KỲ THI OLYMPIC TRUYỀN THỐNG 30 - 4 LẦN THỨ XXIII

ĐỀ THI ĐỀ NGHỊ MÔN: TIẾNG ANH; LỚP: 11

SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TỈNH KHÁNH HÒA

TRƯỜNG TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG CHUYÊN LÊ QUÝ ĐÔN
 A. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 PTS)
I. PHONOLOGY (5 PTS)
1. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. exam B. exaggerate C. luxurious D. maximum
2. A. pizza B. artisan C. cuisine D. nausea
3. A. expertise B. diabetes C. elite D. timber
4. A. smooth B. southern C. arithmetic D. breathe
5. A. clichés B. launcher C. brochure D. chauffeur

KEY TO PHONOLOGY 1:
1D 2A 3D 4C 5B

2. Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others.
6. A. commentator B. intimacy C. exaggerate D. predecessor
7. A. Aborigines B. honorarium C. rehabilitate D. hieroglyphics
8. A. eligible B. legislature C. influenza D. comparable
9. A. bikini B. dividend C. flamingo D. thesaurus
10. A. authoritative B. administrative C. argumentative D. initiative

KEY TO PHONOLOGY 2:
6C 7D 8C 9B 10C
II. WORD CHOICE (5 PTS)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. The English that Shakespeare used in his play is _____ and no longer used today.
A. bygone B. archaic C. quaint D. outmoded
2. The rebels staged a coup and _____ the president from his office, before taking over his
powers.
A. defeated B. rebelled C. booted D. ousted
3. The plan was held in _____ until the President arrived and carried out the orders.
A. reservation B. abidance C. abeyance D. suspension
4. The football player from the opposing team _____ his opponent for missing the penalty
kick.
A. provoked B. taunted C. reprimanded D. rebuked
5. Gabriel’s mentor _____ him to change his dishonest ways before it was too late.
A. dislodged B. notified C. admonished D. informed
6. They worked _____ through the night so that the goods would be ready for shipment the
next morning.
A. passionately B. arduously C. effortlessly D. fervently
7. Before the Japanese occupation, Singapore was under the British _____ rule.
A. independent B. solitary C. monarchy D. colonial
8. This pub is infamous for its _____ crowd. Let’s go to another place where the patrons are
more civilized and quiet.
A. exuberant B. exceeding C. exceptional D. exciting
9. I will never date a _____ for the simple fact that he will love himself more than he will
love me.
A. fatalist B. lecher C. narcissist D. soloist
10. Grandma _____ on little Matthew a lot, catering to his every whim and fancy.
A. idolize B. dotes C. indulges D. adores
KEY TO WORD CHOICE:
1B 2D 3C 4B 5C 6B 7D 8A 9C 10B
III. STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR (5 PTS)
Choose the best option A, B, C or D.
1. But I only lent you the books this morning. You _____ it already.
A. can’t have finished B. have not finished
C. must have finished D. should have finished
2. Brenda wasn’t _____ bit worried about her exams.
A. the most B. the little C. the least D. the most
3. We were short of money, _____ in our neighborhood.
A. as were most people B. like were most people
C. as people D. same as most people
4. The companies appear _____ the water supply in this area for a long time.
A. to foul B. to be fouled C. to be fouling D. to have been fouling
5. It is mandatory that smoking in public _____.
A. prohibited B. prohibit C. be prohibited D. is prohibited
6. He is not independent _____ any means. He depends _____ his father for everything.
A. by / on B. by / upon C. at / on D. A or B is correct
7. _____ sighting an approaching car, some drivers tend to speed up.
A. When slowing down instead of B. Instead when slowing down at
C. When instead of slowing down D. Instead of slowing down when
8. It sounds like you let people take advantage of you _____, you need to learn to be more
assertive. 
A. Otherwise   B. If only C. What if D. If so
9. Scientists can’t agree on _____ related to other orders of insects.
A. that fleas are B. how fleas are C. how are fleas D. fleas that are
10. The interviewer told her that he would earn $ 45000 a year, _____ she to be offered the
job.
A. were B. should C. lest D. would

KEY TO STRUCTURES AND GRAMMAR:

