Past Particple & Past Gerund

Cheatsheet
Author: Gopi Sudarson
Created On: 13th April 2020
Updated On: 13th April 2020
Important Note
• In the next slides you will come across two terms called “Past
Participle” and “Past Gerund”
• I have a separate tutorial for this on 15th April 2020
• This document is a quick intro and cheatsheet to complete your
homework
• Cheatsheets are slides 9 to 11
• Slides 1 to 8 are introduction & instructions
Introduction & Instructions
• Our first homework is to add ಇಲ್ಲ to verbs and make negation
sentences
• We cannot add ಇಲ್ಲ directly to verb roots
• To add ಇಲ್ಲ to verbs, we must first get the “Past Gerund” of the Verb
• Past Gerund is nothing but adding specific suffix to the verb root to
get a past tense effect(done, seen,eaten,gone etc.)
• Adding Suffix for getting past gerund has similar rules like simple past
tense. Similar but not same.
• To get Past Gerund, you must first get Past Participle
• Verb Root → Past Participle → Past Gerund
Rules to form Past Participle
Verb & Tense Rule Example
Information
ಉ-ending Past Change ಉ→ಇದ ಕ ೇಳು→ಕ ೇಳಿದ
Regular
Non ಉ-ending Just add –ದ ಬರ →ಬರ ದ
Past Regular
For Past Irregular Separate Table given
in next slide
Past Participle – Irregular verbs
Verb Root Past Participle
ಇರು ಇದದ
ಬರು/ತರು ಬಂದ
ತಿನ್ುು ತಿಂದ
ಕ ೊಡು/ಇಡು ಕ ೊಟ್ಟ/ಇಟ್ಟ Irregular
ಹ ೊೇಗು/ಆಗು ಹ ೊದ/ಆದ(Past Gerund will be Participle
and
irregular…Take Note) Gerund
ಕ ೊಳುು ಕ ೊಂಡ
ಮರ ಮರ ತ
ಕದಿ ಕದದ
ಕಾ ಕಾದ
ಸಾ ಸತತ
ನ್ಗು ನ್ಕಕ
ಕಲಿ ಕಲಿತ
Rules to form Past Gerund
Verb Information Rule
ಉ-ending verb Past Take Past Participle and
remove ದ
ಮಾಡದ →ಮಾಡ
Non-ಉ-ending verb Take Past Participle and add ಉ
ಕರ ದ → ಕರ ದು
Irregular Verbs Take Past Participle and add ಉ
ಮರ ತ → ಕರ ತು
ಕ ೊಟ್ಟ→ ಕ ೊಟ್ುಟ Irregular
Irregular Exceptions ಆಗು→ಆಗಿ→ಆದ Participle
and
ಹ ೊೇಗು→ಹ ೊೇಗಿ→ಹ ೊೇದ Gerund
Introduction & Instructions - Continued
• I have a separate tutorial for this on Wednesday(15th April 2020)
• Past Gerund is also used to get all the “Perfect tenses” like Present
Perfect, Past Perfect and Future Perfect
• Present Perfect : I have done
• Past Perfect: I had done
• Future Perfect: I will have done
• What the “Past Gerund” suffix does to the verb is to give the “done”
effect
Introduction & Instructions - Continued
• To the Past Gerund, we can just add ಇಲ್ಲ after satisfying Sandhi rules
• When ಇಲ್ಲ is added to the past gerund, you get “have not” meaning like
have not done, have not gone, have not eaten etc…
• In the next three slides, I have given three tables.
• The three tables cover Madhuri’s verblist and our Tense Drill Verblist
• You need to make 10 sentences using these tables
• I have clubbed all Regular ಉ-ending verbs into one row, since the rule is
the same
• Similarly, all verbs which have the same rule will be in one row
• Cheatsheet starts from next slide ☺
Verb Root Past Gerund Negation
ಕ ೇಳು ಕ ೇಳಿ ಕ ೇಳಿಲ್ಲ have not
asked Irregular
ಆಗು/ಹ ೊೇಗು ಆಗಿ/ಹ ೊೇಗಿ ಆಗಿಲ್ಲ have not Participle
and
become Gerund
ಬರು/ತರು ಬಂದು ಬಂದಿಲ್ಲ have not
come
ಮಾಡು/ಹಾಕು/ಓದು/ ಮಾಡ ಮಾಡಲ್ಲ have not
ಓಡು/ಹ ೇಳು/ತ ೊೇರಿಸು done
/ಕಳಿಸು/ತ ೊಗ ೊಳುು/
ಮಾತಾಡು/ಕಲಿಸು/
ನ ೊೇಡು/ಆಡು/ಮಲ್ಗು
ಇಳಿ/ಕುಡ/ಜಿಗಿ ಇಳಿದು ಇಳಿದಿಲ್ಲ have not got
down
Verb Root Past Gerund Negation
ಕ ೊಡು/ಇಡು ಕ ೊಟ್ುಟ /ಇಟ್ುಟ ಕ ೊಟ್ಟಟಲ್ಲ
ಕಲಿ ಕಲಿತು ಕಲಿತಿಲ್ಲ
ಸಿಗು ಸಿಕುಕ ಸಿಕ್ಕಕಲ್ಲ have not got
ಕೊತ ೊಕಳುು ಕೊತ ೊಕಂಡು ಕೊತ ೊಕಂಡಲ್ಲ have
/ನಂತ ೊಕಳುು not sat
ಇರು ಇದುದ ಇದಿದಲ್ಲ have not been
ನ್ಡ ನ್ಡ ದು ನ್ಡ ದಿಲ್ಲ have not
walked
ಅಳು ಅತುತ ಅತಿತಲ್ಲ have not cried
ನ್ಗು ನ್ಕುಕ
ಬರ ಬರ ದು ಬರ ದಿಲ್ಲ
ತಿನ್ುು ತಿಂದು ತಿಂದಿಲ್ಲ
Verb Root Past Gerund Negation
ಕ ೊಳುು to buy ಕ ೊಂಡು ಕ ೊಂಡಲ್ಲ have not
bought
ಮರ ಮರ ತು ಮರ ತಿಲ್ಲ have not
forgotten
ಕದಿ ಕದುದ ಕದಿದಲ್ಲ have not
stolen
ಕಾ ಕಾದು ಕಾದಿಲ್ಲ have not
waited
ಸಾ ಸತುತ ಸತಿತಲ್ಲ have not died