Adventurous Tourism in Nepal

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
“If you don’t get out of the box you’ve been raised in, you won’t understand how much bigger the world is.”
– Angelina Jolie
1.1 Background of the Study
In the present world context, tourism is one of the most rapidly growing sector, and among it adventure tourism is
one of the fastest growing categories. Increasingly, now-a-days countries in all stages of economic development
are giving priority to adventure tourism for development, as they have recognized its cultural, ecological, and
economic value.
Military is one of the most effective tools for furtherance of national interest. It is also usually the last instrument
of state power to effectively reach the ends of the policy. Therefore, having a strong, balanced and professional
military is the most essential need of a state. It’s almost impossible to turn the pages of history and find a great
nation, state or empire without great military might. Therefore, there cannot be any nation without any sort or form
of military organization and no nation can call itself great or successful without an effective military organization.
(summer, 1996)
Nepalese Army (NA) carries out tasks given to it by the government, to defend the interests of Nepal. These tasks
might involve service overseas as part of a foreign policy in peace keeping operations and peace support
operations or on any other multi-national deployment. Soldiers may also be deployed on United Nations (UN)
operations and be used to help in other emergencies such as disaster aid. The first duty of Government of Nepal
(GoN) is the defence of the realm, NA fulfils that responsibility on behalf of the government, sacrificing some
civilian freedoms, facing danger and sometimes suffering serious injury or death as a result of their duty. Families
also play a vital role in supporting the operational effectiveness of NA. In return, the Government and whole
nation has a moral obligation to the members of the Armed Forces and their families to treat with respect,
supported and dignity. They also deserve fair treatment. This paucity of family quarters accommodations is also
addressed in COAS command guidance – 2072. in 10 (i) of this guidance it is stated that family quarter capacities
will be enhanced.
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The uniqueness of military, its characteristics and its importance to the state makes military profession as the most
unique, special and distinctive profession all over the world. “Service above self” and ‘sacrifice’ are the most
common phrases and practice in military profession in entire global military domain. The amount of hard work,
dedication and sacrifice offered in military profession is unmatched by any other professional field. Due to which
the society and the state usually hold military profession to a highest standard.
Since military profession is the most unique, demanding and challenging profession amongst all, it takes a lot of
courage and determination from a personal’s perspective to be willing to live with sacrifices and challenges to join
the military organization. Military life can cause a mix of fear, confusion, joy, pride and honour. The state or
government knows that decision to join the military rank requires the support and encouragement of his family,
friends and close ones. Therefore for all the hard work and sacrifices of being away from family members by
military personnel, the state or the government tries to repay or remunerate the sacrifices by providing facilities of
family accommodation, medical care, education facilities etc. This is a practice amongst all the states and
militaries of the world. (guide for family members, 2014)
NA, the only defense service of Nepal, primarily protects the citizens and territorial integrity from external and
internal threats. Looking back at its glorious history, it has served the country and its citizens with pride and honor
that no other organization has done and it wouldn’t be an exaggeration by mentioning that NA officers and soldiers
have time and again proved that it is the most important and professional organization in the country. To mark this
contribution and sacrifice, NA within its reach and limited resources has provided its personals with numerous
effective welfare programs and schemes like medical care, education facilities, family accommodations etc.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
NA’s primary role is defending territorial integrity, national sovereignty, political independence and protecting its
citizens. As a secondary role, it is assisting the government in maintaining domestic peace and security. Despite
the job nature being similar to other militaries, the barrack and garrison’s system of NA and other militaries in the
world are quite different. For most of the times NA personals are semi deployed (what foreign countries military
would call deployed) because we do not have a proper cantonment system like in other militaries.
The very fact that Nepal is a developing country and therefore the military budget provided to the NA in every
fiscal year is a bare amount in comparison to what’s actually warranted or needed. NA is also equally employed in
national development projects, nature conservation and other subsidiary tasks which in other developed countries
are carried out by separate entities or organizations. Therefore, budget allocation for welfare purposes with NA has
generally been very low in comparison to other developed or developing countries in the world.
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Despite its limited resources NA has been putting efforts to build up a suitable family quarter system for all ranks
to facilitate and enhance its welfare system Welfare Directorate and Adjutant General (AG) branch Nibes are the
branches of Army Headquarter(AHQ) responsible for the management and supervision of existing family quarter
system.
It is now critically important to examine the accommodation facilities provided by the NA to the families of the
serving and retired personals. The family quarters provided could be inside the barracks/base or outside the
barracks is a subject of discussion and further research. The infrastructural constructions need to be analyzed in
relation to cost and express welfare to the families. Therefore, family quarters in NA and its feasibility in present
context is a crucial query that needs to be researched. So, in this context there is the need to study some of these
key issues which are as follows:
1.2.1 What is the present existing system of family quarters in NA?
1.2.2 How does family quarter system in NA stand alongside military organization of friendly foreign countries?
1.2.3 What are the feasibilities, means and methods of having a better and elaborate family quarter system in
NA?
1.3 Objective of the Study
Basically the study deals with the welfare facilities provided to NA servicemen and families by GoN and NA
welfare entities. Despite having its own resource constraints NA has been trying its utmost best to provide family
quarter accommodations to its servicemen. But one also has to admit that present family accommodations are
relatively of lesser quantities and qualities and there are abundant scopes for improvement so that larger number of
NA personals will be benefitted out of it. Specifically, this study will be focused in the following aspects.
1.3.1 Study existing system of family quarters in NA.
1.3.2 Compare existing family quarter system of Nepalese Army with other countries military organization.
1.3.3 Explore the means, methods and feasibility of having an elaborate or better family quarter system in NA.
1.4 Justification of the Study
There aren’t any researches on Family Quarter System in NA. Therefore there is the need to understand the
prevailing facilities of family quarter system in NA and its relevancy. We can learn about how NA personals are
being facilitated by this system and what are the ways to eradicate the limitations and shortcomings of this facility.
Similarly, we can learn past policies of family quarter and future planning of NA about this system. Other than this
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we can also learn the policy of family quarter system by this research. Therefore, this research paper can help
student officers and readers to know about Family Quarter system in NA and its feasibility.
1.5 Significance of the Study
Welfare Directorate is playing a great role for planning and maintenance of the existing family quarter system in
NA. In addition to providing family quarter facilities has also helped lessen the burden on the government in this
vital aspect, which is so crucial for the maintenance of morale of soldiers who are prepared to make the ultimate
sacrifice if so demanded. However, the provisioning of family quarter facilities has its own limitations in terms of
numbers. The organization of NA has swollen up in a very short span of time during the counter insurgency
period. The resource which was already overstretched has a very limited scope to fulfil. Thus the sound
management of family quarter accommodation provided for NA personals is basic need of today.
1.6 Limitations of the Study
Due to various constraints the research work has to be limited in specific parameters. Apparently, this research
seems to be first among its kind on the given topic at individual level. Any institutional research on the subject of
the research paper wasn’t found either and books published highlighting the family quarter system of NA isn’t
found hitherto. Therefore, the research study is mostly based on the direct contact with the relevant NA personals.
Similarly, due to lack of published materials by the NA welfare directorate and other related entities on past works
or current engagements, the study will be generally limited to researcher’s interviews with some NA officers and
soldiers who have availed the family accommodation facilities and own analysis of the available facts, data,
statements and information.
Given some constraints like inaccessibility to all the family quarters in short time frame and other personal
commitments, this researcher will not be able to embark on his own on field studies, to observe and interact with
wide range of NA servicemen and family members who have used the family quarter facilities. But the researcher
will attempt to subtly compare existing NA family quarter system with foreign militaries’ by means of having
discussions with NA officers who have attained military courses abroad and used their family accommodations.
The researcher has to rely on primary data which are mostly collected by researcher himself and will have to be
considered or taken in its face value. Research survey questionnaire was distributed mostly among NA affiliated
personnel and their family members who have or haven’t availed the family quarter facilities.
1.7 Research Methodology
The research is based on the descriptive design of research method. Researcher has come up with a simplified
model observing people enjoying family quarter system and notices patterns developed over a period of time. Non-
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experimental ways of descriptive, measuring and comparative studies of data are studied to deduct conclusions.
Secondary data was collected from website articles, libraries, newspapers, magazines, journals etc. but most of the
research is carried out with the direct contact with persons related and affiliated to NA and using the facilities.
Interview was taken with the concerned NA personnel to get pertinent primary and secondary data. The acquired
data was then analyzed to find out the solutions and answers to the research questions. Survey questionnaire
method was carried out among non-probability population sample to get relevant data, information, views and
ideas while carrying out the research.
1.8 Organization of Chapters

