic range of the CD. If the error is +5 millivolts and the ideal column
driver voltage is +/-3.8volts what is the equivalent V rms from the CD?

3b) What would the RMS voltage be if the error is +5 millivolts when the intended output
voltage is +3.8 volts but -5 millivolts when the intended output voltage is -3.8?

4a) The peak-to-peak voltage error specification is designed to ignore voltage errors that
are the same for both polarities of an output but limit errors that are different between the
polarities. Suppose that the ideal voltage of a column driver for a particular gray level is
+/- 3.62 volts and that the actual measured voltage is as given in the table below for a
sample of outputs 186 through 195. Compute the V err p-p. for each output.

CD Output Upper Lower

number Voltage Voltage Vpp error
186 3.705716 -3.534284
187 3.336685 -3.903315
188 3.971059 -3.268941
189 3.154486 -4.085514
190 3.592693 -3.647307
191 3.226069 -4.013931
192 3.609171 -3.630829
193 4.05743 -3.18257
194 3.411214 -3.828786
195 3.918621 -3.321379
4b) Again, suppose that the ideal voltage of a column driver for a particular gray level is
+/- 3.62 volts but that the actual measured voltage is as given in the table below.
Compute the V err p-p. for each output.

CD Output Upper Lower

number Voltage Voltage Vpp error
186 3.7044 -3.537179
187 3.340866 -3.905905
188 3.973663 -3.27302
189 3.157514 -4.089725
190 3.595904 -3.649895
191 3.227497 -4.01369
192 3.613024 -3.629487
193 4.057604 -3.182458
194 3.411451 -3.831171
195 3.914369 -3.318294

5) Any error in CD voltage ultimately results in an error in a luminance (L) error.

However, the same millivolt of RMS error does not have the same relative luminance
error effect everywhere over the whole range of luminance. The sensitivity of luminance
(S lum ) to voltage is expressed as the change in L with a change in voltage over L.

S lum = (∆L/∆V)/L = (dL/dv)/L

If we multiply by 100 to get percent we have

S lum = (dL/dv)/L*100

Where S lum has units % change in luminance per volt.

Or…

S lum =(dL/dv)/L*100*(1/1000)

with the more useful units % change in luminance per millivolt.

ity
L( v )
d
L( v )
1 .dv
S lum( v )
10 L( v )
Below is a plot the sensitivity of luminance to voltage for a typical MVA panel (green).

600 1.2
550 R 1.1

% change in L per mV
500 G 1
450 B 0.9
400 Sensitivity 0.8
350 0.7
L [nits]

300 0.6
250 0.5
200 0.4
150 0.3
100 0.2
50 0.1
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
RMS Voltage