1A 2C 3A 4D 5C 6D 7D 8D 9B 10A
IV. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5 PTS)
Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.
1. He wants to get the scholarship and is making _____ that he is poor.
A. up B. out C. over D. for
2. His latest work have come _____ for a great deal of criticism.
A. up B. in C. across D. through
3. Many factories break the anti-pollution laws and _____.
A. put up with it B. take it over C. get away with it D. come round to it
4. None of the children would _____ to breaking the window.
A. stand up B. hand up C. own up D. pack in
5. When I started my business, I had to take out a bank loan. It took me four years to pay it
_____ .
A. off B. out C. up D. over
6. We have to_____ down the options before coming to a decision.
A. slow B. narrow C. bring D. wind
7. The lecture hall gradually emptied as Professor Jackson _____ on.
A. kept B. passed C. rambled D. touched
8. You shouldn’t have sent Sebastian that Valentine’s card. I think you’ve scared him_____ .
A. back B. down C. off D. through
9. I thought the movie was going to an end, but it just _____ .
A. dragged in B. dragged on C. dragged into D. dragged up
10. This is the time of the year when stores_____ their prices, so you can get good deals.
A. mark on B. mark through C. mark up D. mark down

KEY TO PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS:

1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. D
V. READING COMPREHENSION
Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question.
READING PASSAGE 1 (5 PTS)
People have been donating blood since the early twentieth century to help accident
victims and patients undergoing surgical procedures. Usually a pint of whole blood is
donated, and it is then divided into platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells. People can
donate blood (for red blood cells) about once every two months.
Transfusing the blood from the donor to the recipient is straightforward. It involves
taking the blood from a donor’s arm vein by means of a hypodermic syringe. The blood flows
through a plastic tube to a collection bag or bottle that contains sodium citrate, which prevents
the blood from clotting.
When the blood is given to a patient, a plastic tube and hypodermic needle are connected
to the recipient’s arm. The blood flows down from the container by gravity. This is a slow
process and may last as long as 2 hours to complete the infusion of blood into the recipient.
The patient is protected from being infected during the transfusion. Only sterile containers,
tubing, and needles are used, and this helps ensure that transfused or stored blood is not
exposed to disease-causing bacteria.
Negative reactions to transfusions are not unusual. The recipient may suffer an allergic
reaction or be sensitive to donor leukocytes. Some may suffer from an undetected red-cell
incompatibility. Unexplained reactions are also fairly common. Although they are rare, other
causes of such negative reactions include contaminated blood, air bubbles in the blood,
overloading of the circulatory system through administration of excess blood, or sensitivity to
donor plasma or platelets.
Today, hospitals and blood banks go to great lengths to screen all blood donors and
their blood. All donated blood is routinely and rigorously tested for diseases, such as HIV
(which causes AIDS), hepatitis B, and syphilis. When the recipient is a newborn or an infant,
the blood is usually irradiated to eliminate harmful elements. Donated blood is washed, and
the white blood cells and platelets are removed.
Storing the blood sometimes requires a freezing process. To freeze the red blood cells, a
glycerol solution is added. To unfreeze, the glycerol is removed. The ability to store blood for
long periods has been a boon to human health.
1. Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the word “donating” in line 1?
A. adorning B. giving C. taking D. distributing
2. In line 2, the word “it” refers to _____.
A. accident victims B. surgical procedures
C. a pint of whole blood D. surgery patients
3. According to the passage, how often can people donate blood for red blood cells?
A. Every four months B. Every three months
C. Every month D. Every two months
4. Where in the passage is the best place for the following sentence?
“Inserting the needle into the recipient’s arm causes little pain.”
A. After the last sentence in the first paragraph
B. After the word “syringe” in paragraph 2
 C. After the word “arm” in paragraph 3
D. After the word “transfusion” in paragraph 3
5. Which sentence in paragraph 2 explains how clotting is prevented in the blood container?
A. The third sentence B. The second sentence
C. The first sentence D. None of the above.
6. All of the following are mentioned as potential negative reactions to transfusions EXCEPT:
A. allergies B. red-cell incompatibility
C. air bubbles in the blood D. sensitivity to donor leukocytes
7. What answer choice is closest in meaning to the word “undetected” in paragraph 4?
A. not wanted B. not captured C. not found D. not illustrated
8. Look at the phrase “go to great lengths to screen” in paragraph 5. Choose the word that
has the same meaning.
A. rigorously B. routinely C. irradiated D. removed
9. Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about blood transfused to
infants and newborns?
A. It is as rigorously tested as blood for adults.
B. It is treated with radiant energy.
C. It is not treated differently from adults.
D. It is not dangerous for children.
10. What does the author imply in the passage?
A. Transfusing blood is a dangerous process.
B. Freezing blood destroys platelets.
C. Clotting cannot be prevented.
D. Storing blood benefits mankind.

