Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PKM Bahasa Inggris
PKM Bahasa Inggris
PKM Bahasa Inggris
FIELD OF ACTIVITIES :
PKM RESEARCH
Suggested by:
1. ERNI SURYATI (51117007)
2. FERDI AFRIANSYAH (51117008)
3. HERIYANTO (51117009)
4. ISTIQMARIA (51117011)
5. KEYCO TIO P (51117012)
COVER PAGE.....................................................................................................
ENDORSEMENT PAGE....................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................
1.1 Background.....................................................................................
1.2 Problem Formulation......................................................................
1.3 Research Objectives......................................................................
1.4 Benefits of Research......................................................................
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................
2.1 Theory Review..............................................................................
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODS............................................................
3.1 Research Place and Time...............................................................
3.2 Research Methods.........................................................................
3.3 Doing Physical Activity .............................................. .................
3.4 Conducting Examination in the Laboratory...................................
3.5 Data Analysis.................................................................................
BIBLIOGRAPHY ..............................................................................................
APPENDIX - APPENDIX
Appendix 1. Biodata of Chair, Members, and Companion Lecturers...............
Appendix 2. Justification of Activity Budget....................................................
Appendix 3. Organizational Structure of Task and Distribution Division.........
Appendix 4. Statement of Research Chair........................................................
CHAPTER 1
PELIMINARY
1.1 Background
Physical activity is one of the activities carried out by involving body
members, both in pairs and in person. Identify physical activities that are
identical to sports activities. The routine physical activities that we usually do
work are also activities that allocate organs. Thus working juaga is included in
physical activities (adi sapoetra, 2005)
Physical activity is a series of muscle movements that produce energy
from burning calories. According to who (2008) physical activity is a gesture
produced by skeletal muscle that requires an energy expenditure. According to
nurmalina (2011) physical activity can be classified into three parts, one of
which is mild and moderate physical activity, a person has been said to do
mild physical activity if he has issued calories 2.5 to 4.9 kcal per mannit.
While it is for moderate physical activity will issue calories 5 to 7.4 kcal per
minute.
Based on data from the statistical center agency (BPS) in 2015, there were
27.61% percent of Indonesians doing sports. The community stated that it was
healthier than the condition 3 years ago after doing sports. From the results of
a survey conducted by the Sun Life Financial Asia Health Index 2017 that the
most interested sports by the Indonesian community were running as much as
60%, cycling as much as 55%, and swimming as much as 45%.
Sports or physical activity in humans greatly affects the levels of
hemoglibin in the blood, in individuals who routinely exercise their
hemoglobin levels will rise slightly, this is caused because the tissue or cell
will need more oxygen or oxygen when carrying out activities (Bahri et al.,
2009).
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a complex protein consisting of proteins, globin, and
hem pigments containing iron. Hemoglobin functions as a carrier of oxygen
which is rich in iron in red blood cells, and oxygen in that from the lungs into
the tissue (Tambayong, 2001). Meanwhile, according to Asmitra Sembiring et
al. (2012). Hemoglobin is one part of the blood and hemoglobin has an
important role in the formation of red blood cells or erythrocytes.
Erythrocytes are the largest and most important component in the blood
that occupies 45 - 60% of the total blood volume. Erythrocytes form in the
bone red marrow, the process of erythrocyte formation is called erythropoiesis
(andika setiawan et al, 2014). Concave (bikonkaf) erythrocytes, this basin is
used to give space to the hemglobin which will bind oxygen (muliawan,
2010).
The capacity of physical abilities can be improved by doing exercises
according to the intensity, duration and frequency. Exercises can also increase
exercise in the immune system in adults and affect leukocytes. Leukocytes
play a role in the body's defense system. Leukocyte counts can be a source of
information for diagnosing organ damage and recovery after mild, moderate
or severe physical exercise. The number of leukocytes must be proportional to
the intensity of work and duration of exercise, not dependent on gender and
subjeck fitness level (Leato, 2015).
Mild physical exercise activities are more beneficial to the immune
function when compared to just doing activities such as sitting / not doing any
activities. Immunity can be easily increased by doing physical exercise /
exercise as well as rest and getting enough sleep. Increasing the number of
leukocytes in the blood circulation (mainly lymphocytes and neutrophils) and
platelets, by doing physical exercise / light exercise is influenced by the
intensity and duration of exercise (sadikin m, 2001).