Using the data in the table below, plot the curves in the graph above. The red, green and
blue curves verses voltage is provided in a separate spreadsheet. You will need to
compute the sensitivity curve for green and plot the results.
 RMS R G B RMS R G B
1 0.636 0.708 0.715 0.716 46 2.109 1.157 2.254 1.015
2 0.691 0.708 0.714 0.715 47 2.115 1.190 2.358 1.036
3 0.826 0.709 0.715 0.715 48 2.120 1.214 2.449 1.053
4 0.963 0.709 0.717 0.715 49 2.126 1.248 2.567 1.077
5 1.081 0.710 0.720 0.716 50 2.133 1.290 2.707 1.103
6 1.181 0.710 0.723 0.715 51 2.137 1.322 2.821 1.126
7 1.268 0.712 0.727 0.717 52 2.144 1.363 2.965 1.154
8 1.342 0.714 0.734 0.718 53 2.148 1.405 3.097 1.178
9 1.408 0.715 0.740 0.719 54 2.155 1.452 3.260 1.211
10 1.466 0.718 0.749 0.720 55 2.159 1.496 3.410 1.238
11 1.519 0.721 0.759 0.721 56 2.166 1.549 3.594 1.274
12 1.567 0.724 0.770 0.724 57 2.170 1.599 3.765 1.306
13 1.610 0.727 0.783 0.726 58 2.176 1.659 3.978 1.345
14 1.649 0.737 0.797 0.729 59 2.181 1.715 4.166 1.382
15 1.686 0.736 0.814 0.732 60 2.187 1.784 4.405 1.428
16 1.721 0.741 0.832 0.735 61 2.192 1.846 4.617 1.465
17 1.754 0.747 0.855 0.739 62 2.196 1.904 4.815 1.503
18 1.784 0.754 0.879 0.743 63 2.203 1.981 5.088 1.554
19 1.813 0.762 0.905 0.749 64 2.207 2.054 5.330 1.599
20 1.834 0.770 0.930 0.753 65 2.214 2.140 5.630 1.656
21 1.858 0.778 0.960 0.758 66 2.218 2.220 5.901 1.705
22 1.880 0.788 0.993 0.768 67 2.224 2.317 6.224 1.764
23 1.898 0.796 1.024 0.775 68 2.229 2.399 6.516 1.816
24 1.915 0.806 1.057 0.781 69 2.233 2.479 6.791 1.867
25 1.930 0.817 1.092 0.788 70 2.240 2.587 7.151 1.933
26 1.946 0.827 1.130 0.796 71 2.244 2.680 7.482 1.991
27 1.959 0.839 1.166 0.802 72 2.251 2.795 7.882 2.112
28 1.972 0.850 1.207 0.809 73 2.255 2.898 8.230 2.189
29 1.983 0.862 1.249 0.818 74 2.261 3.025 8.666 2.273
30 1.993 0.875 1.287 0.826 75 2.266 3.141 9.054 2.348
31 2.004 0.887 1.334 0.835 76 2.272 3.269 9.500 2.433
32 2.013 0.901 1.378 0.844 77 2.277 3.389 9.907 2.509
33 2.022 0.913 1.422 0.852 78 2.283 3.535 10.412 2.601
34 2.031 0.928 1.472 0.862 79 2.288 3.661 10.838 2.684
35 2.037 0.940 1.516 0.870 80 2.294 3.816 11.362 2.782
36 2.046 0.956 1.570 0.881 81 2.298 3.951 11.828 2.872
37 2.052 0.972 1.624 0.891 82 2.305 4.109 12.380 2.972
38 2.059 0.988 1.676 0.902 83 2.309 4.247 12.840 3.060
39 2.068 1.007 1.745 0.916 84 2.316 4.417 13.427 3.167
40 2.072 1.023 1.798 0.926 85 2.320 4.565 13.923 3.261
41 2.078 1.041 1.863 0.938 86 2.327 4.745 14.545 3.377
42 2.085 1.062 1.932 0.952 87 2.331 4.903 15.086 3.476
43 2.092 1.085 2.013 0.968 88 2.338 5.089 15.723 3.596
44 2.098 1.111 2.090 0.984 89 2.342 5.253 16.277 3.702
45 2.102 1.129 2.160 0.997 90 2.349 5.460 16.967 3.830
 RMS R G B RMS R G B
91 2.355 5.678 17.719 3.968 136 2.638 20.370 66.560 12.722
92 2.359 5.850 18.316 4.077 137 2.645 20.824 68.100 12.994
93 2.366 6.069 19.037 4.210 138 2.651 21.247 69.568 13.246
94 2.370 6.249 19.667 4.328 139 2.660 21.781 71.314 13.548
95 2.377 6.473 20.344 4.475 140 2.667 22.257 72.894 13.824
96 2.383 6.718 21.172 4.626 141 2.675 22.822 74.782 14.133
97 2.388 6.910 21.832 4.742 142 2.682 23.274 76.302 14.405
98 2.394 7.136 22.596 4.880 143 2.691 23.844 78.166 14.725
99 2.399 7.329 23.231 5.006 144 2.697 24.333 79.787 14.989
100 2.405 7.579 24.097 5.166 145 2.704 24.772 81.226 15.250
101 2.412 7.854 25.027 5.330 146 2.712 25.342 83.142 16.018
102 2.418 8.126 25.940 5.503 147 2.721 25.958 85.175 16.480
103 2.423 8.343 26.667 5.637 148 2.728 26.433 86.737 16.776
104 2.429 8.613 27.579 5.795 149 2.736 27.021 88.680 17.127
105 2.436 8.905 28.555 5.982 150 2.743 27.526 90.280 17.411
106 2.440 9.126 29.319 6.119 151 2.752 28.105 92.272 17.749
107 2.447 9.409 30.253 6.283 152 2.760 28.726 94.305 18.114
108 2.451 9.632 31.017 6.426 153 2.767 29.233 95.928 18.401
109 2.457 9.927 32.014 6.610 154 2.776 29.812 97.902 18.750
110 2.464 10.247 33.043 6.795 155 2.784 30.467 100.003 19.126
111 2.471 10.621 34.147 6.996 156 2.791 30.962 101.616 19.412