KEY TO READING PASSAGE 1:

1B 2C 3D 4C 5A 6C 7C 8A 9B 10D
READING PASSAGE 2 (5 PTS)
TOOLS FOR TOMORROW’S TELECOMMUNICATIONS
For some time yet, much of our telecommunicating will continue to depend on the
existing web of thin copper wires that telephonically link most of our homes and workplaces.
Making it possible for that network to match the communications demands of the near future
will require new technologies that widen the lanes on the information highway.
The standard telephone service is something we take for granted in today’s modern
world. The public telecommunications network provides a reliable and highly accessible
service – we have high expectations and react strongly when the service is unavailable. To
meet the demand for high reliability and to provide services economically, the public network
is being progressively upgraded.
Yet consumers are still waiting for the widespread use of new services such as the
videophone, which was first demonstrated 30 years ago. What then is required to make new
services such as video telecommunications possible and widely available? Apart from the
availability of inexpensive video terminal equipment, the key requirement is increased
bandwidth (that is, more available frequencies for transmission) which must be provided by
the network at an affordable cost. Understanding how this objective might be achieved
requires review of the existing telecommunications network and the new technologies that are
expected to improve and extend its capacity.
The traditional telephone network consists of a pair of copper wires connecting the
customer premises to a local exchange. This is known as the customer access network. The
local exchange is connected to other local exchanges through a series of intermediate
exchanges, using coaxial cable, microwave, or satellite transmission links. This part of the
network is referred to as the core network. Within the core network, a technique known as
multiplexing is used so only a small number of physical connections are needed between each
telephone exchange. As a result, each transmission link may carry thousands of telephone
conversations simultaneously.
Traditionally, the telephone network used analogue switching and transmission
techniques. Since the 1970s, the core network has been progressively changed from an
analogue to a digital network. Digital technology offers better quality, with the capability to
actively regenerate the original transmitted signal even when buried in unwanted noise. Pulse
Code Modulation (PCM) is the process in which an analogue telephone signal is converted to
a digital one. Each analogue voice signal is sampled at a rate of 8,000 times a second, with
one sample represented by eight bits of digital information. Each voice signal therefore
requires a 64 kilobits/second transmission channel.
The physical connections in the core network have in recent years been changed to
fibre-optic cable. A large fibre-optic network can connect many major metropolitan centres.
Fibre-optic cable is fundamentally the most important transmission technology because of
high bandwidth that it offers.
The shift from the analogue to digital world within the core network exchanges means that
majority of local exchanges are now digital exchanges. What then is of the customer access
network? A long-term goal is to upgrade the customer access network using fibre-optic cable,
which will allow the delivery of new high bandwidth services such as video-on-demand.
However, this final step from the local exchange to the customer is an expensive one, due to
the large number of connections involved. Only when the demand for these new services is
well established can the cost of large-scale deployment of fibre-optic cable in the customer
network be justified.
1. Currently, telecommunications ______.
A. use new technologies
B. use wide lanes on the information highway.
C. use traditional wires.
D. use videophone technology.
2. Because the current telecommunications network is highly reliable, ______
A. new technologies are not immediately required.
B. people will not put up with breakdowns.
C. the public network is being progressively updated.
D. new services can be provided economically.
3. Videophones are not yet common because ______
A. the technology is 30 years old.
B. demand is not widespread.
C. video terminals are inexpensive.
D. bandwidth is not sufficient.
4. A customer access network is ______
A. the network of wires connecting up customers’ premises.
B. a local exchange connected to other exchanges.
C. a series of intermediate exchanges.
D. a series of microwave or satellite links.
5. The process of multiplexing ______
A. uses coaxial cable.
B. links the core network to the customer network.
C. carries thousands of telephone conversations.
D. enables exchanges to use few physical connections.
6. Analogue switching ______
A. was invented in the 1970s.
B. regenerates the original signal.
C. is giving way to digital switching.
D. uses pulse code modulation.
7. Analogue voice signals ______
A. are repeated 8,000 times a second.
B. use eight bits of digital information.
C. are generated by PCM.
D. use transmission at 64 kilobits a second.
8. The key benefit of fibre-optic cables is that ______
A. they offer excellent bandwidth.
B. they connect major metropolitan centres.
C. they are fundamentally important.
D. they create physical connections in the core network.
9. Most telephone exchanges are now digital because of ______
A. the shift towards analogue.
B. the shift away from analogue.
C. the use of fibre-optic cable.
D. the use of core network exchanges.
10. The final problem facing video-on-demand services is ______
A. bandwidth in the core network.
B. customer unwillingness to use them.
C. the expense of converting analogue to digital.
D. the large number of connections in the customer access network.

