IA1.

Summary

The efficiency of the motor is ratio of mechanical power output to electrical power input. The

general expression utilized for energy efficiency is percentage. The performance of the electrical

motor by considering the energy efficiency can be compared with standard values provided by

National Electrical Manufacturers Association or shortly NEMA. In order to get consistent

efficiency results, nominated efficiency which is obtained via average standardized testing of

many types of motors is one of the best ways. To illustrate, electric motors which operates more

than 4000 hr/year results in saving of monetary budget annually. Based on the 0.04 USD/kwh

and 8000 hours of operating time results in 537 USD of savings annually in case of 200 hp

motors.

IA2. Paraphrase

Electric cars are not only easier and cheaper in terms of maintenance. Also, their efficiency is

higher compared to gasoline engines, thus operational cost is lower. By taking into consideration

electric car efficiency as 3 miles/kwhr and cost of electrical power 7 inch/kwhr, the electric car

will travel approximately 43 miles with 1 USD. The cars with gasoline-powered motor will

travel approximately 18 miles by considering average gasoline consumption of 22 mpg and unit

cost of gasoline is 1.25 USD/gallons. So, distance which can be traveled with electrical cars with

only 1 USD of fuel cost is higher than twice of gasoline vehicles.

IB1. Summary

The Battery Electric Vehicles or shortly BEVs are providing many advantages like simple

construction and operation. Moreover, greenhouse gases are not produced in electric cars and

instantaneous and high torque values with electric propulsions can be achieved even in case of
minimal speeds in the roads. The general torque range is wide and most of the drivers travel

between 2200 to 4800 revolution per minute (rpm). However, in case of urban cities where

traffic jam is one of the main challenges which results in lower speeds and start-stop cycles

frequently during driving eventually causes high torque values like 125 Nm. The advantage of

electric motors is provision of instant and high torques for all speeds starting from minimum to

maximum.

IB2. Summary

The industry has developed a hybrid motors which are commercially available in all around the

world. The hybrid systems has both internal combustion engine (ICE) and electrical power train.

The hybrid cars use electric propulsion systems at lower speeds like traffic jams. Thus, both oil

consumption is decreased and eventually greenhouse gas emission is eliminated. Whenever the

high speed is required, the system switches to ICE. There are various forms of hybrid systems

and these systems are widely adopted by manufacturers recently. The high torques at low speeds

are required where electrical power system will be utilized in hybrid motors.