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Carlos Fuentes

Carlos Fuentes Macías (/ˈfwɛnteɪs/;[1] Spanish: [ˈkaɾlos ˈfwentes] ( listen); November 11,
1928 – May 15, 2012) was a Mexican novelist and essayist. Among his works are The Death
of Artemio Cruz (1962), Aura (1962), Terra Nostra (1975), The Old Gringo (1985) and
Christopher Unborn (1987). In his obituary, The New York Times described Fuentes as "one
of the most admired writers in the Spanish-speaking world" and an important influence on
the Latin American Boom, the "explosion of Latin American literature in the 1960s and
'70s",[2] while The Guardian called him "Mexico's most celebrated novelist".[3] His many
literary honors include the Miguel de Cervantes Prize as well as Mexico's highest award, the
Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor. He was often named as a likely candidate for the
Nobel Prize in Literature, though he never won.[4]
Carlos Fuentes

Fuentes in 2009

Born Carlos Fuentes Macías


November 11, 1928
Panama City, Panama

Died May 15, 2012 (aged 83)


Mexico City, Mexico

Resting place Cimetière du Montparnasse, Paris

Occupation Novelist, writer

Nationality Mexican

Period 1954–2012

Literary movement Latin American Boom

Notable works The Death of Artemio Cruz (1962)

Terra Nostra (1975)

The Old Gringo (1985)

Spouse Rita Macedo (1959–73)

Silvia Lemus (1976–2012, his death)

Children Cecilia Fuentes Macedo (1962–)

Carlos Fuentes Lemus (1973–1999)

Natasha Fuentes Lemus (1974–2005)


Life and career

Fuentes was born in Panama City, the son of Berta Macías and Rafael Fuentes, the latter of
whom was a Mexican diplomat.[2][5] As the family moved for his father's career, Fuentes
spent his childhood in various Latin American capital cities,[3] an experience he later
described as giving him the ability to view Latin America as a critical outsider.[6] From 1934
to 1940, Fuentes' father was posted to the Mexican Embassy in Washington, D.C.,[7] where
Carlos attended English-language school, eventually becoming fluent.[3][7] He also began to
write during this time, creating his own magazine, which he shared with apartments on his
block.[3]

In 1938, Mexico nationalized foreign oil holdings, leading to a national outcry in the U.S.; he
later pointed to the event as the moment in which he began to understand himself as
Mexican.[7] In 1940, the Fuentes family was transferred to Santiago, Chile. There Carlos first
became interested in socialism, which would become one of his lifelong passions, in part
through his interest in the poetry of Pablo Neruda.[8] He lived in Mexico for the first time at
the age of 16, when he went to study law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico
(UNAM) in Mexico City with an eye toward a diplomatic career.[3] During this time, he also
began working at the daily newspaper Hoy and writing short stories.[3] He later attended
the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva.[9]

In 1957, Fuentes was named head of cultural relations at the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs.[7]
The following year, he published Where the Air Is Clear, which immediately made him a
"national celebrity"[7] and allowed him to leave his diplomatic post to write full-time.[2] In
1959, he moved to Havana in the wake of the Cuban Revolution, where he wrote pro-Castro
articles and essays.[7] The same year, he married Mexican actress Rita Macedo.[3]
Considered "dashingly handsome",[5] Fuentes also had high-profile affairs with actresses
Jeanne Moreau and Jean Seberg, who inspired his novel Diana: The Goddess Who Hunts
Alone.[7] His second marriage, to journalist Silvia Lemus, lasted until his death.[10]