The research study would be carried out based on following chapters.
1.8.1 Chapter I Introduction.
1.8.2 Chapter II Review of Literature
1.7.2 Chapter III Present Existing Family Quarter System in NA
1.7.3 Chapter IV Comparison with Family Quarter System of Foreign Military Organizations
1.7.4 Chapter V Feasibility of an elaborate Family Quarter System in NA
1.7.5 Chapter VI Findings, conclusion and recommendation.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
As mentioned earlier, it is extremely difficult to find relevant literatures in the subject matter of the research paper.
Not only with the published books or references, it’s highly unlikely that there has been any research or
dissertations carried out at individual and institutional level in the past regarding the research paper. Although it is
very difficult to find the precise books, articles or dissertations on family quarter system in NA, consulting the
various articles published in military journals and newspaper of friendly foreign countries as well as few internet
websites proved handful for this particular research. The directives published by welfare directorate and minutes of
different board meeting held at AG branch Nibes, Valley Div Hq with the representatives all the offices of AHQ
are the platform for the research regarding the distribution of quota and rules and regulations to be followed by the
families living inside the quarters. These articles also highlight the eligibility of servicemen to stay inside the
accommodation. Some of the books, articles and references read and analyzed during the research are mentioned in
the subsequent paragraphs.
The pamphlet “Edition 4, 2014 AC 61391 – A guide for family members” is a pamphlet issued in British army
service personnel and their family members. The guide contains information about army family quarters, housing,
rules and regulations and also about pay, education, legal advice and other welfare supports and facilities to the
servicemen and family members.
UK Ministry of Defence and Defence Infrastructure Organisation on 12 Dec, 2012 published set of regulations

named “Defence and armed forces – guidance for Service family accommodation” which was a complete guide
for service families about applying for, maintaining, moving in and out of and living in service family
accommodation (in the United Kingdom) . The guidelines were late revised on 23 Jun, 2016.
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The article “Housing Options for Military Members and Their Families” published on
www.militaryonesource.mil discusses on various options of housings inside the base and outside the base in US
Army.
The author L.W. Sumner, in his book Welfare, Happiness and Ethics, 1996 explicitly mentions about the
relationship of welfare and the ethics. Author asserts that family matters and it matters at every step of life. The
author also views welfare as the prominent feature of our common sense morality which generally imposes
constraints on the pursuit of our projects. The author views that the ethical theory of soldiers cannot be
implemented without protecting the interests of their family matters. This view has its validity as the history has
proven that family relationship are subjected to certain group or sector and are directed by some sort of individual
or collective interests.
CHAPTER III
PRESENT EXISTING FAMILY QUARTER SYSTEM IN NA
3.1 Background
NA has a unique system of garrisons (barracks) where battalion (bn), company (coy) and platoons are deployed
independently or separately, whereas in most of the militaries in the world cantonment/post/base/garrison system
exist where the battalions and their companies and platoons are usually in the cantonment together with the
brigade, division and corps they are associated with. The rugged mountainous terrain, lack of road networks in the
mountainous and hilly regions and the need to be ever present all over the country for any unforeseen eventualities
might be the reasons for the independent barrack system in NA.
3.2 Beginning of Family Quarter system in NA
In the year 2048 former chief of army staff General Arjun Narsingh Rana inaugurated family quarter facilities
inside Rajdal battalion premises, Lahgankhel with the capacity to accommodate 40 families . Again in 2052 B.S,
family quarter system was institutionalized by former Chief of Army Staff Dharmapal Barsingh Thapa. In the
beginning, the allocated family quarters were established at 10 various remote locations of the country and these
quarter were distributed among the officers and numerous other ranked army personnel. Following the successful
completion of the edification of family quarter at 10 various locations every year during 2052 B.S. to 2057 B.S., in
2058 the further establishment of new quarter came to stand still due to the ignition of Maoist insurgency.
However, the development of new family quarters at numerous other locations commenced back in 2063 B.S. (AG
Branch, Nibes)
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3.3 Family Quarters inside the Barracks
The concept of family quarter system in NA was developed for the enhancement of facilities of military personals.
However, when NA got involved in a decade long insurgency, family quarters capacity was strengthened and
provided to army personnel deployed all over the country. The personals serving in army live inside the barracks
so the family quarters initially were established inside the barracks or in the periphery of the barracks. Family
quarters are constructed by the fund of NA i.e. directorate of welfare fund with the technical support from
directorate general of development and construction. When Maoists insurgency started, then due to the security
reasons and risky movement of soldiers from duty station to their respective home, concept of family quarters
inside the wire was continued. Details of Family Quarter Accommodations Provided By NA Welfare Directorate is
shown in Appendix A.
3.3.1 JCOs and NCOs Quarter
Usually Non-commissioned officers (NCOs) are the most beneficiaries of this family quarter system. There are
usually 10 to 20 rooms per unit where NCOs in the unit can apply through the adjutants to the Commanding
officer (CO) and upon the CO’s approval can avail the facilities. In Rajdal battalion there are accommodations
which facilitate 86 Junior commissioned officers (JCOs) / NCOs and those accommodations are distributed to
different units inside Kathmandu valley. However, availability of the rooms, date of the application and certain
unit/welfare directorate rules and regulations are checked against the application before providing room to the
concerned applicant.
In comparison to the NCOs, JCOs’ rooms in the family quarter are very limited owing to the numerical proportion
of JCOs to the NCOs in a unit. Therefore, usually only one or two JCO are usually enjoying the family quarter
facilities. NA has family quarters for JCOs and NCOs in 136 different places all around Nepal. Most of the
quarters are based on old design and consists of only two rooms. During the earthquake of 2072 some of the family
quarter facilities were damaged and repair works are going on. No of quarters are also limited so the distribution is
done according to the available infrastructures and strength of all ranks. The division of quotas is done by a board
consisting the representatives of various branches of army headquarters. Distribution of quarters for JCOs and
NCOs are as follows:
Table 3.1 Distribution of family quarters inside Kathmandu

S.N Unit Present Distribution Remarks
1 AG branch Nibes 52
2 Casualties during 60
8
insurgency
3 Single women 4
4 Rehabilitation 5
5 Special condition 5
6 Valley div hq 292
Total 418
Source: AG branch, Nibes, (2073)
Table 3.2 Distribution of family quarters located inside the perimeter of units and sub-units
S.N Unit Present Distribution from Distribution Remarks
Distribution welfare from valley div
directorate hq
1 No 1 Garrison Bn 8 3
2 Birdal Bn 10
3 No 9 AD Bty 4 3
4 Jagadal Bn 6 9
5 Mahabir Bn (Ranger) 15 17 6
6 Yuddhakawach Bn 6 6
7 Rajdal Bn 1 8
8 EME Directorate 1 1
9 Army Logistic Depot 4
Total 33 66 9
Source: AG branch, Nibes (2073)
Table 3.3 Distribution of family quarters located inside the perimeter of Rajdal Bn, Lagankhel
1 Artillery Directorate 2
2 EOD Holding Unit 3
3 Engineer Directorate 2
4 Engineer training school 3
5 Bhairab Bn, Lele 12
6 Kaliprasad Bn (E) 12
7 Army ammunition Depot 2
8 Bhairab Bahan Coy 4
Total 40
Table 1 Distribution of family quarters located in Basbari under No 10 Bde

1 No 10 Bde 2
2 Bhairabnath Bn 13
3 Yuddhabhairab Bn 13
4 Para Training School 4
5 Purano Gorakh Bn 6
Total 38
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Table 2 Distribution of family quarters located in Basbari under No 1 Bde Block A and B
S.N Unit Present Distribution Block Remarks
1 Singhanath Bn 13 A
2 Purano Gorakh Bn 8 B
3 Unit located at Tokha 6 B
4 IndroDhoj Bn 7 A
5 Special Protection Unit 4 B
6 Valley div hq 2 B
Total 40
Table 3 Distribution of family quarters located at Bijeshori under No 1 Bde

1 No 1 Bde 3
2 Indradhoj Bn 4
3 Mahabir Bn (Rangers) 6
4 Aridaman Bn 13
5 Bardabahadur Bn 13
6 No 1 Bde (Reserve) 1
Total 40
Table 4 Distribution of family quarters located at Bijeshori under Signal Directorate

S. Unit Present Distribution Remarks
N
1 Signal Directorate 3
2 Signal Training School 4
3 Ganeshdal Bn 9
4 Development and Construction Department 2
5 Directorate of military Education 1
6 Nepal Cavlary 4
7 Military Band 6
8 Ordanance industry, Kalikasthan 1
9 Development Bn 1 4
10 Development Bn 1 4
11 Engineer Directorate Reserve 1
12 Signal Directorate Reserve 1
Total 40
Table 5 Distribution of family quarters located at Bijeshori under MES (survey)

1 MES (survey) 3
2 Gorakhnath Bn 13
3 Bishnudal Bn 12
4 Military Hospital 12
10
Total 40
Table 6 Distribution of family quarters located at Bijeshori under Air Defence Directorate
1 AD Directorate 3
2 AD Training School 3
3 No 1 AD Bty 4
4 Sarduljung Coy 4
5 No 1 Garrison Bn 3
6 Emergency purpose 3
Total 20
Table 7 Distribution of family quarters located at Bijeshori Block No 10 under Unit inside Narayanhiti
1 Indradhoj Bn 6
2 Special protection unit 5
3 Military rehabilitation 2
centre
4 Valley division reserve 6
5 No 26 Bde 1
Total 20
Table 8 Distribution of family quarters located at Bijeshowri under AG Branch (Nibes)

1 AG branch (Nibes) 12
2 Welfare Directorate (Single women) 4
3 Welfare directorate for rehabilitation 5
4 Special purpose 6
5 Veterinary Directorate 2
6 Military education center 2
7 Directorate of logistics 2
8 Department of survey 2
9 No 26 signal coy 2
10 Army weapon depot 2
11 National Security Council 1
12 Division reserve 1
Total 40
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3.3.2 Officers’ Quarter
In comparison to the NCOs and JCOs there is no such system of family quarter facilities to officers in independent
company(coy) and battalion(Bn). The Officer commanding (OC) of the independent coy and the CO of the Bn can
enjoy the family quarters provided the infrastructure, space and the facility supports it. It is actually a common
practice in NA rather than sanctioned or guaranteed by the army HQ or higher entities. In the Division(Div) HQs
and Brigade(Bde) HQs apart from General Officer Commanding and the Brigade Commander, few handful of
senior officers holding the appointments of Chief of Staff(COS) and Assistant Chief of Staff(ACOS) in the Div
HQ and Bde Colonel in Bde HQs enjoy such facilities.
Welfare Directorate with the technical support of directorate general of development and construction has built
officers family quarters in three different places inside Kathmandu valley. Still no constructions has been done
outside Kathmandu valley for officers. The management and supervision of officers family quarters is done by
valley division headquarters and reviewed by the board consisting of all the representatives of respective offices
using the facility. There are total 72 family quarters available for officers in three different places Mahankal,
Chhauni and Sallaghari respectively. The distribution of family quarters is as shown in the table below. The
responsibility of the security of the family quarters is also assigned as per the location. For the security of
Mahankal, responsibility is of garrison battalion under no 1 brigade. Chhauni, Jagadal and Sallaghari is the
responsibility of battalion stationed at Suryabinayak.
Table 9 Distribution of officers family quarter by valley div hq

