Nada Fitrieyatul Hikmah (080810293)

Arindha Reni Pramesti (080810115)

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

Material to Hip Replacement Implant

A total hip replacement is a surgical procedure that reforms the hip joint. Factor cause
person do hip implants surgery is hip arthritis. The word arthritis means inflammation of the
joint. Arthritis is a joint disorder featuring inflammation. One of the most important aspects
of hip replacement surgery is determining the proper implant to be used in the operation. The
ideal hip replacement implant will allow for normal activities, normal motion, and last the
patient's lifetime. Hip replacement implants have been modified in order to provide the best
possible functioning with long lasting results. This effort to perfect hip replacement implants
is constantly taking place. There are some material used to hip implant : metal-plastic
implant, metal on metal implant, and ceramic on ceramic implant.

The metal and plastic implants are the most commonly used hip replacement
implants. Both the ball and the socket of the hip joint are replaced with a metal prosthesis,
and a plastic spacer is placed in between. The metals used include titanium, stainless steel,
and cobalt chrome. The plastic is called polyethylene. The acetabular socket can be made of
metal, ultra-high molecular-weight polyethylene, or a combination of polyethylene backed by
metal.

Metal on metal implants use similar materials, but there is no plastic piece inserted
between. In metal on metal hip replacement the articulating surfaces are made from cobalt
chrome. Cobalt chrome offers high wear resistance and has much smaller debris particles
than the metal-on-plastic polyethylene plastic articulation. The precision of modern
machining and strength of cobalt chrome make it possible to replace a femoral head with a
prosthesis with a head diameter that matches the patient's natural femoral head. That means
more natural hip mechanics and removes nearly all of the long term risk of dislocation. One
of the downsides of these metal on metal implants is the concern that the body will
accumulate metal ions. All implants will slowly wear out over time.

Ceramic on ceramic implants are designed to be the most resistant to wear of all
available hip replacement implants. They wear even less than the metal on metal implants.
Ceramics are more scratch resistant and smoother than any of these other implant materials.
Ceramic hip replacement implants are very hard, and very smooth. Cobalt/chromium based
alloys or ceramic materials (aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide) are used in making the ball
portions. One of the most concerning complications of ceramic hip replacements is the
ceramic hip replacement material is hard and brittle, so it can crack.

Metal-plastic implant, metal on metal implant, and ceramic on ceramic implant are of
course has advantages and disadvantages of each. Metal on metal material has high wear
resistance and much smaller debris particles than the metal-on-plastic polyethylene plastic
articulation. Ceramic on ceramic material is the most resistant to wear but it can be crack.
Based on these things, many researchers have recommended metal on metal material as the
main material to hip replacement implant.