Fuentes served as Mexico's ambassador to France from 1975 to 1977, resigning in protest of
former President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz's appointment as ambassador to Spain.[2] He also
taught at Cambridge, Brown, Princeton, Harvard, Columbia, University of Pennsylvania,
Dartmouth, and Cornell.[10][11] His friends included Luis Buñuel, William Styron, Friedrich
Dürrenmatt,[7] and sociologist C. Wright Mills, to whom he dedicated his book The Death of
Artemio Cruz.[12] Once good friends with Nobel-winning Mexican poet Octavio Paz, Fuentes
became estranged from him in the 1980s in a disagreement over the Sandinistas, whom
Fuentes supported.[2] In 1988, Paz's magazine Vuelta carried an attack by Enrique Krauze
on the legitimacy of Fuentes' Mexican identity, opening a feud between Paz and Fuentes
that lasted until Paz's 1998 death.[7] In 1989, he was the subject of a full-length PBS
television documentary, "Crossing Borders: The Journey of Carlos Fuentes," which also
aired in Europe and was broadcast repeatedly in Mexico.[13]

Fuentes fathered three children. Only one of them survived him: Cecilia Fuentes Macedo,
born in 1962.[2] A son, Carlos Fuentes Lemus, died from complications associated with
hemophilia in 1999 at the age of 25. A daughter, Natasha Fuentes Lemus (born August 31,
1974), died of an apparent drug overdose in Mexico City on August 22, 2005, at the age of
30.[14]

Writing

Carlos Fuentes has been called "the Balzac of Mexico". Fuentes himself cited Miguel de
Cervantes, William Faulkner and Balzac as the most important writers to him.[15]

Fuentes described himself as a pre-modern writer, using only pens, ink and paper. He
asked, "Do words need anything else?" Fuentes said that he detested those authors who
from the beginning claim to have a recipe for success. In a speech on his writing process,
he related that when he began the writing process, he began by asking, "Who am I writing
for?"[16]

Fuentes' first novel, Where the Air Is Clear (La región más transparente), was an immediate
success.[2] The novel is built around the story of Federico Robles – who has abandoned his
revolutionary ideals to become a powerful financier – but also offers "a kaleidoscopic
presentation" of vignettes of Mexico City, making it as much a "biography of the city" as of
an individual man.[17] The novel was celebrated not only for its prose, which made heavy
use of interior monologue and explorations of the subconscious,[2] but also for its "stark
portrait of inequality and moral corruption in modern Mexico".[18]

A year later, he followed with another novel, The Good Conscience (Las Buenas
Conciencias), which depicted the privileged middle classes of a medium-sized town,
probably modeled on Guanajuato. Described by a contemporary reviewer as "the classic
Marxist novel", it tells the story of a privileged young man whose impulses toward social
equality are suffocated by his family's materialism.[19]

Fuentes' best-known novel, The Death of Artemio Cruz (La muerte de Artemio Cruz)
appeared in 1962 and is today "widely regarded as a seminal work of modern Spanish
American literature".[8] Like many of his works, the novel used rotating narrators, a
technique critic Karen Hardy described as demonstrating "the complexities of a human or
national personality".[7] The novel is heavily influenced by Orson Welles' Citizen Kane, and
attempts literary parallels to Welles' techniques, including close-up, cross-cutting, deep
focus, and flashback.[8] Like Kane, the novel begins with the titular protagonist on his
deathbed; the story of Cruz's life is then filled in by flashbacks as the novel moves between
past and present. Cruz is a former soldier of the Mexican Revolution who has become
wealthy and powerful through "violence, blackmail, bribery, and brutal exploitation of the
workers".[20] The novel explores the corrupting effects of power and criticizes the distortion
of the revolutionaries' original aims through "class domination, Americanization, financial
corruption, and failure of land reform".[21]

A prolific writer, Fuentes subsequent work in the 1960s include the novel Aura (1962), the
short story collection Cantar de Ciego (1966), the novella Zona Sagrada (1967) and A
Change of Skin (1967), an experimental novel that attempts to define a collective Mexican
consciousness by exploring and reinterpreting the country's myths.[22]

Fuentes' 1975 Terra Nostra, perhaps his most ambitious novel, is a "massive, Byzantine
work" that tells the story of all Hispanic civilization.[8] Modeled on James Joyce's Finnegans
Wake, Terra Nostra shifts unpredictably between the sixteenth century and the twentieth,
seeking the roots of contemporary Latin American society in the struggle between the
conquistadors and indigenous Americans. Like Artemio Cruz, the novel also draws heavily
on cinematic techniques.[8] The novel won the Xavier Villaurrutia Award in 1976[23] and the
Venezuelan Rómulo Gallegos Prize in 1977.[24]

