This document provides a tutorial on simple past tense in Kannada. It begins with an introduction and expectation setting. It then outlines the rules for regular past tense verbs, noting that 90% of verbs follow the rule of changing final "u" to "i" and adding suffixes. A few verbs are irregular only in past tense. Examples of regular verbs ending in "u" and not ending in "u" are provided. The most common irregular verbs like "be", "go", "give", "come", "eat" are presented in tables. Finally, the concept of past participle is introduced to explain how it converts verbs to adjectives, allowing the formation of past tense. Irregular verbs are classified according to
This document provides a tutorial on simple past tense in Kannada. It begins with an introduction and expectation setting. It then outlines the rules for regular past tense verbs, noting that 90% of verbs follow the rule of changing final "u" to "i" and adding suffixes. A few verbs are irregular only in past tense. Examples of regular verbs ending in "u" and not ending in "u" are provided. The most common irregular verbs like "be", "go", "give", "come", "eat" are presented in tables. Finally, the concept of past participle is introduced to explain how it converts verbs to adjectives, allowing the formation of past tense. Irregular verbs are classified according to
This document provides a tutorial on simple past tense in Kannada. It begins with an introduction and expectation setting. It then outlines the rules for regular past tense verbs, noting that 90% of verbs follow the rule of changing final "u" to "i" and adding suffixes. A few verbs are irregular only in past tense. Examples of regular verbs ending in "u" and not ending in "u" are provided. The most common irregular verbs like "be", "go", "give", "come", "eat" are presented in tables. Finally, the concept of past participle is introduced to explain how it converts verbs to adjectives, allowing the formation of past tense. Irregular verbs are classified according to
Created On: 27th March 2020 Updated On:5th April 2020 Introduction & Setting Expectation • Past tense is going to be a rough ride. So hold on and it will come together nicely Past Tense Regular Verbs Rule • Generic Rule: If verb ends with ಉ change it to ಇ and then add past tense suffix for the given PNG(person, number and gender). If the verb ends with non-ಉ then just add past tense suffix for the given PNG • 90% of verbs fall under the above rule • A small number fall into the “irregular verbs” category only for Past Tense. We will see them in detail in later slides • It is to be noted that Present Tense and Future Tense are completely regular. One rule for all verb conjugations ಉ Ending Regular Verbs ಮಾಡು to do English Translation ನಾನು ಮಾಡಿದೆನು/ಮಾಡಿದೆ I did ನಾವು ಮಾಡಿದೆವು We did ನೀನು ಮಾಡಿದಿ/ಮಾಡಿದೆ You did ನೀವು ಮಾಡಿದಿರಿ You(plu) did ಅವನು ಮಾಡಿದನು/ಮಾಡಿದ He did ಅವಳು ಮಾಡಿದಳು She did ಅವರು ಮಾಡಿದರು They did ಅದು ಮಾಡಿತು It did ಅವು ಮಾಡಿದವು Those did Non-ಉ Ending Regular Verbs ಬರೆ to write English Translation