Faijah Usman Marohomsalic Analytical Chemistry Laboratory

BSMLS 1G
ACTIVITY 7: ANALYSIS OF GROUP IV ANIONS
UNKNOWN SAMPLE
S 2 O 3 - + 2Ag --> Ag 2 S 2 O 3
Cl - + Ag + --> AgCl
CNS - + Ag + --> AgCNS

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR THIOSULFATE ION:

The product, Silver Sulfide, is said to be unstable and have yellow and orange as its color in the
form of precipitate. Change of color to black confirms the presence of Thiosulfate Ion.
Ag 2 S 2 O 3 + 2H 2 O --> Ag 2 S + H 2 O + HSO 4

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR CHLORIDE ION:

AgCl is soluble in NH2 that allows separation of Chloride from Thiocyanite.
AgCl + 2NH 2 --> Ag(NH 2 ) +2 + Cl -
AgCl forms a white precipitate and insoluble in nitric acid which confirms the presence of
Chloride Ion.
Ag(NH 2 ) +2 + Cl - + 2H 2 O --> AgCl + 2NH 4 + 2H 2 O

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR THIOCYANITE ION:

AgCNS is related with HCl and produces red coloration.
AgCNS + Cl - --> AgCl + CNS -
Thiocyanite produced a red colored complex with reaction with ferric ions which signifies the
presence of Thiocyanite ion.
Fe 3+ + 6CNS --> Fe(CNS) 6 3-
ACTIVITY 8: ANALYSIS OF GROUP V ANIONS
1ST PORTION: CONFIRMATORY OF CHLORATE ION:
Added nitrous acid that causes it to be reduced to chloride ions. That further precipitates it to
AgCl which implies the presence of chloride ion in the unknown sample.
ClO 3 - + 3HNO 2 + 3H 2 O --> Cl - + 3H 2 O +
Cl - + Ag + = AgCl

2ND PORTION: CONFIRMATORY OF BORATE ION:

Chlorate ions is ought to be converted to perchloric acid to consider that borate ion is a water-
soluble anion group.
3HClO 3 --> HClO 4 = 2ClO2 + H2O

In exposure to heating with sulfuric acid nitrate ions in nitrous acid to decomposes to H 2 O, NO
2 and NO.
4HNO 3 --> 2H 2 O + 2NO 2 + O2
2HNO 2 --> H 2 O + NO 2 + NO

3RD PORTION: CONFIRMATORY OF NITRITE ION:

Nitrite ion with dilute hydrochloric acid and urea evolved to nitrogen and carbon dioxide
products. Hence, an evolution of gas.
CO(NH 2 ) 2 + 2NO 2- +2H 3 O + --> CO 2 + 2N 2 + 5H 2 O
In order to detect nitrate, nitrite is ought to be destroyed by an acid solution Ammonium Sulfate.
NO 2- + NH 4+ --> N 2 + 2H 2 O

4TH PORTION: CONFIRMATORY OF NITRATE ION:

Nitric acid is from the redox reacts with ferrous ions in a high concentration of sulfuric acid. It
produces a brown ring product.
3Fe(H 2 O) 6++ + NO 3- + 4H 3 O + -->. 3Fe(H 2 O) 6 3 + NO + 6H 2 O
Fe(H 2 O) 6++ + NO --> Fe(H 2 O) 5 NO ++ + H 2 O