His 1985 novel The Old Gringo (Gringo viejo), loosely based on American author Ambrose
Bierce's disappearance during the Mexican Revolution,[10] became the first U.S. bestseller
written by a Mexican author.[4] The novel tells the story of Harriet Winslow, a young
American woman who travels to Mexico, and finds herself in the company of an aging
American journalist (called only "the old gringo") and Tomás Arroyo, a revolutionary general.
Like many of Fuentes' works, it explores the way in which revolutionary ideals become
corrupted, as Arroyo chooses to pursue the deed to an estate where he once worked as a
servant rather than follow the goals of the revolution.[25] In 1989, the novel was adapted
into the U.S. film Old Gringo starring Gregory Peck, Jane Fonda, and Jimmy Smits.[4] A long
profile of Fuentes in the U.S. magazine, "Mother Jones," describes the filming of "The Old
Gringo" in Mexico with Fuentes on the set.[26]

In the mid-1980s Fuentes began to conceptualize his total fiction, past and future, in
fourteen cycles called "La Edad del Tiempo", explaining that his total work is a lengthy
reflection on time. The plan for the cycle first appeared as a page in the Spanish edition of
his satirical novel Christopher Unborn in 1987, and as a page in his subsequent books with
minor revisions to the original plan.[27][28]

In 1992 he published The Buried Mirror: Reflections on Spain and the New World, an
historical essay that attempts to cover the entire cultural history of Spain and Latin America.
The book was a complement to a Discovery Channel and BBC television series by the same
name.[29] Fuentes work of nonfiction also include La nueva novela hispanoamericana (1969;
“The New Hispano-American Novel”), which is his chief work of literary criticism, and
Cervantes; o, la critica de la lectura (1976; “Cervantes; or, The Critique of Reading”), an
homage to the Spanish writer Miguel de Cervantes.[22]

In 1999 Fuentes published the novel The Years With Laura Diaz. A companion book to The
Death of Artemio Cruz, the characters are from the same period, but the story is told by a
woman exiled from her province after the revolution. The novel includes some of Fuentes
own family history in Veracruz and has been called "a vast, panoramic novel" dealing with
"questions of progress, revolution and modernity" and "the ordinary life of the individual
that struggles to find its place".[30][31]

Mexican historian Enrique Krauze was a vigorous critic of Fuentes and his fiction, dubbing
him a "guerrilla dandy" in a 1988 article for the perceived gap between his Marxist politics
and his personal lifestyle.[32] Krauze accused Fuentes of selling out to the PRI government
and being "out of touch with Mexico", exaggerating its people to appeal to foreign
audiences: "There is the suspicion in Mexico that Fuentes merely uses Mexico as a theme,
distorting it for a North American public, claiming credentials that he does not have."[5][33]
The essay, published in Octavio Paz's magazine Vuelta, began a feud between Paz and
Fuentes that lasted until Paz's death.[7] Following Fuentes' death, however, Krauze
described him to reporters as "one of the most brilliant writers of the 20th Century".[34]

Fuentes' works have been translated into 24 languages.[4] He remained prolific to the end of
his life, with an essay on the new government of France appearing in Reforma newspaper
on the day of his death.[35]

Political views

The Los Angeles Times described Fuentes' politics as "moderate liberal", noting that he
criticized "the excesses of both the left and the right".[5] Fuentes was a long-standing critic
of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) government that ruled Mexico between 1929
and the election of Vicente Fox in 2000, and later of Mexico's inability to reduce drug
violence. He has expressed his sympathies with the Zapatista rebels in Chiapas.[2] Fuentes
was also critical of U.S. foreign policy, including Ronald Reagan's opposition to the
Sandinistas,[7] George W. Bush's anti-terrorism tactics,[2] U.S. immigration policy,[4] and the
role of the U.S. in the Mexican Drug War.[5] His politics caused him to be blocked from
entering the United States until a Congressional intervention in 1967.[2] Once, after being
denied permission to travel to a 1963 New York City book release party, he responded "The
real bombs are my books, not me".[2] Much later in his life, he commented that "The United
States is very good at understanding itself, and very bad at understanding others."[3]