S.N Unit No of Quarters Mahankal Chhauni Sallaghari
1 Valley div hq 3 I D12 B2
2 Air defence 2 D5, D8
directorate
3 Engineers directorate 2 D6, D10
4 Artillery directorate 2 A5, B2
5 Signal directorate 2 L B3
6 No 1 Brigade 5 J A3,B8, B12, D9
7 No 10 Brigade 4 A2, B9, D7, D11
Total 20 3 16 1
Table 10 Distribution of family quarters for officers

S.N Unit Total available Mahank Chhaun Sallaghari Remark
quarters al i s
1 National Security Council 1 1
2 MA of COAS Office 4 1 2 1
3 Office of CGS 5 2 1 2
4 Office of COS 3 1 1 1
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5 Office of inspector general 1 1
6 Office of Adjutant General 9 1 6 2
7 Office of QMG 4 1 2 1
8 Office of MGO 3 1 1 1
9 Eastern Div Hq 4 3 1
10 Mid div hq 4 3 1
11 Western Div Hq 4 4
12 Mid- western Div Hq 4 4
13 Far western Div Hq 3 3
14 Valley Div Hq 20 3 16 1
15 No 26 Bde 3 1 1 1
Total 72
3.3.3 Quality
Quality of the family quarters used by the ORs and the JCOs in the Unit HQs and formation HQs are of sub-
standard category. The infrastructures provided are of old designs and largely insufficient in reference to family
members and space ratio. Generally one(1) room with in-built kitchen is provided to the family members which is
extremely insufficient for a family for day to day activities and inappropriate if hygienic standards are also to be
considered. The quality of family quarters to senior officers in Div and Bde HQs are better and larger in
comparison to family quarters for ORs and JCOs in unit HQs and formation HQs. The quality of existing family
quarter system is of conventional type and does not fulfil the demand of contemporary situation. The
accommodation of Mahankal has been removed because of the construction of veterans hospital. NA Welfare
Directorate should plan for modern and a resilient family quarter system with the technical support of directorate
general of development and construction directorate. Family quarters should be planned and constructed according
to the basic requirement in present day and be based on the application of the personal and number of family
members he/ she has to take care of.
3.3.4 Administrative perspective
Strict rules is formulated while evacuating the quarter and handed over to the designated family after the
completion of 2 years. In case if quarter is unoccupied for more than 3 months, nominating a family to occupy the
space can be done by the assigned handler. Officers exercising the facility for two years should leave the quarters
and give chance for another officer. He/she will be notified 3 months prior to the date of completion of two years
and again warned before one month and finally it’s a compulsion to leave the quarters after 15 days of completion
of 2 years. Quotas as distributed for every division and AHQ branches will be the responsibility of respective
offices. Rotation should be in time and if the quarter assigned for the specific person will be empty for more than 3
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months than valley div hq will distribute the quarter as per its own initiative. (Management and supervision of
family quarters, nibes 2068)
Respective directorate and brigade will occupy the quarters if no application received to occupy the quarters but if
any application will be received after the completion of 2 years than he/ she should be notified before 1 month to
leave the quarters. List of the officers using NA family quarters system should be sent to valley division. Meetings
of management board will be held every month to look after the problems and solutions of officers using family
quarter facility. To get family quarter service he/ she should be married and with service of 5 years. Family
quarters constructed and under construction is categorised as class A and class B so the persons staying in class A
has to pay 10% of pay scale while those staying in class B has to pay 5% of pay scale. 2% from class A and 1%
from class B will be deposited in respective unit for the maintenance and remaining will be sent to Welfare
Directorate.
3.4 Family Quarters outside the Barracks

