Haramaya University

Haramaya Institute of Technology

Electrical and Computer Engineering Department

Title: Automatic Dusk to Dawn Light Control System

Student Name
1. Mesfin Dichen
2. Abel Kumelachew
3. Abenezer Teshome

March 23, 2017

Harare, Ethiopia
 ABSTRACT

This project deals with the automatic dusk to dawn (i.e. evening or at darkness time ON and morning or brightness
time OFF) hence saving of heavy Electrical energy can be achieved with this approach. Light control system as per–
unit electricity cost is very high these days, as well the load is increasing almost doubling every year; it is advisable
to judiciously use the electricity economically. Places like colleges, housing complexes, highways, industries and
parks spread across project large area where more light is required during night. This system provides a solution for
these places, as dusk to dawn system the lights will be automatically on at dusk and switch off at dawn. Thus, saving
energy and money also human intervention is also eliminated. This project provides the best solution for electrical
power wastage. Also the manual operation of lighting system is completely eliminated. In our project we are using
LDR, which varies according to the amount of light falling on its surface; this gives an indication for us whether it is
a day/night time. This project can be configured by using transistors and IC 555.Here; we implement this project by
using IC 555. The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse generation, and
oscillator applications. By using this project as the basic principle we can design centralized intelligent system for
the perfect usage for any place.
Table of content page no

1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1

1.1. Statement of problem…………………….……………………………………………………………………………1

1.2. Objective of research…………………………………………………………………………………………………….1

1.2.1 General objective………………………………………………………………………………………………………..1

1.2.2. Specific objective………………………………………………………………………………………….…………….1

1.3. Purpose of research…………………………………………………………………………………………….………...2

1.4. Significance of research……………………………………………………………………………..........2

2. Literature review………………………………………….……………………………………………………..3

3. Methodology……………………………………………….…………………………………………………..…5

4. Block diagram…………………………………………………………….……………………………….………5

5. List of component………………….………………………………………….………………….…………….5

6. Work plan……………………………………………………………………………………………………………8

7. Parts of list and cost…………………………………………….……………………………………………..9

8. Reference……………………………………………………………………………………………………………10
 1 INTRODUCTION
Automatic dusk to dawn lighting system provides a safe night time environment.
Due to the increase of environmental concerns, lighting control systems will play an important role in
the reduction of energy consumption of the lighting without impeding comfort goals. Lighting is often
the largest electrical load in offices, but the cost of lighting energy consumption is low when compared
to the personnel costs. Providing automatic lighting is one of the most important and expensive
responsibilities of a city. Lighting can account for 10-38% of the total energy bill in typical cities
worldwide. Automatic lighting is a particularly critical concern for public authorities in developing
countries because of its strategic importance for economic and social stability. Inefficient lighting
wastes significant financial resources each year, and poor lighting creates unsafe conditions. Energy
efficient technologies and design can reduce automatic lighting costs dramatically (often by 25-60%).
The main consideration in the present field technologies are Automation, Power consumption and cost
effectiveness. Automation is intended to reduce man power with the help of intelligent systems. Power
saving is the main consideration forever as the sources of the power are getting diminished due to
various reasons. The main aim of this project is Automatic power saving system with LDR this is to
save the power. We want to save power automatically instead of doing manual so it’s easy to cost
effectiveness.
1.1. Statement of problem
In addition to automatic lighting, we need to save or conserve energy because most of the energy
sources we depend on, like coal and natural gas can’t be replaced. Once we use them up they’re gone
forever as they are not renewable. Saving power is very important, instead of using the power in
undesired and not needy times, it should be switched off. In this project, we are avoiding the problem
by having an automatic system which turns “ON” and “OFF” the lights at given time or when the
ambient light falls below a specific intensity.
1.2 objective of project
1.2.1 General objective
The main objective of the project is Automatic power saving system with LDR; this is to save the
power.
1.2.2 Specific objective
The specific objective of the automatic dusk to dawn lighting system is to switch ON automatically
the lights at evening and switch OFF at morning by sensing the intensity of the sun’s light. No manual
operation for switching ON and OFF of lightening system, when there is need of light; it detects itself
weather there is need for light or not. When darkness rises to a certain value then automatically the light is
switched ON the sensitiveness of the light dependent resistor can also be adjusted.
1.3 Main purpose of research
Remote on/off, Dimming and on-site Status Check.
System Fault Detection/Alarm.
 Anti-theft Detection/Alarm.
 24-hours online Monitoring.
 Reduce energy use by up to 40%.
 Reduce maintenance by up to 50%.
1.4Significance of research