The U.S. State Department and the Federal Bureau of Investigation closely monitored
Fuentes during the 1960s, purposefully delaying — and often denying — the author's visa
applications.[36] Fuentes' FBI file, released on June 20, 2013, reveals that the FBI's upper
echelons were interested in Fuentesʼ movements, because of the writer's suspected
communist-leanings and criticism of the Vietnam War. Long-time FBI Associate Director
Clyde Tolson was copied on several updates about Fuentes.[36]

Initially a supporter of Fidel Castro's Cuban Revolution, Fuentes turned against Castro after
being branded a "traitor" to Cuba in 1965 for attending a New York conference[7] and the
1971 imprisonment of poet Heberto Padilla by the Cuban government.[3] The Guardian
described him as accomplishing "the rare feat for a leftwing Latin American intellectual of
adopting a critical attitude towards Fidel Castro's Cuba without being dismissed as a pawn
of Washington."[3] Fuentes also criticized Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, dubbing him
"a tropical Mussolini."[2]

Fuentes' last message on Twitter read, "There must be something beyond slaughter and
barbarism to support the existence of mankind and we must all help search for it."[37]

Death

On May 15, 2012, Fuentes died in Angeles del Pedregal hospital in southern Mexico City
from a massive hemorrhage.[10][38] He had been brought there after his doctor had found
him collapsed in his Mexico City home.[10]

Mexican President Felipe Calderón wrote on Twitter, "I am profoundly sorry for the death of
our loved and admired Carlos Fuentes, writer and universal Mexican. Rest in peace."[6]
Nobel laureate Mario Vargas Llosa stated, "with him, we lose a writer whose work and
whose presence left a deep imprint".[6] French President François Hollande called Fuentes
"a great friend of our country" and stated that Fuentes had "defended with ardour a simple
and dignified idea of humanity".[39] Salman Rushdie tweeted "RIP Carlos my friend".[39]

Fuentes received a state funeral on May 16, with his funeral cortege briefly stopping traffic
in Mexico City. The ceremony was held in the Palacio de Bellas Artes and was attended by
President Calderón.[39]

List of works

Novels

La región más transparente (Where the Air Is Clear) (1958) ISBN 978-970-58-0014-6

Las buenas conciencias (The Good Conscience) (1961) ISBN 978-970-710-004-6

Aura (1962) ISBN 978-968-411-181-3

La muerte de Artemio Cruz (The Death of Artemio Cruz) (1962) ISBN 978-0-374-52283-
4

Cambio de piel (A Change of Skin) (1967)

Zona sagrada (Holy Place) (1967)

Cumpleaños (Birthday) (1969)

Terra Nostra (1975)[40]

La cabeza de la hidra (The Hydra Head) (1978)

Una familia lejana (Distant Relations) (1980)

Gringo viejo (The Old Gringo) (1985)

Cristóbal Nonato (Christopher Unborn) (1987)

Ceremonias del alba (1991)

The Campaign (1992)

Diana o la cazadora solitaria (Diana: the Goddess Who Hunts Alone) (1995)

La frontera de cristal (The Crystal Frontier: A Novel of Nine Stories) (1996)

Los años con Laura Díaz (The Years With Laura Diaz) (1999)

Instinto de Inez (Inez) (2001)

La silla del águila (The Eagle's Throne) (2002)


Todas las familias felices (Happy Families) (2006), ISBN 987-04-0557-6

La voluntad y la fortuna (Destiny and Desire) (2008), ISBN 978-1400068807

Adán en Edén (2009)

Vlad (2010)

Federico en su Balcón (2012) (posthumous)

Short stories

Los días enmascarados (1954)

Cantar de ciegos (1964)

Chac Mool y otros cuentos (1973)