NA has numerous family quarter accommodations outside the barracks. Family quarters in Mahankal, Chhauni and
Sallaghari are the examples of such type of family quarters. Those accommodations are constructed only for
officers. Apart from these NA has not constructed family quarters outside the barracks. However in future if the
concept of cantonment has to be developed with elaborate and modern family quarter system to facilitate army
personals. According to the need and size of the families of service personal family quarters must be designed and
constructed as per the demand with all the facilities required for a family. Family quarters constructed outside the
barracks should be more facilitated with respect to security, infrastructure and freedom of movement.
CHAPTER IV
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COMPARISON WITH FAMILY QUARTER SYSTEM OF FOREIGN
MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS
4.1 Bangladesh Army
4.1.1 Intro to Family Quarter System in Bangladesh Army
Family quarter system in Bangladesh Army is inherited from the time of British rule over the subcontinent which
continued during the era of East Pakistan. Currently they are in vogue inside all the cantonments of Bangladesh
Army and meant only for the serving personnel. The family quarter accommodations are only applicable for
peacetime situations and postings. Officers and men deployed in field, usually the Chittagong Hill tracts area, are
not allowed to keep their families in field postings. However, on most of the occasion officers and men, who are
posted to field units, keep their families in their respective formation/cantonments during the period. The rules and
regulations are very well laid out in Bangladesh Army and followed accordingly.
4.1.2 Use of family Quarter facilities
All the military personnel from other ranks up to the highest rank are authorised with family quarters but with
different size, shape, structure and other associated facilities based on their rank and appointment. One should be
clear of the fact that only married officers. ORs and JCOs with their family are allowed to avail the facility of
family quarter. In any case if the allotted family quarter doesn’t suffice the need of the servicemen or if the
demand of family quarters are overwhelming, he/she along with their families can take a house/flat in rent near the
cantonment and the government will ensure that they get paid with house rent allowance every month to clear the
monthly due of the private flat rented.
4.1.3 Officers family Quarter System
Among the officers as well there are distinctions in types of family quarters based on their rank and profile.
Captain are authorized with ‘E’ Type, major ‘D’ type, Lt Col and Col ‘C’ type, Brigadier ‘B’ type and Maj Gen
and above are normally authorized with ‘A’ type. Slight variation of this might occur owing to availability of
family quarters and other administrative reasons. There are different types of quarters with minimum 2 bedrooms
each and both multi-storeyed building apartments and cottage types are available depending upon which
cantonment it is at. The family quarters are furnished with all the basic requirements such as bed, tables, a pair of
sofas, kitchen accessories and utensils, dining tables, lights etc. Any officer when he is posted to a cantonment or a
unit within the cantonment can apply for a family quarter and he may avail the quarter until he is posted out to a
unit or formation outside the cantonment. After retirement, the government provides Defence Officers Housing
System(DOHS) above the rank of colonel in which they can spend their remaining life.
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4.1.4 JCOs and NCOs family quarter system
Generally ORs and JCOs are also provided with 2 bedroom apartments but with a smaller size and of lesser quality
than that of officers. JCOs’ quarters are of better quality and more spacious than the ORs’ quarters. As in the case
of officers, JCOs’ process of moving in/out of the family quarter is similar to that of officers’ but in the case of
ORs’ the duration one can enjoy the family quarter are different as per the cantonment and covered by Army
policy and cantonment Standing Operating Procedures (SOPs).
4.1.5 Administrative Arrangements
Any servicemen enjoying the family quarter facilities inside the cantonments are not entitled for monthly house
rent allowance in their monthly pay whereas married officers renting a quarter outside cantonment will receive
monthly house rent allowance to cover up for their monthly rent. Officers enjoying the family quarters inside the
cantonment will have a very negligible pay deduction from their monthly salary. Only dry ration is provided to the
army personals and their family residing in the family quarters like rice, flour, pulse/lentils, salt, sugar, milk etc.
Fresh items like meat, vegetables aren’t catered to the family quarters. Quarter master of each regiment, bde and
div inside the cantonment are responsible to look after the standard of the family quarters. Separate NCO and JCO
are also appointed from the regiments for this purpose. Commanding officers and other officers also pay visit to
the family quarters of JCO and other ranks frequently to check their standard of living. The family quarters are
built from Army central budget but are controlled by respective cantonments. The maintenance and renovation
work is done by the concerned cantonment with close cooperation with Military Engineering Service(MES). In
Bangladesh army family quarter is looked upon as a major welfare issue for all men in uniform, therefore due
importance is given to it by all the concerned entities.
4.2 Indian Army
4.2.1 Intro to Family Quarter System in Indian Army
Family quarter system in Indian Army is also inherited from the time of British rule. Cantonments were conceived
for a peaceful and insulated living away from the hustle bustle of city life and cantonments are established in both
military and civilian areas because in course of time cities have expanded and taken most of the cantonments in
their folds. There are 62 cantonments in India located in 16 different states. The cantonment board are autonomous
bodies and functioning under the overall control of the central government in the ministry of defence under the
provision of cantonment act.
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Currently inside all the cantonments of Indian Army family quarters are available and meant only for the serving
personals. Retired and veterans are not authorized for accommodation however on retirement an individual can
retain the accommodation for a period of 3-6 months after permission from station commander. Certain family
quarters are outside the family quarters and constructed on A-1 land only. The family quarter accommodations are
authorized in peace stations and depends upon the time spent in field station. There are rarely enough
accommodations to accommodate all the married officers. Colonels and above do get accommodations in most of
the cities except in cities like Delhi.
All the military personnel from other ranks up to the highest rank are authorised with family quarters but depends
on rank structure generally 2-3 bed rooms, drawing room, kitchen and store room. Type of family quarter also
depends upon the requirement of the applying soldiers, no of available quarters and availability of land space
which may be multi-storied/ cottage or flat with compound. All the accommodations are fully furnished and
generally inside the cantonments. The allotment of family quarters is done by the station HQ. An officer gives an
application for allotment as per availability and seniority acquisition is allotted officer coming from field is given
higher priority.
Generally ORs and JCOs are also provided with 2 bedroom apartments with dining room and kitchen. Family
quarters provided to JCOs and ORs are multi-storeyed and well furnished. These quarters are inside the
cantonments. but with a smaller size and of lesser quality than that of officers. JCOs’ quarters are of better quality
and more spacious than the ORs’ quarters. As in the case of officers, JCOs’ process of moving in/out of the family
quarter is similar to that of officers’ but in the case of ORs’ the duration one can enjoy the family quarter are
different as per the cantonment and covered by Army policy and cantonment SOPs.
Military personals enjoying the family quarter facilities inside the cantonments are charged for the room rent,
electricity fee, water supply and furniture charges which are deducted from the pay bills of the individuals. Bills
are forwarded to the respective units via MES. Ration is provided by the government. Visits are carried out by unit
Quarter Master(QM), Military Engineering Service(MES) to address the maintenance issues. Repair and
renovation is done by MES prior occupation of the quarters and after the completion of the tenure of the personals.
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4.3 Pakistan Army
4.3.1 Intro to Family Quarter System in Pakistan Army
Family quarter system in Pakistan Army is also inherited from the time of British rule over the Indian
subcontinent. Currently they are also inside all the cantonments of Bangladesh Army and meant only for the
serving personnel. The family quarter accommodations are provided as per the requirement and availability of
numbers of quarters in that particular cantonment. Any individual above the age of 25 and with married status is
eligible to apply for family quarter facility.
All the military personnel officers, JCOs and NCOs are authorised with family quarters but with different design
and facilities according to their rank and appointment. Individuals posted in the field are given priority and the
personals of the respective unit are eligible to apply and use the facility.
Among the officers also family quarters are categorized as A, B, C and D. in which A means for the officers with
rank Major General and above. Such accommodations are single house with all the facilities. B type
accommodation for Brigadier General which has a studio apartment type facility and C type for colonel and Lt
colonel which have an apartment type facility and D type for all the officers from 2/Lt to Major. The family
quarters are furnished with all the basic requirements such as bed, tables, a pair of sofas, kitchen accessories and
utensils, dining tables, lights etc. Any officer when he is posted to a cantonment or a unit within the cantonment
can apply for a family quarter and he may avail the quarter until he is posted out to a unit or formation outside the
cantonment. After retirement above the rank of colonel government provides a house in specific area DOHS.
Below the rank of colonel also the officers can apply for land in army housing system and as per the requirement
they get the land after paying the cost of land in instalment or after full payment.
Generally JCOs and NCOs quarters are also provided with 2-3 bedroom apartments also categorized as E type but
with a smaller size and of lesser quality than that of officers. JCOs’ quarters are of better quality and more
spacious than NCOs quarters. The process of moving in/out of the family quarter and charges deducted from the
salary is similar to that of officers but the duration JCOs and NCOs can enjoy the family quarter are different as
per the policy and SOPs of the cantonment.
18
Any servicemen enjoying the family quarter facilities inside the cantonments are not entitled for monthly house
rent. Officers, JCOs and NCOs enjoying the family quarters inside the cantonment have a very negligible pay
deduction from their monthly salary. Only dry ration is provided to NCOs and JCOs whereas ration is not provided
to officers instead they get certain family allowance added in their monthly salary. Separate NCO and JCO are also
appointed from the regiments for this purpose. Quarter Master officer also pay visit to the family quarters of JCO
and NCOs frequently to check their standard of living.
4.4 Sri Lankan Army
4.4.1 Intro to Family Quarter System in Sri Lanka Army
Family quarter system in Sri Lanka started from 1993 AD after the concept of welfare fund started which was
raised for the first time in 1989. Only servicing personals are allocated with family quarters. In order to facilitate
the members, Sri Lankan Army is leveraging the concept of cantonment. Cantonment system has already been
established in Sri Lankan army with family quarters in Army cantonment Panagoda, Minneriya and Diyatalawa.
Only limited stationed people at these cantonment has the opportunity to experience the quarter system. Apart
from cantonment, some training schools also has quarter facility for soldiers, JCO and officers posted there.
Major factor determining the type of family quarter provided to the personnel is the rank meaning depending upon
the rank, the family quarter is built and distributed in the cantonment. Proper chain of command is to be followed
in order to be granted to use the family quarter system. One of the criteria for applying the family quarter is, the
applicant should be married and genuine explanation on the necessity of the quarter is to be disclosed. Family
quarters given to any personnel at a unit can be utilized till the end of the tenure.
In accordance to the rank and profile, the quarters allocation varies. A building similar to the appearance to
bungalow with 5 room along with kitchen and living room is provided to the first class officers. For mid carrier
and junior officers a building with 3 rooms apart from kitchen and living room is provided. Every allocated
quarters are cottage style having a specific compound periphery in different area which are located within the
cantonment, slightly away from the military installation. Specific Identity cards are provided to each family
member to move in and out viz. different gates to use. In case of any visitor, the respective family member should
provide confirmation.
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For JCOs and NCOs in quarter, there are three rooms available, apart from kitchen and living room. They are
divided in different areas based on the ranks of officers, each provided with a cottage with a specific compound.
The location is inside the cantonment, however, is far away from military installations and at different locations
than of officers. JCO quarter is also in different location than other ranks’. Since they have different gates to use,
there aren’t any such restrictions for moving in and out from the family quarter. But, military controls all the
records and gives specific ID to each family member to control in and out. Moreover, visitors are not allowed to go
inside without confirmation from the respective family members.
The allocated family quarter are allowed to be used for free after being approved. Certain allowance is added in the
salary of the servicemen to support ration for the family. Under the guidance of AHQ, Security forces HQ builds
the family quarter inside the cantonment whose records are kept within the cantonment being the administrative
and controlling authority. For any problem in regards to the quarters and facilities along with renovations are
looked after by the responsible branch cantonment, which is processed and verified. These verified problems are
fixed by the Engineer service regiment on time and reported back to the branch responsible for the cantonment.
Prior to leaving or checking the quarter a very strict handover and takeover policy is adapted.
4.5 US Army
4.5.1 Intro to Family Quarter System in US Army
Family quarter can be inside or outside the base or cantonment. When it is inside it is free housing and when it is
outside the military provides a basic housing allowance to pay for it. The families quarter system is available only
in peace postings there is no family housing in combat zones. The military personnel cannot take their family
during field posting but the family will stay at the home station at that time. There haven’t been any major changes
in the recent past, but some of the minor changes in facilities provided to them like rooms are good then past time,
rooms provided to them depends upon the size of family and number of family members, and there are sufficient
housing for the Army nowadays. It is provided only for service members. The retired personnel are not eligible to
receive the facility of family quarter.
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The family quarter system provided to JCOs, NCOs and Officers are different. The areas are usually different for
NCOs and Officers. It is usually based off pay and there is difference in facilities as well. Also there is difference
