Part 1: You will hear a short extract about dengue fever cases in Latin America.

Write NO
MORE THAN 4 WORDS.
https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2019/12/17/788965365/why-dengue-fever-cases-are-
hitting-record-highs-in-latin-america

 There was an exponential increase in the cases of the _____________________ across

the Americas, which was 20% higher than those in 2015.
 Tropical countries such as Brazil or Mexico have received ______________________,
flooding as well as peak in dengue in this rainy year. This creates favourable
environment for mosquitoes to lay eggs, according to Leah – an ____________________
at UC.
 In some circumstances, dengue feels like flu. More seriously, it could lead to leak in
________________ and failing organs.
 The situation when there is sufficient number of dengue’s patients protecting normal
people after large outbreaks is called ______________________.
 Apart from virus named Zika and weather, _________________________ is another big
cause for this year’s outburst.
 It is said that Zika and dengue are ______________________. Therefore, it is possible
that _____________________ against dengue was available as a result of Zika
outbreaks.
 Our immune system could produce ____________________ to fight against Zika, which
is unfortunately only a __________________ that easily dims after a period of time.
KEY : It's been a record year for dengue fever in Latin America. The mosquito-borne disease
surged across the America with nearly 3 million cases reported. That's more than 20% higher
than the previous record in 2015. NPR's Huang explores why?  It's been a weird year for rain
and one of the hottest on record and mosquitoes are loving it. Tropical countries like Brazil and
Mexico have had bouts of heavy rain and flooding and huge spikes in dengue. Leah, who's an
epidemiologist at UC says that after it rains, mosquitoes will lay their eggs in any pool of water.
You're just fighting against everything. The lids on top of your barrels become containers for
breeding mosquitoes, any tiny little piece of trash. They've found that tires are a huge source of
larvae. Those larvae grow into mosquitoes of the AD species that infect people with dengue
when they bite. In some cases, dengue fever can feel like the flu. In severe cases, it can cause
blood vessels to leak and organs to fail. More than 1300 people have died from dengue in Latin
America this year. But mosquito weather is only one reason for the surge. Maoricio is a
virologist in Sao Paolo, Brazil. Every outbreak that we have has becoming bigger than the last
one.  He says it could be that the virus is mutating to become more infectious or because more
people are packed into cities, which also makes it easier for mosquitoes to spread dengue. But
dengue outbreaks come in cycles, too: every three or four years, you have a surge of dengue
cases.  N says that people who recover from dengue are immune to it for a couple of years. So
after big outbreaks, there's a time of herd immunity where there's enough people who had
dengue to protect those that haven't. So weather, outbreak cycles, and another reason for this
year's explosion is a different virus - Zika. Bailey - epidemiologist at the center for disease
control's Dengue branch in Rico says rates of dengue have been super low since the Zika virus
swept through in 2016. Zika and dengue are closely related viruses, so it is possible that the
Zika outbreak in the Americas provided some short-term protection against dengue.
Researchers think the antibodies the immune system's created to fight Zika protect against
dengue. But this immune system response is a temporary effect that fades after a few years.