Agua quemada (Burnt Water) (1983) ISBN 968-16-1577-8

Constancia and other Stories For Virgins (1990)

Dos educaciones. (1991) ISBN 84-397-1728-8

El naranjo (The Orange Tree) (1994)

Inquieta compañía (2004)

Happy Families (2008)

Las dos Elenas (1964)

El hijo de Andrés Aparicio

Essays

La nueva novela hispanoamericana (1969) ISBN 968-27-0142-2

El mundo de José Luis Cuevas (1969)

Casa con dos puertas (1970)

Tiempo mexicano (1971)

Miguel de Cervantes o la crítica de la lectura (1976)

Myself With Others (1988)

El Espejo Enterrado (The Buried Mirror: Reflections on Spain and the New World) (1992)
ISBN 84-306-0265-8

Geografía de la novela (1993) ISBN 968-16-4044-6


Tres discursos para dos aldeas ISBN 950-557-195-X

Nuevo tiempo mexicano (A New Time for Mexico) (1995) ISBN 968-19-0231-9

Retratos en el tiempo, with Carlos Fuentes Lemus (2000)

Los cinco soles de México: memoria de un milenio (2000) ISBN 84-322-1063-3

En esto creo (2002) ISBN 970-58-0087-1

Contra Bush (2004) ISBN 968-19-1450-3

Los 68 (2005) ISBN 0307274152

Personas (2012) ISBN 0307274152

Theater

Todos los gatos son pardos (1970)

El tuerto es rey (1970).

Los reinos originarios: teatro hispano-mexicano (1971)

Orquídeas a la luz de la luna. Comedia mexicana. (1982)

Ceremonias del alba (1990)

Screenplays

¿No oyes ladrar los perros? (1974)

Pedro Páramo (1967)

Los caifanes (1966)

Un alma pura (1965) (episode from Los bienamados)

Tiempo de morir (1965) (written in collaboration with Gabriel García Márquez)

Las dos Elenas (1964)

El gallo de oro (1964) (written in collaboration with Gabriel García Márquez and Roberto
Gavaldón, from a short story by Juan Rulfo)

Awards and recognition

1967 Biblioteca Breve Award for A Change of Skin[8]

1972 Member of the Colegio Nacional[24]

1972 Mazatlán Literature Prize for Tiempo mexicano (Fuentes refused the award in
protest against the policies of the government of the state of Sinaloa against the student
movement at the State University of Sinaloa)[41]

1976 Xavier Villaurrutia Award for Terra Nostra[23]

1977 Rómulo Gallegos Prize for Terra Nostra[24]

1979 Alfonso Reyes International Prize[24]

1983 Honorary Doctorate granted by Harvard University[42]

1984 Mexican National Prize for Arts and Sciences[43]

1984 Massey Lecture[44]

1987 Miguel de Cervantes Prize[4]

1987 Honorary Doctorate (Doctor of Letters) granted by the University of Cambridge[45]

1989 Istituto Italo-Latino Americano Award for The Old Gringo[8]

1992 National Order of Merit of France[24]

1992 Menéndez Pelayo International Prize[46]

1993 Commander of the Order of Merit of Chile[24]

1993 Honorary Doctorate (Doctor of Letters) granted by Tufts University[47]

1994 Grinzane Cavour Prize[24]

1994 Prince of Asturias Award[24]

1994 UNESCO's Pablo Picasso Medal[24]

1999 Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor[48]

2001 Honorary Member of the Mexican Academy of Language[49]

2004 Prize of the Real Academia Española for En esto creo[50]

2005 Premio Galileo 2000 Prize[51]

2006 Four Freedoms Award for Freedom of Speech and Expression[52]

2006 Huizinga Lecture[53]

2006 American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award [54]

2008 Internacional don Quijote de la Mancha Prize[46]

2009 Great Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic[46]


2011 Prix Formentor[46]

2012 Creation of the Carlos Fuentes International Prize for Literary Creation in the
Spanish Language by the Mexican government.[55]

References

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•. Nick Caistor (May 15, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes obituary" . The Guardian. London.
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€. Anahi Rama; Lizbeth Diaz (May 15, 2012). "Mexican novelist Carlos Fuentes dies at
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•. Reed Johnson; Ken Ellingwood (May 16, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes dies at 83; Mexican
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‚. "Mexican author Carlos Fuentes dead at 83" . BBC News. May 16, 2012. Retrieved
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ƒ. Marcela Valdes (May 16, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes, Mexican novelist, dies at 83" . The
Washington Post. Retrieved May 16, 2012.