among the Officers as well. For junior, mid-career and senior officers the quarter areas and facilities provided to
them are also different. They are different based upon rank and position at the base. The officers can live anywhere
they want whether they are married or not. NCOs if they are unmarried have to live in the barracks until they
become a NCO or are married. There is no time restriction as long as the personnel are active in the service, once
the service period is over all the housing benefits stop. Monetary benefit is provided on the basis of the rank, time
in service, and whether married or single. Once the quarters are allocated the personnel are for the housing and
they must take care of it till they live there.
Rooms provided to the officers are based upon the size of the family, and what their rank has earned. It may be 3
or more. It will be at least one kitchen and dining, bathroom, bed room and living room. Style of housing is
dependent on the base. In some bases there will be multi storey building in some cottage type and in some flat
system as well. Usually the quarters will be unfurnished. They have to furnish it themselves. They can decorate it
how they want. In some bases the quarters will be inside and in some bases it will be outside the base. The rules
and regulations for moving in/out to/from the family quarters depends on how many quarters the base has. There
are no other regulations for leaving the quarters.
Rooms provided to the NCOs depends, if they are unmarried then they have to live in barrack sharing with others.
But if he/ she is married then he can get the separate quarter which will be generally one or two rooms. The
barracks where soldiers live are multi-storied buildings. But if they get quarters, it can either be apartment in multi-
storeyed building or a cottage type or a flat with a compound. In barracks the rooms for soldiers are furnished with
bed and dresser, but if they get quarter it will be well furnished with kitchen and living room. Barracks will be
usually inside the cantonment, but if it is quarter then it can be inside or outside the bases. All junior enlisted that
are unmarried must live in the barracks provided by the military.
No ration is provided to the army instead the ration allowance is provided. And there is dining facilities inside the
base in discount rate for the service man. Commanding officers conduct health and welfare checks if they believe
there is a problem to the servicemen. While leaving the quarter the house must be returned the same way it was to
the housing office. Each post has its own office that takes care of move inside and move outs and renovations.
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Housing and family allowance is provided by army and it is upon the individual how they want to utilize it, either
staying inside the barracks or outside by paying rents.
4.6 British Army
4.6.1 Intro to Family Quarter System in British Army
The provision of good quality living accommodation for service personnel and their families is an important
priority for the Ministry of Defence (MOD). The MOD’s Defence Infrastructure Organization (DIO) manages
around 50,000 properties in the United Kingdom(UK) including planning targeted improvement programmes and
planning future requirements. On behalf of the DIO, Army, manages a comprehensive maintenance service,
allocation of properties, Service Family Accommodation(SFA) and furniture. In areas where SFA housing stock is
unavailable, service families may be provided with fully-serviced privately rented properties, known as SSFA.
This accommodation is sourced and leased on behalf of the MOD by Private Company.
SFA is at service personnel’s duty station or within a set radius; although may be eligible to apply for
surplus SFA at other locations. The type of property entitled is usually dependent on the rank for officers and
family size for other ranks. When servicemen apply for SFA, Occupancy Services Team will allocate a property
using the preferences expressed and based on the entitlement or eligibility, competing requirements, and service
agreements.
The family quarters are only available for service personnel. All the family quarters are same for all the ranks.
There are some restrictions to retain the family quarter if the service personnel are posted out and want to remain
the quarters. There should be a genuine reason to retain the family quarters. Generally, there are 2-3 bedroom in
family quarters. They provide flat as well as storeyed buildings depending on the availability of the family
accommodation. One can get fully furnished house as well as unfurnished house depending on individual choices.
Charges are deducted in the pay of soldiers and the charges depends on the grades of quarter somewhere around
from £200-£400. Ration is not provided by Army, some part of soldier's pay includes the expense for food and
rations. For single soldiers Pay as the Dine system is followed.
Officers get 2 bed room house for couple without child or child below 5 years old and for rest 3 or 4 bed room
house. House can be single storeyed house, furnished, inside/ outside the cantonment. For moving in - fill form,
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get house and move-in and for outgoing book move-out hand over keys and abide by all the army rules. Money is
deducted straight from pay approximately £ 150 - 350 / month (excluding council tax). No Ration is provided and
house is checked by civilian housing officer for any damage and general cleanliness before moving out. Quarters
are built by civilian contractors and dependent upon posting order it is done by civilian movers, maintained by
civilian company where damages are reported centrally but repairs are done by nearest branch offices. Also
dependent on postings army welfare centre only oversees the movement in/out of the family quarters maintenance
primarily done by civilian companies. Moving from one SFA (not substitute SFA) to another, the personnel is
allocated 2 weeks to hand it back, provided to do so within this time one will only be charged for one property. If
exceeded this period one may be charged for both properties.
Service personnel and their families moving into SFA should read guide to living in service family
accommodation on the army website, which contains important information about the services offered and the
responsibilities of service personal. In addition to arranging contents insurance to protect personal possessions,
the MOD strongly recommends to take out Licence to occupy insurance. This specialist insurance covers potential
liability incurred as a result of damage caused and would provide with cover up to the required £20,000. Carillion
Amey is responsible for the maintenance of SFA in the United Kingdom.
Charges for SFA for service personnel are set by the Armed Forces Pay Review Body. From the 1 April 2016
Mears Group were contracted to provide all substitute accommodation for both substitute service family
accommodation and single service substitute accommodation taking over from the previous contractor.
Mears have now taken over the management of all leases and will provide in occupation management for the
whole of the substitute accommodation portfolio including repairs and maintenance. Service personnel occupying
a substitute accommodation property should contact Mears for all occupation queries including out of hours’
emergencies.
At the agreed date and time, Accommodation Officer will meet you at the property and show you around. They
will give the opportunity to familiarize oneself with the new home, its fixtures, fittings and appliances, read
electricity/gas meters and measure levels in oil tanks, take possession of the keys, identify who is responsible for
any repair or maintenance queries, confirm that there is a valid Gas Safety Certificate in the SFA, complete and
sign the move in documentation. The personnel are required to inspect the property to ensure it meets the Move in
standard as outlined, signing to agree or otherwise that this standard has been met. (Defence and armed forces –
guidance for Service family accommodation, 2016)
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CHAPTER V
FEASIBILITY OF AN ELABORATE FAMILY QUARTER SYSTEM IN NA
5.1 Background Study
Married Service personnel are eligible to apply for family quarter system. The aim is to make family
accommodation available in NA and the Army's aim is to provide the same for accompanied overseas assignment
like while serving in UN mission. MOD is supposed to be responsible for regulating and providing family quarters
however NA is using its welfare fund to build family quarter accommodations. AG Branch Nibes responsible for
allocations, maintenance and repairs of quarters. for the accommodation charges raised, they will be deducted from
the Service person’s salary. Quarters must always be left domestically and hygienically clean and ready for an
incoming family to move in to. One should be charged if left dirty or damaged.
5.1.1 Type of family quarter
Family quarter system of different Armies as discussed above are of different type like cottage, single house,
apartment and multi-story building. However in our context due to the lack of availability of land and to make cost
effective multi-story buildings are feasible because in small space and single building it can accommodate large
number of families. But the type of accommodation must be separate regarding different ranks (officers, JCOs and
NCOs) also if possible it has to be constructed with respect to the number of family members and the requirement
of personals. Like in other armies different type of family quarters can be categorized like A, B, C, D etc. with its
characteristics.
5.1.2 Cost Analysis
Construction is a very expensive job and requires large amount of fund but being a resourceful organization. It can
be made cost effective in terms of technical and skilled manpower and with the help of combat engineering units
and directorate general of development and construction. NA has the experience of construction of roads and
bridges helping government in development process so with all the available resources the cost can be minimized
to a minimum level. Support from GoN should be proposed by NA.
5.1.3 Availability of Space
Most of the barrack areas are congested and as our landscape is also mostly cliffs and hills a large area for
construction of multi-story building is difficult. Only in plain areas large no of area can be occupied for
construction of family quarters. So with the present small no of family quarter accommodations inside the barracks
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it is better to construct quarters outside the barracks like family quarters for officers in Mahankal, Chhauni and
Sallaghari.
5.1.4 Advantages/Disadvantages
The types of recommended family quarters above (cottage, single house, apartment and multi-story buildings) have
their own advantage and disadvantages. Multi story building has advantage in terms of space and cost effective
whereas single house has the advantage of privacy and ease of movement. Regarding the cost, availability of space
and in the condition that if the construction will be phase wise then multi story buildings are suitable in our
context.
5.2 Resources Analysis
NA is using its own resource i.e. welfare fund to construct the family quarter accommodations. However with the
limited funding it is impossible to construct a modern accommodation and for all the personals of NA. different
resources have to be allocated for the construction of large number mega structures. NA can also propose
government via MoD for the fund.
5.2.1 Unit resources
Units of NA are resourceful in terms of skilled manpower and number of personals. Funds cannot be managed in
unit level to suffice high level of construction such as family quarter accommodations. Although there are
technical manpower required for the construction of buildings. Only thing that lacks is the materials required for
construction. The construction of family quarters if decentralized to unit level then it can be completed in short
period of time. But to construct a multi-story building using unit resources will take a lot of time.
5.2.2 Resources of NA welfare directorate
Welfare directorate is much more resourceful than unit level. It has ample amount of fund required for the
construction however the fund cannot be spent without the permission of the board in which prime minister is the
key person of the board members. Welfare directorate with the help of contractors via bidding process and
supervision of directorate general of development and construction directorate can complete the work in minimum
possible time.
5.2.3 Funding of NA HQ
Funds required for construction of family quarters can be managed by NA HQ by requesting the government with
proper planning and proposal. Either NA can work for allocation of separate budget with government for the
allocation of budget for the construction of quarters or use certain percentage of unit funds and private funds and
25
the budget allocated for the construction of the infrastructures inside the barracks. On the other hand NA can
demand for comparatively large amount of money for the construction of minimum required infrastructures and
use it for the construction of family quarter accommodations.
5.2.4 Required manpower
Manpower of the same unit where the construction of quarters are planned can be used however they require
supervision and technical support from engineers and directorate general of development and construction.
required for the construction can be used. This can be counterproductive by finishing the construction in time and
cost effective.
5.2.5 Upgradation /Renovation of Present Family Quarters
Present family quarter accommodations were constructed long time ago and at that time the requirement of NA
personals were also limited. But todays soldier have greater demands and have the habit of sophisticated and
comfort living. So the present family quarter accommodations should be upgraded phase wise and renovated where
possible. For the construction of new quarters new design as per the requirement of personals and availability of
funds and resources should be brought in practice. Also after the April 2015 earthquake 93 family quarters in 10
areas has to be renovated. Allocation of required fund is also proposed by welfare directorate to chief of army staff
for approval.
5.3 Administrative Arrangement
The most important part to manage and control family quarter facilities are the good administrative arrangement. A
proper administrative channel can help a lot in addressing the problems of the families staying inside the
perimeters and also recommend the higher authority about the works to be done and utilize the full resources of
NA. this help in building a prestige of NA in civilian community and make the value counterproductive.
Administrative arrangements should be done by welfare directorate and nibes in such a way that the families get a
quick and quality service in case of any repair and maintenance.
5.3.1 Central Coordination/Control
It has been seen that all the administrative and other micro management is done by welfare directorate itself or the
respective divisions. So if there is a condition of repair and maintenance of any small thing the chain of command
goes up the headquarter because the personal staying inside the quarters will have to write an application through
is unit via respective brigade and division to welfare directorate. It becomes a lengthy process so the families don’t
waste time instead they hire local or civil maintenance service for quick response. There is a necessity of
26
decentralization of command to look after family quarters and an independent body which is answerable only to
welfare directorate for providing quality and quick service inside the quarters.
5.3.2 Unit/Formation Coordination/Control
Family quarters inside the units is in the control of respective commanding officer. Among 136 places over the
country where family quarters are located all the administrative arrangement is looked after by the respective unit
senior JCO(subedar major). Administrative arrangements is done in such a way that, the amount of money that a
personal pays for staying inside the quarters 1% of the amount is given to the respective unit for the repair and
maintenance service. In some cases the amount is very less even to repair and maintenance of small things like
electric lights and sanitation. However if the commanding officer takes the initiative then the problems can be
solved immediately. The management committee for family quarters at the disposal of brigade and division is as
follows:
Chief of Staff/Deputy Brigade