112 2.477 10.957 35.270 7.198 157 2.799 31.538 103.622 19.762
113 2.481 11.200 36.080 7.341 158 2.808 32.176 105.712 20.151
114 2.488 11.508 37.114 7.532 159 2.817 32.824 107.752 20.509
115 2.495 11.851 38.271 7.743 160 2.826 33.442 109.878 20.887
116 2.501 12.200 39.398 7.943 161 2.834 34.087 112.013 21.244
117 2.508 12.541 40.573 8.154 162 2.841 34.597 113.661 21.542
118 2.514 12.898 41.784 8.358 163 2.850 35.213 115.689 21.904
119 2.521 13.247 42.917 8.573 164 2.858 35.870 117.911 22.274
120 2.527 13.610 44.144 8.791 165 2.867 36.526 119.995 22.656
121 2.534 13.981 45.385 9.003 166 2.878 37.302 122.556 23.121
122 2.540 14.345 46.597 9.228 167 2.887 37.992 124.810 23.503
123 2.547 14.727 47.872 9.455 168 2.895 38.618 126.823 23.869
124 2.553 15.111 49.149 9.670 169 2.904 39.263 128.970 24.251
125 2.560 15.483 50.380 9.900 170 2.913 39.931 131.105 24.603
126 2.566 15.877 51.699 10.131 171 2.921 40.549 133.220 24.961
127 2.573 16.274 53.006 10.358 172 2.932 41.341 135.710 25.402
128 2.582 16.762 54.646 10.651 173 2.941 42.046 137.857 25.776
129 2.588 17.192 56.086 10.905 174 2.950 42.642 140.024 26.148
130 2.595 17.607 57.395 11.133 175 2.961 43.430 142.609 26.608
131 2.601 18.004 58.788 11.374 176 2.969 44.123 144.742 26.971
132 2.610 18.534 60.555 11.683 177 2.980 44.864 147.237 27.415
133 2.616 18.986 61.984 11.929 178 2.989 45.548 149.497 27.805
134 2.623 19.392 63.385 12.174 179 3.000 46.352 151.944 28.245
135 2.630 19.821 64.805 12.423 180 3.011 47.152 154.663 28.706
 RMS R G B RMS R G B
181 3.022 47.964 157.349 29.153 226 3.741 91.971 292.137 52.596
182 3.030 48.616 159.402 29.533 227 3.767 93.215 295.553 53.172
183 3.041 49.371 161.851 29.954 228 3.795 94.352 299.027 53.806
184 3.052 50.185 164.489 30.392 229 3.823 95.556 302.581 54.437
185 3.063 50.975 167.044 30.847 230 3.854 96.874 306.498 55.087
186 3.074 51.766 169.569 31.275 231 3.882 98.052 309.808 55.683
187 3.085 52.557 172.165 31.696 232 3.915 99.315 313.594 56.327
188 3.096 53.326 174.605 32.149 233 3.945 100.569 317.119 56.886
189 3.109 54.232 177.504 32.641 234 3.978 102.289 321.189 57.561
190 3.120 55.105 180.145 33.062 235 4.011 103.689 324.931 58.178
191 3.131 55.815 182.581 33.500 236 4.045 104.970 328.406 58.722
192 3.144 56.692 185.387 33.992 237 4.080 106.137 331.989 59.293
193 3.157 57.649 188.255 34.473 238 4.115 107.369 335.588 59.859
194 3.168 58.372 190.760 34.904 239 4.152 108.666 339.047 60.395
195 3.181 59.305 193.694 35.424 240 4.189 109.777 342.379 60.951
196 3.194 60.235 196.529 35.903 241 4.226 110.989 345.863 61.521
197 3.207 61.103 199.422 36.399 242 4.268 112.275 349.255 62.008
198 3.220 61.972 201.432 36.869 243 4.307 113.390 352.675 62.555
199 3.233 62.940 204.121 37.360 244 4.350 114.635 356.460 63.098
200 3.246 63.785 206.920 37.830 245 4.394 115.919 359.658 63.660
201 3.261 64.813 210.099 38.381 246 4.440 117.202 363.234 64.221
202 3.274 65.697 212.849 38.838 247 4.492 118.539 367.095 64.790
203 3.290 66.692 215.986 39.367 248 4.547 119.968 370.980 65.420
204 3.305 67.743 219.146 39.909 249 4.601 121.332 374.798 66.023
205 3.320 68.695 222.184 40.437 250 4.658 122.678 378.570 66.534
206 3.335 69.703 225.316 40.966 251 4.725 124.226 382.485 67.156
207 3.351 70.684 228.356 41.466 252 4.786 125.557 386.360 67.727
208 3.366 71.652 231.276 42.010 253 4.854 126.876 389.977 68.254
209 3.383 72.702 234.571 42.551 254 4.930 128.353 394.020 68.880
210 3.401 73.837 238.002 43.115 255 4.997 129.729 397.704 69.455
211 3.418 74.988 241.545 43.747 256 5.089 131.640 402.511 70.177
212 3.436 76.139 245.013 44.339
213 3.453 77.196 248.077 44.864
214 3.473 78.283 251.445 45.447
215 3.490 79.366 254.615 45.988
216 3.510 80.456 257.804 46.529
217 3.531 81.639 261.313 47.155
218 3.551 82.762 264.729 47.749
219 3.573 83.923 267.864 48.350
220 3.595 85.058 271.356 48.913
221 3.616 86.092 274.661 49.480
222 3.640 87.379 278.085 50.115
223 3.664 88.471 281.496 50.731
224 3.688 89.663 285.038 51.324
225 3.714 90.805 288.550 51.953