Platelets or pieces of blood cells are one component of blood that has a
major function in blood clotting. Normal platelet counts are around 250 x 10 2
9 / l (range 150 - 400 x 109 / l) and normal platelet life is 7-10 day. The main
function of platelets is the formation of mechanical plugs during normal
hemostatic responses to vascular injury. Without platelets, spontaneous blood
leakage can occur through small blood vessels (hoffbrand. A.v, et al., 2005).
Exercises and activities can affect the levels of Aspartate
Aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme that is in the liver, besides the liver
enzin is also present in the heart muscle, kidney muscle, and skeletal muscle.
To detect the presence or absence of damage to the enzin, ast levels were
measured. Besides being influenced by physical activity, it is also influenced
by fatigue, lack of rest, and consumption of medicines (Herlina Hidayati et al.,
2017).
AST (Aspartate Transaminase) is found in high levels in the cells of the
liver, heart and other muscles. However, if the AST is found to be high in the
blood, this indicates damage or liver disease (Dr. bing widjaja sp. PP, 2015).
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Theoretical review
1. Physical Activity
Physical activity is one of the activities carried out by involving members
of the body, both personally and in pairs. Generally physical activity is
synonymous with sports activities. The routine physical activity that we
usually do when working is also an activity to involve organs. Thus work is
also included in physical activity (adi sapoetra, 2005) and according to
Nurmalina (2011) physical activity can be classified into three parts, one of
which is mild and moderate physical activity, someone has been said to do
mild physical activity if he has issued 2.5 s calories / d 4.9 kcal per manit.
Whereas for moderate physical activity you will spend calories 5 to 7.4 kcal
per minute.
Physical activity is divided into 3 types, namely: Physical activity is for
example dancing, cycling, tennis, skiing, climbing stairs, mild physical
activities such as walking, typing, studying, cleaning the room, and heavy
physical activities such as soccer, burden, swim,
1. Hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin (HB) is a complex protein consisting of proteins, globin,
and hem pigments containing iron. Hemoglobin functions as a carrier of
oxygen which is rich in iron in red blood cells, and oxygen in that from the
lungs into the tissue (Tambayong, 2001). Whereas according to Asmitra
Sembiring et al. (2012). Hemoglobin is one part of the blood and
hemoglobin has an important role in the formation of red blood cells or
erythrocytes. The causes of lack of hemoglobin levels in the blood are
generally caused by a lack of nutrients from food consumed. So that it can
be overcome by consuming foods that are rich in nutrients and certainly
contain iron.
2. Eritrosit
Erythrocytes are the large stand most important component in the
blood that occupies 45 - 60% ofthe total blood volume. Erythrocytes form
in the bone red marrow, the process of erythrocyte for mationis called
erythropoiesis (andika setiawan etal, 2014). Concave-shaped erythrocytes
(bikonkaf), this basin is used to give spacet ot he hemglobin which
willbind oxygen (muliawan, 2010).
3. Leukosit
Leukocytes are car units / active from the body's defense system.
Leukocytes are partially formed in the bone marrow (granulocytes and
monocytes and are slightly compressed) and some are in the limpe tissue
(lymphocytes and plasma cells). Once formed, these cells are transported
into the blood to various parts of the body to be used (Guyton and Hall,
1997).
There are several main functions of leukocytes is overcoming
inflammation and immunity. For example, nitrophils are the main function
of suppressing foreign objects or phagocytosis, as well as monocytes. T
lymphocytes kill the secretions directly or form lymphokines a substance
that strengthens the activity of phagocyte T cells, while B lymphocytes
produce antibodies, namely a protein molecule that destroys foreign bodies
Tarwoto and Wartona, (2008: 21)
4. Trombosit
Platelet sorpieces of blood cells are one componen to fblood that has a
majorfunction in blood clotting. Normal platelet countisaround 250 x 10 2
9 / l (range 150 - 400 x 109 / l) and normal platelet life span is 7-10 days.
The main function of platelets is the formation of mechanical plugs during
normal hemostatic responses to vascular injury. Without platelets,
spontaneous blood leakage can occur through small blood vessels
(hoffbrand. A.v, etal., 2005).
5. Enzim hatiAspartat aminotransferase (AST)
Aspartate aminotransferase is an enzyme that is in the liver, besides the
liver enzin is also present in the heart muscle, kidney muscle, and skeletal
muscle. To detect the presence or absence of damage to the enzin, AST
enzyme levels were measured. Besides being influenced by physical
activity, it is also influenced by fatigue, lack of rest, and consumption of
medicines (Herlina Hidayati et al., 2017).