Commander
Chairman
Deputy commanding officer under

comman of brigade and division
Member
Deputy chief of staff (logistics)/

Brigade Major
Member
Subedar Major of brigade and

division
Secretary
Figure 1 Management committee for family quarters at the disposal of brigade and division
The management committee for the family quarters inside the units and sub units is as follows:
27
Deputy Unit/ Sub-unit
commander
Chairman
Unit - sub unit head of

department
Member
Subedar Major/Senior JCO

Member
Figure 2 Management committee for the family quarters inside the units and sub units
Senior JCO/ NCO staying in the

building
Chairman
JCO/NCO staying in each flat

Member
Subedar Major/ Senior JCO

Secretary
Figure 3 Committee of families staying inside the quarters
5.3.3 Rules/Regulations/SOP
The rules and regulations to be followed by the service families when staying inside the quarters are determined by
the board and updated time by time. The management committee is responsible to look after repair and
maintenance and security issues. The coordination of management committee will be held in every 4 months . one
committee will be set up among the families staying inside the family quarters from each building. Family quarters
under the disposal of respective unit and subunit will submit the report to immediate chain of command after the
inspection by their duty officer, adjutant, officers and JCOs. The management board will inspect three times a
year. The maintenance of doors, windows, walls and other equipment will be repaired immediately but if the
reason of damage is negligence then compensation will be from the individual responsible. Duty is to be managed
by the unit responsible for the security. Record has to be established in the entrance about the incoming and
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outgoing persons and updated throughout the time. One copy of the application for staying inside the quarters will
be in the respective unit and another copy with a photograph is sent to welfare directorate. The details of repair and
maintenance also has to be sent to welfare directorate from respective locations every month. Management of
electricity, water, sanitation and garbage is to be managed by units including the facilities for children, health and
sanitation. Persons finishing their inside family quarter to leave it at the end of Chaitra and the persons whose
application has been approved to occupy the quarters from the first week of Baishak.
5.3.4 Miscellaneous
It is the responsibility of every unit and personal to maintain the hygiene, sanitation and standard of family
quarters provided by NA. so every individual must be abide by the rules and regulations as per the SOPs. It is also
the duty of the families to maintain the standard and complain to the authority in case of any discomfort. The
suggestions through the chain of command is also helpful to upgrade the standard. The families also must unite
regarding organizing programme and welfare activities among them. Maintain the environment of family quarters
by kitchen garden and garden with flowers for attraction. So in a nutshell it is the responsibility of all the
stakeholders i.e. NA, service personals and service families to maintain and upgrade the standard of existing
family quarter system.
5.4 Future Plans for Family Quarter in NA
On April 25, 2015, a 7.8 rector scale earthquake shock the core of Nepal, which severally damaged the live of
Nepalese. The damage done by the earthquake is still noticeable as most of the National heritage along with
liveable houses has not been reconstructed. The family quarters provided by the Nepalese Army also faced equal
damage. Therefore, the Nepalese Army has further analysed the need to develop new family quarters along with
reconstruction of the damaged quarters. The future plans includes building quarters to accommodate 20 family in 3
various locations. Along with other quarters accommodating 10 families in 3 various locations, guest house at 2
locations and transit camps at 2 different locations. The proposed location for these guest house and transit are
Dolakha, Tanahu, Jomson, Itahari, Illam, Amarpath and Teghari, Bhairahawa, Nepalgunj, Butwal respectively.
Quarters for accommodating 20 and 10 families are Kapilbastu, Rukum, Dang, Trishuli, Morang, Morang, Bara
and Chulachuli, Butwal, Shivapuri, Nawalparsi, Teghari, Dang, Shindhuli, Chautara, Gajuri and Palpa
respectively. According to ‘COAS command Guidance 2072’ basic infrastructure for serving personals families
will be increased gradually. The amount of family quarters will be gradually increased in future and for now
accommodations for 80 families will be constructed in appropriate places as follows
Table 6.1.6 Proposed family quarters to be constructed according to “COAS command guidance 2072”
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S.N Place No of family Capacity of families
quarters
1 Nawalpur, Sarlahi 1 20
2 Dharapani, Dhanusha 1 20
3 Rajbiraj, Saptari 1 20
4 Khairenitar, Tanahu 1 20
Total 4 80
CHAPTER VI
FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.1 Findings
6.1.1 Family Quarters are a Need not welfare
Although NA with its own initiative has worked and constructed family quarters in different parts of the country,
there are lots of hurdles in managing and proving better family quarter to all the NA personals. Still there is an
understanding that family quarter facilities are welfare provided to military personals whereas it is the basic need
of all personals of NA. Welfare is basically the provision of offering assistance to an individual in support his and
his family’s daily livelihood. In a more general sense, welfare also means the well-being of individuals or a group -
in other words, their health, happiness, safety, prosperity, and fortunes. So family quarter service are above welfare
and is a basic need. Also with the increment in size of army sufficient family quarters accommodation hasn’t been
constructed. Only 1508 families are getting facilities which is around 1.6% of total strength.
6.1.2 Type of family quarter best suited for NA
Looking at the family quarter system and services provided to different armies. The type of family quarter system
best suited for NA is the family quarter system inside barracks with the provision of ration. The family quarters
inside barracks should be well designed according to ranks, personals demands and size of the family. Multi-
30
storeyed buildings should be planned which can accommodate large no of families of service personals. Design of
Quarters given to teachers of army schools is the best example in our context which should be given to NA
personals.
6.1.3 Ideal/Appropriate Location
NA has its units and sub-units deployed all over the country. so family quarter system should be planned in the
area where there is availability of land. E.g regional headquarters, zonal headquarters and district headquarters. So
that family quarters can be planned and looked after by the respective headquarters, units and sub-units in that
location and managed properly. Also the existing family quarters can be given at the disposal of the respective
units which have the family quarters inside their wire. The family quarters constructed in urgency in different
locations to provide service to NA personals at the time of insurgency does not suit the family quarters for peace
time so NA Welfare Directorate. Also accommodations for officers, JCOs and NCOs should be separated. A
separate body must be made responsible to look after and maintain the standard of family quarters for long term
service.
6.1.4 Phase wise construction
NA with its own resources have constructed a great numbers of family quarter accommodations in various parts of
the country, construction of family quarters for all at once is not possible. Construction of family quarter facilities
is done phase wise but according to the requirement of officers, JCOs and NCOs this does not suffice the need.
6.1.5 Cost effective projects/constructions
Directorate general of development and construction is providing technical support for the construction of family
quarter system. Likewise combat engineering units are also assisting the construction of family quarter facilities.
As compared to civil contractors NA construction is more cost effective. NA’s contribution in development and
construction work and Construction of public places during the recovery process after the devastating earthquake
justifies cost effectiveness.
6.1.6 Best practises of foreign militaries family quarter system
The best practice of foreign military family quarter during the research is in all Armies above family quarters are
available and meant only for the serving personals. The family quarter accommodations are only applicable for
peacetime situations and postings. In Bangladesh army different size, shape, structure and other associated
facilities based on their rank and appointment. if the allotted family quarter doesn’t suffice the need of the
servicemen or if the demand of family quarters are overwhelming, he/she along with their families can take a
house/flat in rent near the cantonment and the government will ensure that they get paid with house rent allowance
31
every month to clear the monthly due of the private flat rented. After retirement, the government provides DOHS
above the rank of colonel in which they can spend their remaining life. Dry ration is provided to the army
personals and their family residing in the family quarters like rice, flour, pulse/lentils, salt, sugar, milk etc. In
Indian army All the military personnel from other ranks up to the highest rank are authorised with family quarters
but depends on rank structure generally 2-3 bed rooms, drawing room, kitchen and store room. Type of family
quarter also depends upon the requirement of the applying soldiers, no of available quarters and availability of land
space which may be multi-storied/ cottage or flat with compound. NCOs and JCOs are also provided with 2
bedroom apartments with dining room and kitchen and MES is responsible to address the maintenance issues. In
Srilanka army a building similar to the appearance to bungalow with 5 room along with kitchen and living room is
provided to the first class officers. For mid carrier and junior officers a building with 3 rooms apart from kitchen
and living room is provided. Every allocated quarters are cottage style having a specific compound periphery in
different area which are located within the cantonment, slightly away from the military installation.
In US army rooms provided to the officers are based upon the size of the family, and what their rank has earned. It
may be 3 or more. ration allowance is provided. And there is dining facilities inside the base in discount rate for
the service man. The MOD of UK manages Family Quarter Accommodations for service personals and manages a
comprehensive maintenance service, allocation of properties, furniture, conducting move in and move out
appointments. In areas where SFA housing stock is unavailable, service families may be provided with fully-
serviced privately rented properties, known as SSFA. The type of property entitled is usually dependent on the
rank for officers and family size for other ranks. Generally, there are 2-3 bedroom in family quarters. They provide
flat as well as story buildings depending on the availability of the family accommodation. One can get fully
furnished house as well as unfurnished house depending on individual choices. Quarters are built by civilian
contractors and dependent upon posting order it is done by civilian movers, maintained by civilian company where
damages are reported centrally but repairs are done by nearest branch offices.
32
6.1.7 Non-Uniformity in family quarters geographically
The number of family quarters isn’t proportionate to military personnel in the area/region. there are few family
quarter accommodation for officers in Kathmandu but not in other regions in Nepal. Families living in their home
have to move to the areas where the family quarters and available which is a difficult process because every 2
years they have to move from family quarters to other locations. Most of the accommodations are constructed
inside Kathmandu valley only and not decentralized. Numerous quarters are constructed outside the valley which
does not meet the standard.
6.1.8 Improper maintenance of the existing family quarters accommodations
During the research it was found that family quarters lack proper maintenance and the hygiene and sanitation