ನಾನು ಬರೆದೆನು/ಬರೆದೆ I wrote ನಾವು ಬರೆದೆವು We wrote ನೀನು ಬರೆದಿ/ಬರೆದೆ You wrote ನೀವು ಬರೆದಿರಿ You(plu) wrote ಅವನು ಬರೆದನು/ಬರೆದ He wrote ಅವಳು ಬರೆದಳು She wrote ಅವರು ಬರೆದರು They wrote ಅದು ಬರೆಯಿತು It wrote ಅವು ಬರೆದವು Those wrote Regular ಉ Ending Examples Drill Verb List • Do ಮಾಡು →ಮಾಡಿದೆನು • Speak ಮಾತನಾಡು → ಮಾತನಾಡಿದೆನು • Read ಓದು→ಓದಿದೆನು • Ask/hear ಕೆೀಳು → ಕೆೀಳಿದೆನು • Tell ಹೆೀಳು → ಹೆೀಳಿದೆನು • Believe ನಂಬು → ನಂಬಿದೆನು • Sing ಹಾಡು → ಹಾಡಿದೆನು • To think ಯೀಚಿಸು → ಯೀಚಿಸಿದೆನು • To sell ಮಾರು → ಮಾರಿದೆನು • See ನೆ ೀಡು → ನೆ ೀಡಿದೆನು • Play ಆಡು → ಆಡಿದೆನು Regular ಉ Ending Examples Drill Verb List • Run ಓಡು → ಓಡಿದೆನು Regular Non ಉ ending – Drill Verb List • Write ಬರೆ → ಬರೆದೆನು • Call ಕರೆ → ಕರೆದೆನು • Drink ಕುಡಿ → ಕುಡಿದೆನು • Walk ನಡೆ – ನಡೆದೆನು • Throw ಎಸೆದೆನು • Get down ಇಳಿದೆನು Most Common Irregular Verbs • In the next few slides, you will see the tables for the most common irregular verbs. Most other irregular verbs will invariably fall into one of these table types. • After these tables, you will see how irregular verbs are classified using “Past Participle” • You have two options. • Option #1: You simply get familiar with the tables. As an when you get introduced to a new irregular verbs, find out which table it fits to and proceed • Option #2: Learn the concept of Past Participle Irregular Verb ಇರು ಇರು to be English Translation ನಾನು ಇದೆೆನು /ಇದೆೆ I was ನಾವು ಇದೆೆವು We were ನೀನು ಇದಿೆ /ಇದೆೆ You were ನೀವು ಇದಿೆರಿ You(plu) were ಅವನು ಇದೆನು /ಇದೆ He was ಅವಳು ಇದೆಳು She was ಅವರು ಇದೆರು They were ಅದು ಇತುು It was ಅವು ಇದೆವು Those were Irregular Verb ಹೆ ೀಗು /ಆಗು to become ಹೆ ೋಗು to go English Translation ನಾನು ಹೆ ೀದೆನು/ಹೆ ೀದೆ I went ನಾವು ಹೆ ೀದೆವು We went ನೀನು ಹೆ ೀದೆ You went ನೀವು ಹೆ ೀದಿರಿ You(plu) went ಅವನು ಹೆ ೀದನು He went ಅವಳು ಹೆ ೀದಳು She went ಅವರು ಹೆ ೀದರು They went ಅದು ಹೆ ೀಯಿತು It went ಅವು ಹೆ ೀದವು Those went Irregular Verb ಕೆ ಡು to give ಕೆ ಡು to give English Translation ನಾನು ಕೆ ಟ್ೆೆನು/ಕೆ ಟ್ೆೆ I gave ನಾವು ಕೆ ಟ್ೆೆವು We gave ನೀನು ಕೆ ಟ್ೆೆ You gave ನೀವು ಕೆ ಟ್ಟೆರಿ You(plu) gave ಅವನು ಕೆ ಟ್ೆನು He gave ಅವಳು ಕೆ ಟ್ೆಳು She gave ಅವರು ಕೆ ಟ್ೆರು They gave ಅದು ಕೆ ಟ್ಟೆತು It gave ಅವು ಕೆ ಟ್ೆವು Those gave Irregular Verb ಬರು to come /ತರು to bring ಬರು to come English Translation ನಾನು ಬಂದೆನು/ಬಂದೆ I came ನಾವು ಬಂದೆವು We came ನೀನು ಬಂದೆ You came ನೀವು ಬಂದಿರಿ You(plu) came ಅವನು ಬಂದನು He came ಅವಳು ಬಂದಳು She came ಅವರು ಬಂದರು They came ಅದು ಬಂದಿತು It came ಅವು ಬಂದವು Those came Irregular Verb ತಿನುು to eat ತಿನ್ುು to eat English Translation ನಾನು ತಿಂದೆನು/ತಿಂದೆ I ate ನಾವು ತಿಂದೆವು We ate ನೀನು ತಿಂದೆ/ತಿಂದಿ You ate ನೀವು ತಿಂದಿರಿ You(plu) ate ಅವನು ತಿಂದನು He ate ಅವಳು ತಿಂದಳು She ate ಅವರು ತಿಂದರು They ate ಅದು ತಿಂದಿತು It ate ಅವು ತಿಂದವು Those ate Regular and Irregular Verbs • For a given tense, if all verbs follow a single rule for conjugation, then we say that the verbs are “regular” in that given tense. If some verbs, do not follow this rule for conjugation, then we say that the these small number of verbs are “irregular” in that given tense. • In past tense, certain verbs do not conjugate with a generic rule. You need to apply a different rule to conjugate them. Such