According to Dr. bing widjaja sp. PK (2015) If the AST enzyme is
found to be high in the blood, this indicates damage or liver disease. The
AST enzyme is more sensitive to detect damage to the muscles and heart
muscle than liver damage. This cellular enzyme increase occurs due to
release into the serum when the tissue is damaged (Suzanna Ndraha et al.,
2015).
According to Suzanna Ndraha et al (2015) Release of AST Enzymes
into the blood occurs when there is damage to the mitochondria and
cytosol cells in the body, especially liver and heart cells. According to
Shivaraj Gowda et al (2009) normal serum AST is 0 to 35U / L. Increased
mitochondrial AST is seen in extensive tissue necrosis during myocardial
infarction. in chronic liver diseases such as degeneration of liver tissue
and necrosis. About 80% of AST activity from the liver is contributed by
mitochondrial isoenzymes, whereas most AST activity circulating in
normal people comes from cytosolic isoenzymes.
However, theratioofmitochondrial AST to total AST activity has a
diagnostic importance in identify ingnecrotic and alcohol iccellty
peconditions. Increased AST oftendominates in patients with
cirrhosisandliver disease who usually have anincrease in ALT.
AST levels in symptomatic pregnant women in hyperemesisgravidarum
are 73U / L, in pre-eclampsia 66U / L, and 81U / L are observed in
hemolysiswithlow platelet countsan delevated liver enzymes
(ShivarajGowdaetal., 2009)
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODS
2. Materials
a. Handscoon
b. Mask
c. An Alcohol Swab
d. Plaster
e. Dry Cotton
f. Sysmex Reagent
g. AST Reagent
h. Hematology Control Material
i. Material for AST Enzyme Control
START UP
1. Turn On the UPS
2. Press the ON / OFF button to turn ON, then wait for the auto run to
run.
3. Check background
WBC < 0.3 × 10³/μl
RBC < 0.2 × 106/μl
HGB < 0.1 g/dl
PLT < 10 × 10³/μl
SHUT DOWN
1. Press the "Shut Down" button near the screen.
2. Insert the cell clean and press the "Start" button
Isap cellclean dan tekan tombol “Start”.
3. Wait until the clensing process is complete until the sentence
command appears, turn off the tool on the screen.
4. Turn off the ON/OFF button.
5. Turn Off the UPS.
EXAMINATION
4.1 Budget
The summary of the PKM-P budget is submitted as follows :
NO. Type Expenditures Cost (Rp)
1. Supporting Equipment Rp 1.027.000,-
2. Consumables Rp 1.865.000,-
3. Travel
4. Others
Total
CHAPTER 5
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Result
To determine the effect of mild and moderate physical activity with
routine hematological examination and liver enzymes, in addition to knowing
changes in routine hematologic examination and liver enzymes, before
physical activity is carried out with after doing mild and moderate physical
activities.
In order to get an overview of the effects on the effects of mild and
moderate physical activity on routine hematological examinations and on
liver enzymes. And also to get more accurate results from the research done.
Conclusion
The results of this study can be beneficial for the community, especially in
Indonesia in Indonesia. And it is also beneficial for young women in
Indonesia that in carrying out mild or moderate physical activities it is very
influential on our bodies. In addition to these benefits, this research was
carried out to add insight into funding information about physical activities
both mild and moderate physical activities
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Dwi Aries Saputro dan Said Junaidi. 2015. Pemberian Vitamin C Pada Latihan
Fisik Maksimal Dan Perubahan Kadar Hemoglobin Dan Jumlah
Eritrosit.Laporan Penelitian
Suzanna Ndraha dkk. 2015. Pola Klinis Dan Peningkatan Enzim Hati Pasien
DBD Di RSUD Koja.Laporan Penelitian
Novita Sari Harahap dan Urat Purnama Pahutar. 2017. Pengaruh Aktifitas Fisik
Aerobik Dan Anaeorobik Terhadap Jumlah Leukosit Pada Mahasiswa Ilmu
Keolahragaan Universitas Negeri Medan.Laporan Penelitian
Fajar Apollo Sinaga dkk. 2016.Pengaruh Aktifitas Fisik Terhadap Jumlah
Leukosit Pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Ilmu Keolahragaan.Laporan Penelitian
Elvia Raissa Vania dkk. 2018. Hubungan Gaya Hidup, Status Gizi, Dan Aktifitas
Fisik Dengan Tingkat Kesegaran Jasmani (Studi Pada Atlet Softball Perguruan
Tinggi Di Semarang Tahun 2017.Laporan Penelitian
Valerie I.R. Gunadi dkk. 2016. Gambaran Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Pekerja
Bangunan.Laporan Penelitian
B.R. ThapaAndAnujWalia. 2007. LiverFunctionTestsAndTheirInterpretation.