By using this Automatic dusk to dawn light controlling, we can reduce energy consumption
because the manually operated lights are not switched off properly even the sunlight comes and also
not switched on earlier before sunset.
 LDRs are sensitive, inexpensive and readily available devices.
 LDRs have good power and voltage handling capabilities, similar to those of a
conventional resistor.
 LDRs are small enough to fit into virtually any electronic device and used all around the
world as a basis component in many electrical systems and hence handy.
Area of Applications
o It can be used in any other electronic devices that are dependent on sunlight.
o We can use outside of house, corridors or industry area, which helps to save power.
o It can be used as a street light.
o Airports, water saving application
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
Automatic dusk to dawn light control project had been widely employed by the other giant
company such as Kyocera, Q-Cells, Sanyo, etc. As we can see now, the payment charge for
electricity had been raised rapidly because the increasing demands. Many researchers have tried to
find the solution; one of the alternative solutions is using automatic dusk to dawn light control
system to reduce the power wastage. But the following individuals are tried to solve such kind of
problems by their approaches. Hengyu Wu, MinliTang propose about the core technology of the
automatic light control system is an AT89S52 single-chip microcomputer. It integrates a power
circuit, a fault detect circuit, a photosensitive detection circuit, an infrared detect circuit, an LCD
display circuit, a street light control circuit, an a1ann circuit, a pressed key control circuit and so
on. This system cans automatically turn on or off the lights and controls the switches according to
traffic flow. It expands the fault detect circuit and the corresponding a1ann circuit. It also has a
convenient and flexible button control circuit to switch on and off fictions mentioned above. Main
weakness is that they didn’t say about the working principle behind the system. It also said to use
fault detection circuit which when it is damaged, the voltage is zero, so it will create a problem.
This paper is and theoretic proof and shows only simulation result but not as a real time set up
experiments. The focus of this paper to build a way for the framework which may leads to many
follow up research activities in the Low-rate and also plan to investigate the applicability of this
proposal to detect performance as well a remote light monitoring system based on wireless sensor
network. The system can be set to run in automatic mode, which control light according to Sunrise
and Sunset Algorithm and light intensity.. In near future, location aware routing algorithms will
developed that will Gustavo W. Denardin deals about a control network for a LED street lighting
system. The use of LEDs is being considered promising solution to modern street lighting systems,
due to their longer lifetime, higher luminous efficiency and higher intensity. The proposed control
network enables disconnection of the street lighting system from the mains during peak load
time, reducing its impact in the distributed power system automatically consumption, decrease
the management cost and monitor the status information of each street lighting unit.. The obtained
experimental results show that the proposed control network is able to meet the requirements of a
LED street lighting system. It mainly deals about safer roadways with intelligent light system to
reduce power consumption.
This system has automatic street light intensity control based on the vehicular movement and
switching ON and OFF of street lights depending on the light ambiance. This will help in reducing
the power consumption during hours of meager road usage. The street light module is installed
consequently for every certain distance. This paper also aims at reducing road accidents by
detecting consumption of alcohol by the driver. This can be implemented using alcohol sensor
module which contains skin sensor, breath alcohol sensor and proximity sensor. The skin sensor
and breadth alcohol sensor detects the presence of alcohol content and theproximity sensor helps
in detecting any kind of malpractice. The novelty of this paper is to effectively reduce the
energy consumption of the street lights by controlling the street light’s intensity, sensing both
human as well as vehicular movement and injury and death caused by drunken driving can be
prevented by prior sensing of the alcohol content in drivers by a simple electronics.
A.C.Kalaiarasan deal about solar energy based street light with auto-tracking system for
maximizing power output from a solar system is desirable to increase the efficiency. In order to
maximize the power output from the solar panels, one needs to keep panels aligned with the sun.
As such a means of tracking the sun is required. This is a far most cost effective solution than
purchasing additional solar panels. It has been estimated that the yield from solar panels can be
increased by 30 to 60 percent by utilizing a tracking system instead of a stationary array. This
paper describes an automatic tracking system which will keep the solar panels aligned with the sun
in order to maximize efficiency. The sun tracking sensor is the sensing device, which sense
the position of the sun at the time to time continuously and it gives the sensing output to the
amplifier based on light density of the sun. Here the sun tracking sensor is LDR (light dependent
resistor). The amplifier unit is used to amplify the LDR signals, which makes the low level signal
in to high level signals and this output is given to the comparator. The LM324 IC is used as an
amplifier. Comparator compares the signals and gives the command to the AT89C51
microcontroller. The system presented in this paper will be an efficient method to use the solar
energy in remote areas. This system consumes very low power and high efficient lightning. We
employ the auto sun tracking system; this can improve the energy stored in battery. This system
does not affect the environment because it is pollution free. Our system also consisting of
automatic ON, OFF control of the LED lamp, so there is no manual operation and it is not required
operators.
3. Methodology
The methodology we use in the conducting of our project is that:-
1. by reviewing developed model.
2. By collecting different data like automatic lighting control.
3. By reading and critically reviewing a number of books
4. By asking our senior graduated and different engineer.
5. By Search of intellectual literature which is done in different countries.
4. Block diagram

5. The lists of components used are given below:

 LDR (Light dependent resistor)