„. Howard Fraser; Daniel Altamiranda; Susana Perea-Fox (January 2012). "Carlos


Fuentes" . Critical Survey of Long Fiction. Retrieved May 18, 2012.

…. "Carlos Fuentes" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved


May 23, 2016.

}‡. "Carlos Fuentes, prolific Mexican novelist, essayist, dies at 83; mourned around
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}}. Jonathan Roeder; Randall Woods (May 15, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes, Mexican Author
With Global Fans, Dies At 83" . Bloomberg. Retrieved May 16, 2012.

}~. Maarten van Delden (1993). "Carlos Fuentes: From Identity to Alternativity". Modern
Language Notes. Johns Hopkins University. 108 (2): 331–346. doi:10.2307/2904639 .
JSTOR 2904639 .

}•. "Crossing Borders: The Journey of Carlos Fuentes" .


}€. "Muere Natasha Fuentes Lemus, hija de Carlos Fuentes" . Letralia. September 5,
2012. Retrieved May 16, 2012.

}•. The Latin Master The Guardian 5 May 2001

}‚. "Desconfía Carlos Fuentes de los escritores con éxito garantizado" . El Universal (in
Spanish). November 13, 2007. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

}ƒ. Genevieve Slomski (November 2010). "Where the Air Is Clear" . Masterplots.
Retrieved May 18, 2012.

}„. Husna Haq (May 16, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes: 5 best novels" . The Christian Science
Monitor. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

}…. Seldan Rodman (November 12, 1961). "Revolution Isn't Enough" . The New York
Times. Retrieved May 16, 2012.

~‡. "The Death of Artemio Cruz" . Masterplots. November 2010. Retrieved May 18, 2012.

~}. Genevieve Slomski; Thomas L. Erskine (January 2009). "The Death of Artemio Cruz" .
Magill's Survey of World Literature. Retrieved May 18, 2012.

~~. Carlos Fuentes: Mexican writer and diplomat Encyclopaedia Britannica

~•. "Premio Xavier Villaurrutia" . El poder de la palabra. Archived from the original on
September 11, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2009.

~€. "Fuentes, Carlos" (in Spanish). Colegio Nacional. Archived from the original on
January 7, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

~•. Bernadette Flynn Low (November 2010). "The Old Gringo" . Masterplots. Retrieved
May 18, 2012.

~‚. "Carlos Fuentes: The Mother Jones Interview" .

~ƒ. Raymond L. Williams; The Writings of Carlos Fuentes University of Texas Press 1996,
page 41

~„. Raymond L. Williams; The Writings of Carlos Fuentes University of Texas Press 1996,
page 110

~…. In the Embrace of Spain The New York Times 26 April 1992

•‡. Raymond L. Williams; The Writings of Carlos Fuentes University of Texas Press 1996,
page 152

•}. [1] Alex Clark; "A picture of mural life", The Guardian 12 May 2001

•~. Marjorie Miller (May 17, 2012). "Appreciating Mexican author Carlos Fuentes" . Google
News. Associated Press. Retrieved May 18, 2012.

••. "Mexico mourns death of Carlos Fuentes" . The Telegraph. London. May 15, 2012.
Retrieved May 18, 2012.

•€. "Reaction to death of Mexican author Carlos Fuentes" . CBS News. May 15, 2012.
Retrieved May 18, 2012.

••. Alejandro Escalona (May 16, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes embraced Chicago" . Chicago
Sun-Times. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

•‚. Graham Kates (June 21, 2013). "FBI Foiled and Followed Author" . NYCity News
Service. Retrieved June 22, 2013.