verbs are called Irregular verbs • These verbs are irregular only in Past Tense form. • All verbs are regular in present tense form and Future tense form Regular Past Tense Verbs Conjugation Process • ಮಾಡು →Past Participle ಮಾಡಿದ→add PNG suffix “ಎನು” for First person singular →ಮಾಡಿದೆನು • ಬರೆ → Past Participle ಬರೆದ →add PNG suffix “ಎನು” for First person singular →ಬರೆದೆನು • For Both Regular and Irregular verbs, the PNG suffix will not differ. • What differs is how the “Past Participle” is generated from the root • A past participle is an operation that converts a verb into an adjective • An adjective gives the quality of a noun. Similarly, the past participle gives the quality of the noun. This quality is an action Past Participle – Adjecti-fying a verb • He did work → The work that was done by him • In Kannada(and all Indian languagues)the above sentences are written as follows: • ಅವನು ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡಿದನು→ಅವನು ಮಾಡಿದ ಕೆಲಸ • Now you will notice the “adjective-ness” of the above sentence • ಮಾಡಿದ gives the quality/nature to the noun ಕೆಲಸ • That is exactly the job of an adjective. To indicate quality of the noun • Blue car, tall building, green forest are examples of pure adjectives More Past Participle Examples • Eaten Fruit ತಿಂದ ಹಣ್ುು. The past participle is also used to get past tense. ತಿಂದ + ಎನು = ತಿಂದೆನು • Spoken word ಮಾತನಾಡಿದ ಶಬಧ. The past participle is also used to get past tense. ಮಾತನಾಡಿದ + ಎನು = ಮಾತನಾಡಿದೆನು • Stolen book ಕದೆ ಪುಸುಕ. The past participle is also used to get past tense ಕದೆ + ಎನು = ಕದೆೆನು Past Participle • It is now very clear that for performing Past Tense conjugation, we need to first find the past Participle. Then apply PNG suffix to it • By classifying the changes occurring in generating past participle, we can classify the Irregular verbs Regular Verbs Rule Past Participle ಉ ending ಉ →ಇ. Then add ದ Non-ಉ ending Just Add ದ Irregual Verbs Types Irregular Verb Types Past Participle First Person Singular (ಎನ್ು) Type 1 ಉ →ದೆ ಇದೆ /ಎದೆ ಇದೆೆನು /ಎದೆೆನು ಇರು/ಏಳು Type 2 ಗು →ದ ಹೆ ೀದ/ಆದ ಹೆ ೀದೆನು/ಆದೆನು ಹೆ ೀಗು/ಆಗು Type 3 ಡು→ಟ್ೆ ಕೆ ಟ್ೆ/ಇಟ್ೆ ಕೆ ಟ್ೆೆನು/ಇಟ್ೆೆನು ಕೆ ಡು/ಇಡು Type 4 Add ತ ಮರೆತ/ಅಲೆತ ಮರೆತೆನು/ಅಲೆತೆನು ಮರೆ/ಅಲೆ Type 5 ಳು→ತು ಅತು ಅತೆುನು ಅಳು Type 6 ಗು→ಕಕ ಉಕಕ ಉಕೆಕನು ಉಗು Type 1 More Examples(ಉ →ದೆ ) • ಬಿೀಳು →ಬಿದೆೆ • ಗೆಲು →ಗೆದೆೆ Type 2 More Examples(ಗು vanishes) • Example • ಆಗು → ಆದೆ • ಹೆ ೀಗು →ಹೆ ೀದೆ Type 3 Examples(ಡು →ಟ್ೆ) • ಕೆ ಡು → ಕೆ ಟ್ೆೆ,ಕೆ ಟ್ೆೆವು,ಕೆ ಟ್ೆೆ,ಕೆ ಟ್ೆೆರಿ,ಕೆ ಟ್ೆ,ಕೆ ಟ್ೆಳು,ಕೆ ಟ್ಟೆತು,ಕೆ ಟ್ೆವು • ಇಡು • ನೆಡು Type 4 More Examples(ಉ becomes ತ) • Same as non-ಉ ending regular verb , just add png suffix. But instead of using ದ in the png suffix, use ತ • Example • Forget ಮರೆ → ನಾನು ಮರೆತೆನು, ಮರೆತೆವು ,ಮರೆತಿ,ಮರೆತಿರಿ,ಮರೆತನು,ಮ ರೆತಳು,ಮರೆತರು,ಮರೆತಿತು ,ಮರೆತಿತವು • Learn ಕಲಿ →ನಾನು ಕಲಿತೆನು,ಕಲಿತೆವು,ಕಲಿತಿ,ಕಲಿತಿರಿ,ಕಲಿತನು,ಕಲಿತಳು,ಕಲಿತರು,ಕಲಿತಿತು,ಕಲಿತವು • Wander ಅಲೆ • Know ಅರಿ Type 5 Examples(ಉ →ತು ) • ಅಳು → ಅತೆು ಬರು/ತರು type • ಬರು → ಬಂದೆ • ತರು → ತಂದೆ • ತಿನುು type • ತಿನುು → ತಿಂದೆ • ಕೆ ಲುು → ಕೆ ಂದೆ ಕೆ ಳುು Type • ಕೆ ಳುು →ಕೆ ಂಡೆ • ಕಾಣ್ು → ಕಂಡೆ • ಉಣ್ುು →ಉಂಡೆ