 Bridge rectifier
 Step down transformer
 Transistor
 Capacitor
 Potentiometer
 LEDs
 IC 555 timer
Relay
 1 Light Dependent Resistor
LDRs or Light dependent resistors are very useful especially in light/dark sensor circuits.
Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as 1000000 ohms,
but when they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically.
2 Power Supply:
The input to the circuit is applied from the regulated power supply. The A.C input i.e.,
230V from the main supply is step down by the transformer to 12V and is fed to a rectifier.
The output obtained from the rectifier is a pulsating D.C voltage. So in order to get a pure
D.C voltage, the output voltage from the rectifier is fed to a filter to remove any A.C components
present even after rectification.
3 Diode Bridge (bridge rectifier)
When used in its most common application, for conversion of an alternating current (AC) input
Into a direct current (DC) output, it is known as a bridge rectifier.
5 Transistors
Solid state switches are one of the main applications for the use of transistors, and
transistors witches can be used for controlling high power devices such as motors,
solenoids or lamps, but they can also use in digital electronics and logic gate circuits

6 Capacitor
A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical
component u1 Light Dependent Resistor
LDRs or Light dependent resistors are very useful especially in light/dark sensor circuits.
Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as 1000000 ohms,
but when they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically.
2 Power Supply:
The input to the circuit is applied from the regulated power supply. The A.C input i.e.,
230V from the main supply is step down by the transformer to 12V and is fed to a rectifier.
The output obtained from the rectifier is a pulsating D.C voltage. So in order to get a pure
D.C voltage, the output voltage from the rectifier is fed to a filter to remove any A.C components
present even after rectification.
3 Diode Bridge (bridge rectifier)
When used in its most common application, for conversion of an alternating current (AC) input
 Into a direct current (DC) output, it is known as a bridge rectifier.
5 Transistors
Solid state switches are one of the main applications for the use of transistors, and
transistors witches can be used for controlling high power devices such as motors,
solenoids or lamps, but they can also use in digital electronics and logic gate circuits

6 Capacitor
A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical
component used to store energy electrically in an electric field.
7 Light Emitting Diode (LED)
In LED electrical energy is converter in to optical energy. These are example of
electro-luminescence, the process in which emission of photos takes place by the
recombination of excess electrons and holes in a direct band gap semiconductor.
8 555 Timer IC
The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse generation, and
oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide time delays, as an oscillator, and
as a flip-flop element
9 Relay
A relay is usually an electromechanical device that is actuated by an electrical current. The
current flowing in one circuit causes the opening or closing of another circuit. Relays
are like remote control switches and are used in many applications because of their
relative simplicity, long life, and proven high reliability
sed to store energy electrically in an electric field.
7 Light Emitting Diode (LED)
In LED electrical energy is converter in to optical energy. These are example of
electro-luminescence, the process in which emission of photos takes place by the
recombination of excess electrons and holes in a direct band gap semiconductor.
8 555 Timer IC
The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse generation, and
oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide time delays, as an oscillator, and
as a flip-flop element
9 Relay
 A relay is usually an electromechanical device that is actuated by an electrical current. The
current flowing in one circuit causes the opening or closing of another circuit. Relays
are like remote control switches and are used in many applications because of their
relative simplicity, long life, and proven high reliability
6. Work plan schedule

N
O Project activity Period/duration in months of 2017

April May June

1 Literature review

2 Selection of material

3 Study of 555 timer

4 Implementation
 7. Part list and cost
The names of parts used in this project are given below

Name of part lists Identification Quality Cost

Light dependent LDR1 TORCH-LDR $0.95

resistor
Bridge rectifier 1N4007 D1-D4 $0.65

Transformer TRAN 2P2S $2.05

Capacitor C1 100uF $0.25

C2 0.1uF $0.25

Resistor R1 2.2kilo ohm $0.1

R2 100kilo ohm $0.15
R3 1kilo ohm $0.15
Rv1 1kilo ohm $0.15

Diode 1N4007 D5 $0.15

LED BIRRY Orange $0.5

LED

Connector TBOCK-13 J1 $0.2

Timer 555 IC55 TIMER $5

Circuit board PCB 03A004 $1

Transistor BC547 PNP $0.2

 Relay RL1 5V $1.25

Switch SW1 SPST $0.1

8. REFERENCES

[1]http://homemadecircuitsandschematics.blogspot.com/2012/01/how-to-make-light-
activated-
Day-night.html
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/555_timer_IC
[3] http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_6/chpt_8/1.html
[4] http://www.scribd.com/doc/115004345/Qa-00177-Automatic-Street-Light-Control
[5] http://www.reuk.co.uk/Light-Dependent-Resistor.html
[6] http://www.tianbo-relay.com/relaysInfo.asp
[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relay
[8] http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/io/io_5.html
[9] http://www.circuitstoday.com/category/voltage-regulators