Faridatul Hasanan. 2018. Hubungan Kadar Hemoglobin Dengan Daya Tahan
Kardiovaskuler Pada Atlet AtlentikFIK Universitas Negeri Makassar. Laporan
Penelitian
Data Survei Sun Life Financial Asia. 2016
Data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). 2015
ShivarajGowda dkk. 2009. A Review On LaboratoryLiverFunctionTests. Laporan
Penelitian
Andika Setiawan dkk. 2014. Segmentasi Citra Sel Darah Merah Berdasarkan
Morfologi Sel Untuk Mendeteksi Anemia Defisiensi Besi.Laporan Penelitian
SOP Pemeriksaan Darah Lengkap Dengan Sysmex Kx-21 Tahun 2015 Puskesmas
Kediri
b. Educational background
Vocational high
Junior High
Primary School School
School
All data that I fill in and listed in this biodata is true and can be legally
justified. If in the future there was a discrepancy with reality, I was able to
accept sanctions. Thus I made this biodata actually to fulfill one of the
requirements in submitting a grant The Effect Of Physical And Light
Activities On Examination Of Hematology Of Routine And Heart
Enzyms.
Chairperson of Proposers
Heriyanto
3. A. Member Biodata
a. Personal Identity
b. Educational background
Junior High Senior High
Primary School
School School
Name of Primary School of Junior High Senior High
institution Negeri 97 Palembang School of School of PGRI 2
Negeri 35 Palembang
Palembang
Department IPA
Year of 2005-2010 2011-2013 2014-2016
entry -
graduation
All data that I fill in and listed in this biodata is true and can be legally
justified. If in the future there was a discrepancy with reality, I was able to
accept sanctions. Thus I made this biodata actually to fulfill one of the
requirements in submitting a grant The Effect Of Physical And Light
Activities On Examination Of Hematology Of Routine And Heart
Enzyms.
Applicant Member
Erni Suryati
B. Member Biodata
a. Personal Identity
1. Full Name Ferdi Afriansyah
2. Gender Man
3. Study Program Medical Laboratory Technology
4. NIM 51117008
5. Place and Date of Birth Margo bhakti,24 april 1999
6. E-Mail Ferdy.afriansyah24
7. Number of Phone
b. Educational background
All data that I fill in and listed in this biodata is true and can be legally
justified. If in the future there was a discrepancy with reality, I was able to
accept sanctions. Thus I made this biodata actually to fulfill one of the
requirements in submitting a grant The Effect Of Physical And Light
Activities On Examination Of Hematology Of Routine And Heart
Enzyms.
Applicant Member
Ferdi Afriansyah
C. Member Biodata
a. Personal Identity
1. Full Name Istiqomaria
2. Gender Women
3. Study Program Medical Laboratory Technology
4. NIM 51117011
5. Place and Date of Birth Uludanau, 24-12-1999
6. E-Mail Istiqomaria241299@gmail.com
7. Number of Phone 089603960072
b. Educational background
All data that I fill in and listed in this biodata is true and can be legally
justified. If in the future there was a discrepancy with reality, I was able to
accept sanctions. Thus I made this biodata actually to fulfill one of the
requirements in submitting a grant The Effect Of Physical And Light
Activities On Examination Of Hematology Of Routine And Heart
Enzyms.
Applicant Member
Istiqomaria
D. Member Biodata
a. Personal Identity
1. Full Name Keyco Tio Prayudha
2. Gender Man
3. Study Program Medical Laboratory Technology
4. NIM 511170012
5. Place and Date of Birth Muaradua,15-11-1998
6. E-Mail Keycotio@gmail.com
7. Number of Phone 082176929856
b. Educational background
All data that I fill in and listed in this biodata is true and can be legally
justified. If in the future there was a discrepancy with reality, I was able to
accept sanctions. Thus I made this biodata actually to fulfill one of the
requirements in submitting a grant The Effect Of Physical And Light
Activities On Examination Of Hematology Of Routine And Heart
Enzyms.
Applicant Member
All data that I fill in and listed in this biodata is true and can be legally
justified. If in the future there was a discrepancy with reality, I was able to
accept sanctions. Thus I made this biodata actually to fulfill one of the
requirements in submitting a grant The Effect Of Physical And Light
Activities On Examination Of Hematology Of Routine And Heart
Enzyms.