facilities are not prioritized. Maintenance was not done timely and no renovation works were carried out which
resulted in the destruction of many accommodations during earthquake.
6.1.9 Inconsistency in providing family quarters
Every NA personal is in need of family quarters even if they don’t get chance to enjoy family quarter facilities
provided. During the research it was found that some personals were enjoying the facility for a long time even in
the rule the one time tenure is two years but others had to wait a long time to get family quarter for two years.
Making fake reasons and exploiting favouritism inconsistency in distribution of family quarters was found. Not all
officers have the reach to acquire the facilities. One who isn’t able to make connection will always end up short.
6.1.10 Level of coordination
The level of coordination to apply for family quarters is also different. Family quarters outside Kathmandu valley
are in the disposal of respective units and family quarter inside Kathmandu valley are in the disposal of various
div and bde hq, units and sub-units. Welfare directorate and AG affiliated nibes has their own duties in distribution
of family quarters which makes the personal applying for quarters in dilemma.
33
6.1.11 Survey Questionnaire Results
A survey was conducted among 18 Nepalese Army Personnel of different ranks to analyse the perceived feeling
towards the Nepalese Army Family Quarters and the experience of living in the quarters. The findings from the
survey are further elaborated in this chapter.
Majority of the respondents were Major (12) and Captain (6) with an age ranging from 25 to 35 and service span
from 10 years to 13 years. Out of the 18 respondents, 14 were married with only 4 personnel enjoying the family
quarters provided by NA.
The highest verdict (33.3%) towards the perceived feeling of the family quarter system of NA was unsatisfactory.
Followed by undisclosed feeling (27.8%), satisfactory(16.7%), could be better(11.1%), above standard(5.6%) and
below standard (5.6%) respectively. Furthermore, the respondents were neutral towards the question with regards
to the family quarters built were at convenient location where one personnel strongly believed the location chosen
was very convenient however, three personnel strongly disagreed with the same. High inclination towards the
location being safe could be seen when asked if they felt the family quarter were at safe location with 33.3%
strongly believing it was indeed at secure and sage location. 16.7% strongly disagree on the family quarter being
spacious and facilities (water, sanitation & waste management) provided being adequate whereas 44.5% are
neutral. The quarter’s construction being properly done seems to be perceived doubtful as majority has chosen to
disagreeing to the statement “The structure/building were well constructed.” Regardless, the personnel feels the
building are safe with 50% voting on neutral scale.
When questioned about the timely maintenance of the building, 12 personnel chose to disagreeing to the quarters
being maintained on time. 27.8% believe the family quarter are not appealing to the eyes and 50% were neutral to
the statement. 14 personnel believe there is a lack of proper child friendly space within the quarter. 83.3% are
dissatisfied with the facilities provided by the Nepalese Army. When asked to provide any suggestions, the
personnel emphasised on increasing the capacity of family quarter throughout the country. Adequate and child
friendly space, properly facilities in the quarter and timely maintenance are some of the other suggestions given by
the interviewed personnel. Survey Questionnaire is shown in Appendix B
The survey finding highlights the perceived feeling about the family quarter system which needs ample of
improvement. To eliminate the dissatisfaction NA should adapt few policies to improve the quality of living at the
assigned quarters. Facilities provided should be timely maintained & repaired through following a chain of
command or viz. the authoritative body. Further additional of facilities would enhance the quality of family quarter
and would alleviate the perceived feeling towards the Nepalese Army Family quarter system. Survey Responses
and Graphs are shown in Appendix C
34
6.2 Conclusion
The duties of NA set out the obligation that the Government provide basic need like family quarter. The facilities
provided to NA is not a package of benefits: rather it is the government’s aspiration for NA Community. Its key
principles are that they should face no disadvantage compared to other citizens in the provision of public and
commercial services; and that special consideration is appropriate in some cases, especially for those who have
given the most, such as the injured and bereaved. It belongs to the whole Nation, and it is not just for the
government to deliver. Local Authorities, local communities, public services, businesses, charities, individuals and
the Armed Forces themselves have a role to play. Army communities all over the world is helped and supported by
local communities, businessmen and entrepreneurs.
Organizations provide welfare facilities to their employees to keep their motivation levels high. In terms of Nepal,
the concept of security forces was derived from historical periods. In 2009 BS, the military organization was
reorganized and the army was kept in the barrack system. The government was responsible to provide living,
ration and clothing as well as other essentials for the training and daily purposes. It was the start of the first welfare
system in the modern NA. A salient characteristic of NA is that it’s welfare is funded by the contributions from
serving personnel for their own future benefit. All members of the Army who take part in the UN missions
contribute 5-12% of their MSA to the fund.
The importance of Family quarter system in the NA may not be limited to providing welfare to the servicemen but
may be extended as elaborate system of family quarter system also. The mentality of a soldier can be kept in peace
by the provision of schemes to look for his family. The main challenge faced by NA regarding family quarter
system is that it is using its own welfare fund to construct the accommodations required for families. A sustainable
plan must be submitted to government via MOD to build a modern and resilient system of family quarter required
for all ranks.
6.3 Recommendations
Nepal Army’s contribution in the nation building process has always been a matter of pride and glory. It has
always performed its duty towards the nations and its citizen with high level of morale and motivation. Despite
several difficulties Nepal Army has proven its professionalism time and again. It is the Nepalese soldier who
unconditionally devotes his/her life in serving the nation even in very difficult situation. Thus, it becomes the
responsibility of the institution and more over the responsibility of the government to look after their welfare and
welfare of the families so they are obliged to provide family quarters like other armies.
35
Besides various accommodations being constructed for the purpose of family quarters, there is a dire need of a
modern type of family quarter accommodation which addresses the demands of all the ranks serving in army to
keep up the morale of the soldier who have joined this glorious army and have shown their readiness to sacrifice
themselves if needed. In view of the above analysis of existing family quarter system the following are
recommended in order to effectively manage family quarter system and accommodations in future.
6.3.1 To the GoN
6.3.1.1 GoN should study the relevancy and necessity of family quarters for NA. MoD should also assist GoN and
recommend the type and place for quarters.
6.3.1.2 There is a practice of allocating separate budget and civil contractors for such tasks even in our neighboring
countries like India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Hence, GoN should also allocate a separate budget for the
construction of family quarter accommodations in NA.
6.3.1.3 A separate branch is to be established within the MoD to look after the construction and maintenance of
family quarter accommodations which are run by the government’s budget. This branch should be held responsible
to plan, formulate, implement and evaluate the accommodations along with the allocation of charges for different
type of accommodation.
6.3.1.4 There is a need of clear distinction While evolving plans to construct and provide family quarter facilities
to military personals. GoN should take into consideration of such distinction and prioritize the provision of
accommodation required for NA.
6.3.2 To the Nepal Army
There is a clear necessity to restructure the AG branch nibes due to the work load it has been bearing regarding the
allocation of family quarter accommodations in the present context. A permanent body is required to be set up
within the Directorate to conduct research activities prior to construction and distribution of family quarter
accommodations in the later period. Duplication of chain of command to look after the family quarter system and
distribution of quotas should be discarded. An accountable and transparent system has to be devised so that all the
NA personal in need of family quarter facilities shall get it. NA fund has to be used in such a way that family
quarter accommodations can be expanded so that it will pay back the investment later, or if not, purpose should be
such that it can sustain itself for a longer period of time. A huge amount of financial expenditure has been done in
constructions of family quarters across the country. However, with such huge investment the beneficiaries remain
36
near about 5% of the total military personnel. Thus it is necessary to create a different fund or allocate different
budget from the government to construct family quarter accommodations. The glory of the NA is a long one. To
maintain its glory its members should have excellent family quarter system. To have an excellent family quarter
system recommendations are as follows:
6.3.2.1 Family Quarters should not be considered as welfare but a basic need for today. Growing urbanization
also is the cause by which soldiers need family quarters inside/ outside the barracks.
6.3.2.2 A multi storeyed building with apartments having basic furniture is best suited family quarter system for
NA.
6.3.2.3 The locations around Div hq, Bde hq, units and sub-units shall be Appropriate Location of family quarters
for all ranks.
6.3.2.4 Phase wise construction of the building should be done defining the areas to overcome financial
shortcomings.
6.3.2.5 NA using its development and construction directorate and skilled manpower from combat engineers,
units and sub units can make the family quarters construction projects Cost effective.
6.3.2.6 A separate entity with the representatives from MOD should be adopted similar to foreign militaries family
quarter system.
6.3.2.7 Family quarter system must be standardized in all geographical locations uniformly in future projects.
6.3.2.8 Proper maintenance body must be made responsible for the required maintenance inside family quarter
accommodations.
6.3.2.9 Every individual must be able to utilize family quarters equally. Distribution of family quarters must be
consistent. Reserves and other miscellaneous quotas must be removed.
6.3.2.10 Centralized coordination of family quarter system must be done under welfare directorate to look
after the distribution of family quarters.
Separate entity under directorate of welfare fund

To counter the managerial difficulties of family quarter system a separate body under directorate of army welfare
fund must be established.
Technical and systematic approach to building family quarters

The planning and policy for construction of family quarter system should be made with the help of technical
experts and engineers from NA development and construction directorate general. They should be made on the
basis of systematic study and analyses of the requirements of the NA personnel.
37
Medical facilities and basic facilities
Establish medical facilities and basic requirement in family quarter accommodation area to make service more
efficient, provide service to all the families accommodating in that area.
Land and housing schemes
Develop land in Kathmandu valley and regional areas in more efficient way so that a person can get at least one
land. Even individual housing and multistoried buildings of different standards can be constructed and provided to
NA personals in need.
Appendix A
Details of Family Quarter Accommodations Provided By NA Welfare