•ƒ. Noam Cohen (May 15, 2012). "The Day Carlos Fuentes Took to Twitter" . The New
York Times. Retrieved May 16, 2012.

•„. "Muere el escritor Carlos Fuentes" . El Universal. May 15, 2012. Retrieved May 15,
2012.

•…. Gaby Wood (May 17, 2012). "Presidents and Nobel winners honour Mexican writer
Carlos Fuentes" . The Telegraph. London. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

€‡. Miles, Valerie (2014). A Thousand Forests in One Acorn . Rochester: Open Letter.
pp. 87–96 . ISBN 978-1-934824917.

€}. El premio en la página del Carnaval de Mazatlán

€~. "Harvard Honorary Degrees" .

ۥ. Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes. "Premio Nacional de Ciencias y Artes"
(PDF). Secretaría de Educación Pública. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 22,
2011. Retrieved December 1, 2009.

€€. Carlos Fuentes (November 7, 1984). "The 1984 CBC Massey Lectures, "Latin America:
At War With The Past" " . Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

ۥ. "Cambridge Honorary Degrees" . Archived from the original on February 1, 2013.

€‚. "Muere Carlos Fuentes" . lne.es. Reuters. May 15, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

€ƒ. "Commencement Speakers: Office of the Trustees" .

€„. "Personas Galardonadas y Discursos Pronunciados" . Senado de la Republica de


Mexico. May 17, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

€…. "Miembros de la Academia Mexicana de la Lengua" (in Spanish). Academia Mexicana


de la Lengua. Archived from the original on January 9, 2010. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
•‡. Real Academia Española (2004). "Premio Real Academia Española de creación literaria
2004" . Archived from the original on September 30, 2010. Retrieved August 23,
2010.

•}. "Dan a Carlos Fuentes premio Galileo 2000" . El Siglo=. June 20, 2005. Retrieved
May 17, 2012.

•~. "Laureates Since 1982" . The Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Award. 2012.
Retrieved May 16, 2012.

••. "Huizinga-lezing archief" (in Dutch). Leiden University. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

•€. "Carlos Fuentes Biography and Interview" . www.achievement.org. American


Academy of Achievement.

••. "Conaculta anuncia el Premio Internacional Carlos Fuentes a la Creación Literaria en el


Idioma Español" (in Spanish). July 3, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2012.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carlos Fuentes.

Wikiquote has quotations related to: Carlos Fuentes

Appearances on C-SPAN

Carlos Fuentes on Charlie Rose

Carlos Fuentes on IMDb

Works by or about Carlos Fuentes in libraries (WorldCat catalog)

"Carlos Fuentes, The Art of Fiction No. 68" . The Paris Review (Interview) (82).
Interviewed by Alfred Mac Adam, Charles E. Ruas. Winter 1981.

"The Buried Mirror" . Bookworm (Interview). Interviewed by Michael Silverblatt. KCRW.


June 1992.

"The Orange Tree" . Bookworm (Interview). Interviewed by Michael Silverblatt. KCRW.


June 1994.

"The Years with Laura Díaz" . Bookworm (Interview). Interviewed by Michael Silverblatt.
KCRW. April 2001.

"The Eagle's Throne" . Bookworm (Interview). Interviewed by Michael Silverblatt. KCRW.


August 2006.

"Destiny and Desire, Part I" . Bookworm (Interview). Interviewed by Michael Silverblatt.
KCRW. March 2011.

"Destiny and Desire, Part II" . Bookworm (Interview). Interviewed by Michael Silverblatt.
KCRW. March 2011.

Carlos Fuentes recorded at the Library of Congress for the Hispanic Divisionʼs audio
literary archive on June 6, 1974

On the death of Carlos Fuentes. KQED's Forum. May 17, 2012

Awards

Preceded by Belisario Domínguez Medal of


Succeeded by
José Angel Conchello Honor
Leopoldo Zea Aguilar
Dávila 1999

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