KEY TO READING PASSAGE 2:

1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. D
VI. GUIDED CLOZE TEST
Read the following passages and choose the options that best complete the blanks.
GUIDED CLOZE TEST 1 (5 PTS)
What makes a good souvenir?
On my desk at home, I have a collection of souvenirs; objects that remind me of places
I’ve visited and important events in my life. These objects include a model boat that I saw
being (1) _______ from a piece of wood on a Caribbean island, a piece of lava that (2)
_______ hot from a volcano in the year I was born, and a shell (3) _______ on my favourite
childhood beach.
(4) _______ everything else, from which memory and detail fades, it is as if the longer you
hold on to certain objects, the greater their associations with the past become, and the sharper
the recollections that gather around them. They are, (5) ________, real souvenirs,
encapsulations not only of the place, but of your time in the place. But these days, the term
“real souvenirs” sounds like a contradiction in (6) ________, and this is because the objects
sold to tourists as souvenirs are often cheap mass-produced imports that have nothing to do
with the place at all.
It’s often the (7) _______ that the best souvenirs, like my shell, are found rather than
purchased, but (8) _______ for souvenirs can also be a fun holiday activity. But if you are
buying souvenirs on holiday this summer, make sure they (9) _______ the reality test. A good
souvenir is not just made in the area where it is bought, it also says something about the
culture of that area. It is something made by local people using sustainable local materials,
and because you are effectively supporting the local economy, it shouldn’t (10) _______ too
cheap, either.
1. A. sketched B. carved C. thrown D. scratched
2. A. developed B. appeared C. emerged D. arrived
3. A. found out B. bumped into C. come across D. picked up
4. A. Opposite B. Dissimilar C. Unlike D. Different
5. A. albeit B. otherwise C. whereas D. therefore
6. A. terms B. meanings C. words D. names
7. A. point B. fact C. case D. truth
8. A. browsing B. seeking C. surfing D. pursuing
9. A. win B. take C. beat D. pass
10. A. come B. charge C. go D. cost

KEY TO GUIDED CLOZE TEST 1

1B 2C 3D 4C 5D 6A 7C 8A 9D 10A
GUIDED CLOZE TEST 2 (5 PTS)
Read the following passage and decide which option A, B, C or D best fits each space.
DOLPHIN TO THE RESCUE
People often claim that humans and animals are not as different as they appear. For example,
dolphin are often (1) ______ with human – or even super-human – intelligence and also a sort
of (2) ______ with human beings. This attitude to dolphins is not surprising in view of (3)
______ like the following one, which happened in 1983. A lawyer’s wife was bathing alone
from a private beach in Florida. She had only just (4) ______ into the water when she was (5)
______ off by a strong current. She swallowed water and was beginning to lose (6) ______.
wishing desperately that someone would come and rescue her. And she tells how at this
moment she was given ‘a tremendous shove’ and found herself (7) ______ out of the water.
She slowly recovered and turned to thank her rescuer. But there was no one about, only a pair
of dolphins playing and leaping out of the water a few metres offshore.
At this point a man came running up to say that he had seen what he had taken for a dead
body being pushed ashore by one of the dolphins. Now this is not an obscure (8) ______ of an
incident which happened in the dim and (9) ______ past. It happened in our own times and
was witnessed by a number of (10) ______.
1. A. credited B. awarded C. attributed D. reckoned
2. A. likeness B. attraction C. sympathy D. fellowship
3. A. occasions B. incidents C. scenes D. circumstances
4. A. swum B. emerged C. entered D. gone
5. A. taken B. carried C. fetched D. transported
6. A. sight B. life C. awareness D. consciousness
7. A. staggering B. hauling C. rescuing D. appearing
8. A. narrative B. account C. tale D. version
9. A. unreliable B. historical C. ancient D. distant
10. A. onlookers B. watchers C. viewers D. spectators