Directorate
No of
S.N Unit Location
Quarters
1 Valley Div Narayanhiti 20
2 Directorate of VVIP Security Narayanhiti 10
3 RanaBom Bn Tokha 10
4 Singhanath Bn Chitwan 5
5 No 26 Signal Coy Kavre 10
6 Yuddhakawach Battalion Sitapaila 10
7 No 10 Bde Maharajgunj 44
8 Welfare Directorate Bhadrakali 40
9 AG Branch (Nibes) Bhadrakali 80
10 MES Tripureshwor 20
11 AD Directorate Chhauni 20
12 No 1 Bde Balaju 20
13 S and IT Directorate (Bijeshwori) Bhadrakali 20
14 S and IT Directorate (Chhauni Bhadrakali 10
15 Engineers Directorate Gothatar 10
38
16 Jagadal Bn (Officers) Chhauni 10
17 Jagadal Bn Chhauni 10
18 No 1 Garrison Bn Hanumandhoka 10
19 Supply and Transport Battalion Thapathali 10
20 Rajdal Bn Patan 10
21 Army logistics depot Chhauni 10
22 Mahabir Bn Chhauni 10
23 Bridging Department Thankot 10
24 Bhairab Prasad Bn Salyan 10
25 Birendra Hospital Chhauni 10
26 Sundarijal Arsenal Sundarijal 10
27 Army Command and Staff College Shivapuri 10
28 EME School Kharipati 10
29 Nepali Sainik War College Nagarkot 10
30 Swayambhu Explosive Factory Swayambhu 10
31 EME Directorate Topkhana 18
32 Ashakiran Hostel (Single Women) Bijeshwori 10
33 Birdal Bn Suryabinayak 24
34 Gorakh Bahadur Bn Chautara 10
35 No 6 Bde Bairini 30
36 Recruit Training Center Trishuli 10
37 No 7 Bde Chanban 20
38 Barakh Bn Birgunj 10
39 Shumsherdal Bn Okhaldhunga 6
40 Durga Box Bn Accham 10
41 Kalishakti Bn (E) Bhaise 10
42 CIJW School Bara 16
43 Stuard Farm Center Chitwan 10
44 Chandidal Bn Sindhuli 10
45 First Rifle Bn Mahottari 20
46 Romeo Bty (No 1 Rajdal Bn) Dhanusha 10
47 Eastern Div. Hq Itahari 10
39
48 No 2 Bde Hile 20
49 Ranabom Bn Bhojpur 10
50 Shreemehar Bn Dhankuta 10
51 Kalibox Bn (E) Morang 10
52 Shreedal Coy Sankhuwasabha 10
53 No 18 Bde Gaighat 20
54 Naya Sabuj Bn Suparitar 20
55 Jabargunj Bn Butawal 18
56 Kishnadal Bn Rajbiraj 10
57 Bhawanidal Bn Gaighat 10
58 No 21 Bde Jhapa 10
59 Kalidhoj Bn Illam 10
60 Bishnudal Bn Pachthar 10
61 Naya ranabhim Coy Taplejung 10
62 Indradhoj Bn Narayanhiti 10
63 Western Div. Hq (Guest House) Pokhara 10
64 Western Div. Hq Pokhara 72
65 Naya Gorakh Bn Siraha 25
66 Ranasinghdal Bn Gorkha 10
67 No 22 Bde Butwal 10
68 Kalijung Bn Kapilwasthu 10
69 Bhawanibox Bn Mahendranagar 10
70 Sabuj Bn Arghakachi 10
71 Guru Gorakh Coy Gulmi 10
72 Shree Box Coy Myagdi 10
73 Mountain Warfare School Jomsom 10
74 Mid-Western Div. Surkhet 10
75 No 2 Rajdal Bn Surkhet 17
76 MWD AD Bty Surkhet 10
77 Rudradhoj Bn Nepalgunj 20
78 Samasur Coy Dailekh 10
79 Birdal Bn Suryabinayak 10
40
80 Ripumardan Bn Dang 12
81 Gorakh Box Bn (JCO) Pyuthan 1
82 Gorakh Box Bn Pyuthan 21
83 Devidutta Bn Dhading 10
84 Ranashur Coy Kalikot 10
85 Far Western Div Hq Dipayal 10
86 Shivadal Bn Kailali 10
87 Ranasher Bn Sunachari 10
88 No 25 Bde Mahendranagar 25
89 Siddhibox Bn Pokhara 10
90 Garuddal Bn Dadeldhura 10
91 Durgadal Coy Darchula 10
92 Satrumardan Gulma Baitadi 10
93 No 5 Field Coy and No 5 Recruit Training School Kailali 10
94 No 4 FA Coy Nepalgunj 10
95 No 26 Bde Bhakundebesi 10
96 Ahridaman Bn Singhadurbar 9
97 Sanghasardul Coy Humla 10
98 Mahindradal Bn Chitwan 10
99 Sher Bn Khotang 15
100 Kali Bahadur Bn Jhapa 22
101 No 1 Jagadal Bn Sunachuri
10
Total 1320
41
Appendix B
Survey Questionnaire
42
43
44
45
Appendix C
Survey Response
46
47
48
REFERENCES
“Defence and armed forces – guidance for Service family accommodation” by UK army retrieved from
http://www.army.mod.uk/welfare-support/23201.aspx on 28 November 2016
“Housing Options for Military Members and Their Families” by UK army retrieved from
http://www.army.mod.uk/welfare-support/23201.aspx on 28 November 2016
“A Guide for Army Families” by MOD UK retrieved from

http://www.army.mod.uk/documents/general/families_guide_final_locked.pdf on 2 November 2016
49
“Housing” by US army retrieved from http://www.wiesbaden.army.mil/docs/Housing_Handbook.pdf on 03
November 2016
“Military Housing” by Carillon Amey retrieved from http://todaysmilitary.com/living/military-housing on 25

October 2016
“Family Housing” by US Army retrieved from http://www.goarmy.com/soldier-life/being-a-

soldier/housing/family-housing.html on 05 November 2016
“Housing and Job Moves” by UK army retrieved from http://www.army.mod.uk/welfare-support/23201.aspx on

28 October 2016
“MOD Considering Private Accommodation for Army Families” by MOD UK retrieved from
http://forces.tv/08128800 on 25 October 2016
“Kalyankari Darpan” 2072 Published by Nepalese army Kalyankari Yojana Nirdeshanalaya on Falgun 2072
“Ka Ra Bi (Nibes) - Adhikrit pariwar awash karyabidhi 2068” by Nibes retrieved on 10 November 2016
“Kalyankari yojana Nirdeshanalaya - Sainik Pariwar awash sambandhi karyabidhi” by Kalyankari Yojana
Nirdeshanalaya 2068 retrieved on 10 November 2016
“Nepalese army kalyankari yojana nirdeshanalaya sainik pariwar awas (officers, JCO and NCO) management
manual 2069” by Kalyankari Yojana Nirdeshanalaya retrieved on 10 November 2016
50

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CHAPTER I

1.1 Background of the Study

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1.2.1 What is the present existing system of family quarters in NA?

1.3 Objective of the Study

1.3.1 Study existing system of family quarters in NA.

1.4 Justification of the Study

1.5 Significance of the Study

1.6 Limitations of the Study

1.7 Research Methodology

1.8 Organization of Chapters

UK Ministry of Defence and Defence Infrastructure Organisation on 12 Dec, 2012 published set of regulations

PRESENT EXISTING FAMILY QUARTER SYSTEM IN NA

3.2 Beginning of Family Quarter system in NA

3.3.1 JCOs and NCOs Quarter

Table 3.1 Distribution of family quarters inside Kathmandu

Table 1 Distribution of family quarters located in Basbari under No 10 Bde

Table 3 Distribution of family quarters located at Bijeshori under No 1 Bde

Table 4 Distribution of family quarters located at Bijeshori under Signal Directorate

Table 5 Distribution of family quarters located at Bijeshori under MES (survey)

Table 8 Distribution of family quarters located at Bijeshowri under AG Branch (Nibes)

Table 9 Distribution of officers family quarter by valley div hq

Table 10 Distribution of family quarters for officers

3.3.4 Administrative perspective

3.4 Family Quarters outside the Barracks

4.1 Bangladesh Army

4.1.1 Intro to Family Quarter System in Bangladesh Army

4.1.2 Use of family Quarter facilities

4.1.3 Officers family Quarter System

4.1.5 Administrative Arrangements

4.2 Indian Army

4.2.1 Intro to Family Quarter System in Indian Army

4.2.3 Officers family Quarter System

4.2.4 JCOs and NCOs family quarter system

4.2.5 Administrative Arrangements

4.3.1 Intro to Family Quarter System in Pakistan Army

4.3.2 Use of family Quarter facilities

4.3.3 Officers family Quarter System

4.3.4 JCOs and NCOs family quarter system

4.4 Sri Lankan Army

4.4.1 Intro to Family Quarter System in Sri Lanka Army

4.4.2 Use of family Quarter facilities

4.4.3 Officers family Quarter System

4.4.5 Administrative Arrangements

4.5.1 Intro to Family Quarter System in US Army

4.5.3 Officers family Quarter System

4.5.4 JCOs and NCOs family quarter system

4.5.5 Administrative Arrangements

4.6 British Army

4.6.1 Intro to Family Quarter System in British Army

4.6.2 Use of family Quarter facilities

4.6.3 Officers family Quarter System

4.6.4 JCOs and NCOs family quarter system

4.6.5 Administrative Arrangements

FEASIBILITY OF AN ELABORATE FAMILY QUARTER SYSTEM IN NA

5.1 Background Study

5.1.1 Type of family quarter