KEY TO GUIDED CLOZE TEST 2

1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. A
 B. WRITTEN TEST (70 PTS)
I. OPEN CLOZE TESTS (20 PTS)
Fill in each of the numbered blanks with ONE suitable word.
OPEN CLOZE TEST 1(10 PTS)
Water on the earth is being continuously recycled in a process known as the (1) ________
cycle. The first step of the cycle is the (2) ________ of water in the oceans. Evaporation is the
process of water (3) ________ into vapor, which then forms clouds in the sky. The second
step is the water returning to the earth in the form of precipitation, either rain, snow, or ice.
When the water (4) ________ the earth’s surface, it runs off into the rivers, lakes, and the
oceans, where the cycle begins again.
Not all water, however, stays on the surface of the earth entering the hydrologic cycle.
Some of it seeps into the ground through (5) ________ and collects under the earth’s surface
as groundwater. The groundwater is extremely important to life on earth since 95% of the
earth’s water is in the oceans, and is too (6) ________ for humans or plants. Of the 5% on
land, only 0.05% is above ground in rivers or lakes. The rest is underground water. This
groundwater is plentiful and (7) _________, as it doesn’t depend on seasonal rain or snow. It
is the major source of water for many cities. But as the population increases and the need for
water also increases, the groundwater in some areas is getting (8) ________ low. Added to
this problem is an increasing amount of pollution that (9) ________ into the ground water. In
the future, with an increasing population and more toxic waste, the hydrologic cycle we
depend on could become dangerously (10) _________.

KEY TO OPEN CLOZE TEST 1

1. hydrologic 2. evaporation 3. turning 4. reaches 5. Infiltration
6. salty 7. dependable 8. dangerously 9. seeps 10. imbalance
OPEN CLOZE TEST 2 (10 PTS)
TOMORROW WORLD
Although the rise in the global temperature by 4 percent predicted by many scientists may not
sound like much, it is the difference between now and the last Ice Age, when huge glaciers
covered Europe and most of Britain. Nobody knows (1) ____________ what would happen in
a warmer world, but we (2) ____________ know some things. Heat a kettle and the water
inside it expands. The temperature of the world has climbed more than half a degree this
century, and the oceans have risen by at least 10 cm.
But (3) ____________ as it takes several minutes for a kettle to begin warming, so it may
have taken the ocean thirty years to swell. This means that the global warming we are now
experiencing is a result only of the carbon dioxide we have dumped into the atmosphere (4)
____________ to the 1960s. Since then, the use of fossil fuels has increased rapidly.
Scientists (5) ____________ for the United nations and European governments have been
warning that what the Dutch and the people of East Anglia will need to do will (6)
____________ to build more extensive sea defenses. Many of the world’s great cities are at
risk, because they are (7) ____________ at sea level. Miami, (8) ____________ entirely built
on a sandbank, could be (9) ____________ away. But the effect of rising sea levels will be
much worse for the developing countries. With a meter rise in sea levels, 200 million could
become homeless.
There are other fears too, according to a recent United Nations report. The plight of the
hungry in northern Africa could (10) ____________ , as rainfall in the Sahara and beyond is
reduced by 20 per cent.

KEY TO OPEN CLOZE TEST 2

1. quite/ exactly/ precisely 2. do
3. just 4. up

5. working 6. be
7. located/ situated 8. almost
9. swept 10. worsen
II. WORD FORMS (20 PTS)
1. Supply the correct word form. (10PTS)
1. The agenda for meeting is still not ____________. (FINAL)
2. Management decided the office was ____________ and sacked three junior typists. (MAN)
3. The police will be keeping a sharp ____________ for drug- pushers at the pop festival.
(LOOK)
4. University faculties expect to receive completed ____________ by the beginning of June.
(THESIS)
5. He made a ____________ attempt to climb the tree to recover his kite. (FOOL)
6. Store cards are offered at the till and people can obtain ____________ of credit cards with
relative ease. (FIST)
7. Please place your cigarette ends in the ____________ provided. (RECEIVE)
8. Why don’t you take the ____________ and arrange the meeting. (INITIATE)
9. His workmates were very ____________ and selfish. (COOPERATE)
10. Heavy rain and excessive use have the soil____________. (POVERTY)

KEY TO WORD FORM 1

1. finalized 2. over-manned 3. outlook 4. theses
5. foolhardy 6. fistfuls 7. receptacles 8. initiative
9. uncooperative 10. impoverished
2. Supply each gap with the correct form of the word given in the box. (10PTS)

ABLE ORDINARY BRING MERCY STRIKE

ACHIEVE RELATE ELUDE REALIZE CURE

A MUSICAL GENIUS
For many people, Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 - 1827) is the most influential figure in
the history of Western classical music. His (1) ________ talent was already clearly evident as
a young man, (2) ________ surviving a somewhat unconventional (3) ________ during which
his eccentric father would often force him to take music lessons in the middle of the night.
The young Beethoven’s ability won him the admiration of the leading contemporary
musical figures. Throughout the 1790s, he worked hard to secure the interest of wealthy
patrons. Such patronage (4) ________ him to concentrate on becoming a successful
composer.
Whatever his awe- inspiring musical (5) _________, however, his personal life was
something of a disaster. His day-to-day (6) ________ with people invariably turned out to be
rather turbulent. Although he apparently fell in love with a number of society women, the
identity of the girl who lay closest to his heart remains (7) ________ to this day.
However, just at the point when Beethoven was beginning to reap the rewards of his early
endeavors, he had to come to terms with the crushing (8) ________ that his increasing
deafness was (9) _________. From that moment on, his music displayed a (10) ________
change in style, becoming both heavier in tone and larger in scale.

KEY TO WORD FORM 2

1. extraordinary 2. mercifully 3. upbringing 4. enabled 5. achievements
6. relationships 7. elusive 8. realization 9. incurable 10. striking
III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION
Read the following passage. There are 10 errors. Identify the errors and then correct
them. (10 PTS)
TRANSYLVANIAN TRIP
Dracula lives! A small travel agent in Budapest is offering "a Transylvanian adventure
for bloodthirsty travellers". At £200 tourists can enjoy a four-day excursion to Transylvania on
the trail of the 15th century tyrant, nicknamed Vlad the Impaler, which achieved notoriety for
his custom of sticking people onto spikes, a punishment which he inflicted at thousands of
prisoners and loyal subjects like. Visitors keen on getting the feel of the "terror of the living
dead" can lunch in the house were the Count lived and stroll through cemeteries with a guide
who is an inexhaustible source of information concerning the myth of vampirism. "We're
putting all the emphasis in atmosphere," explains the tour organiser, but by doing so, the agency
is wandering off the real trail of Vlad the Impaler. The castle of Poienari does not, for example,
feature on the programme, to be naturally less impressive that Bram, which is a caricature of a
vampire's castle but one where Vlad never put foot.

KEY TO ERROR IDENTIFICATION

Line 1: agent  agency
Line 3: which  who
Line 4: custom  habit
Line 4: at  on
Line 5: like  alike
Line 6: were  where
Line 7: in  on
Line 10: to be  being
Line 10: that  than
Line 11: put  set
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
Rewrite the sentences with the given words or beginning in such a way that their
meanings remain unchanged. (20 PTS)
1. The reforms will not succeed unless they are carefully planned.
 Careful ____________________________________________________________________
2. I feel completely exhausted when I’ve listened to Marion for half-an-hour.
 Half-an-hour________________________________________________________________
3. Karen’s schoolwork definitely seems to be improving this term.
 Karen’s schoolwork___________________________________________________________
4. The old railway station is now a museum.
 The old railway station ________________________________________________________
5. The news was such a shock to us that we all sat there without saying.
 We all sat there ______________________________________________________________
6. His behavior at the conference gave him the bad reputation he had. (conducted)
 The way _________________________________________ in the bad reputation he now has.
7. I said that I thought he was wrong about the best way for us to proceed. (issue)
 I ______________________________________________________ best we should proceed.
8. He became famous but it cost him his privacy. (expense)
 His rise _________________________________________________________of his privacy.
9. We’ll have to make sure that the costs are as low as possible or we’ll have no money left.

(minimum)
 We’ll have to keep ____________________________________ourselves with no money left.
10. Her work didn’t meet the standards that were considered acceptable. (conform)
 Her work __________________________________________________ acceptable standards.

KEY TO SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION:

1. planning is crucial to the success of the reforms.
2. listening to Marion leaves me completely exhausted.
3. shows definite signs of improvements this term.
4. has been now turned into a museum.
5. in silence as/because we were so shocked by the news.
6. he conducted himself at the conference (has) resulted
7. took issue with him about how
8. to fame was/came at the expense
9. costs to a/the minimum or we’ll find
10. didn’t/did not conform to what were considered