Community Lifestyle and Crime Occurrences in Family Village Resources, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite

Republic of the Philippines
EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ

INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite
Community Lifestyle and Crime Occurrences
in
Family Village Resources,
General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite.

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CHAPTER 1
The Problem and Its Background
Introduction
According to Graham Day, community continues to be a persistent
theme in political, philosophical and policy debates. The idea
of community poses fundamental questions about social inclusion
and exclusion, particularly versus general interests, identity,
belonging and extensive theoretical literature in the social
sciences. There is a rich body of social research aimed at
exploring the nature of community, and evaluating its
contribution to people's lives and well-being.
Community is classified into three (3), the lower class, middle
class, working class and upper class. Lower class is typified
by poverty, homelessness and unemployment. People of this class,
few of whom have finished high school, suffer from lack of
medical care, adequate housing and food, decent clothing, safety
and vocational training. The media often stigmatize the lower
class as “the underclass,” inaccurately characterizing poor
people as welfare mothers who abuse the system by having more

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and more babies, welfare fathers who are able to work but do
not, drug abusers, criminals and societal “trash.” The middle
class are the “sandwich” class. They divide into two levels
according to wealth, education and prestige. The lower middle
class where Family Village Resources is classified, this is
often made up of less educated people with lower incomes, such
as manager, small business owners, teachers and secretaries. The
upper middle class is often made up of highly educated business
and professional people with high incomes, such as doctors,
lawyers, stockbrokers and CEOs. The working class are those
minimally educated people who engage in “manual labor” with
little or no prestige. Unskilled workers in the class-
dishwashers, cashiers, maids and waitresses-usually are
underpaid and have no opportunity for career advancement they
are often called the working poor. Skilled workers in this
class-carpenters, plumbers and electricians are often called
blue collar workers. They make more money than workers in the
middle class such assecretaries, teachers and computer
technicians; however, their jobs are usually more physically
taxing and in some cases quite dangerous, “new money,” or money
made from investments, business ventures, and so forth. The
upper class includes those aristocratic and “high society”

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families with “old money” who have been rich for generations.
These extremely wealthy people live off the income from their
inherited riches. The upper-upper class is more prestigious than
the lower-upper class. Wherever their money comes from, both
segments of the upper class are exceptionally rich. Both groups
have more money than they could passively spend, which leaves
them with much leisure time for cultivating a variety of
interest. They live in exclusive neighborhoods, gather at
expensive social clubs, and send their children to the finest
schools. As might be expected, they also exercise a great deal
of influence and power both nationally and globally.
Most of the population in the Philippines is still young, with
23 being the average median age. The fact that there is great
cultural diversity in this country due to presence of many
religions, ethnic groups, etc., makes it an interesting place to
live in. Most people in the Philippines are Roman Catholics.
Life in the Philippines generally revolves around family,
parents, friends and relatives. Many people live in extended
families including uncles, aunts, grandparents and cousins, etc.
and importance of family is paramount in the culture and
lifestyle of people. On most of the main festivals and events,

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members of extended families meet and gather to celebrate
together. In daily life, Filipinos love going out, socializing
and meeting friends and family members, one of the common places
of meeting for people are in the markets, most of the local
markets in the country are generally crowded and colorful.
People also like to go out to eat at restaurants every once in a
while and a meal at an expensive restaurants can cost somewhere
around 120 Pesos whereas a meal at a mid-range restaurant can
cost 700 Pesos. Filipinos also spend on sports and leisure for
entertainment, i.e. joining a fitness club, going to cinemas.
Filipino lifestyle is perfectly blended mix of cultures of
Malay, Indonesian, and aboriginal, Chinese, Indian, Japanese,
Spanish and even American. Eating lifestyle in Philippines, the
staple food is rice. They generally eat three (3) times in a day
and the main protein source for them is fish and many other
seafood products. Most people use just their hands to eat food.
Many American fast food chains have opened up here and some of
them include McDonald’s, Dunkin Donuts and Jollibee among
others.
On the other hand, crime is a part of any social system and
known to human communities since its origins. It differs from
community to another, even within one community it doesn’t occur

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equally in all places and nor by the same way. It is also
concentrated in some places more than others, sometimes
increases, sometimes decreases.
This area of sociological interest came about when they looked
and noticed the means of living and life status of the
community, and the daily routine of the people living there.
Another reason for their interest in this issue is because it is
still affected on the factors which affect and lead to the
commission of crimes that are typically present in jurisdictions
where crime rates are high, which includes poverty levels, job
availability, police policy and the average age of the
population.
Crime and especially the fear of crime, affects the mental
and physical well-being of victims, causing the behavioral
alternations, with serious consequence for the whole community.
The spatial distribution of crime incidents varies in accordance
with type.
In fact, today, crime is associated with the societies that have
great disparities of wealth and quality of life. For people on
lower incomes, such factors may make it easier to turn to crime

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as a form of subsistence and way of acquiring goods that would
otherwise be out of reach,
Community members have identified a variety of social economic
personal factors that influence crime rate trends. Crime is a
truth exists for all whether it is taken as a moral or legal
contrast. This is a truth that we would have to accept, no
matter how appalling it may seem. Many efforts have been exerted
in order to eradicate crime.
Many people have different problems like poverty that push
them to commit crimes. Persons who commit crimes are the persons
who are jobless because they lack education, some person commit
crimes to survive from poverty. Poverty is the condition where
people’s basic needs for food clothing and shelter are not being
met. This is family to survive from poverty. Poverty is the
state of being extremely poor of the community. It a level of
personal or family income below which one is classified as of
government standards.
Since crimes create fear, the more the people are aware of
crime, the more they fear and become victims of it. Crime
affects the way people in a community interact, and the fear of
crime can actually attract more crime. This simplify that the
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more a community is close to being a city in terms of
development, it is more vulnerable to crimes, since opportunity
for crime to be committed is more visible.
Anti-crime methods and strategy should be promoted and
implemented to suppress crime in order to safeguard the lives of
the community and raise a sustainable development to the people
living in the community.
According to PNP Cavite, crime volume declines by 44.65
percent published on June 28, 2018 through Manila Bulletin. The
crime volume in this populous province decreased in the first
half of the year. According to the provincial police force, they
attributed the decrease in cases to the ongoing intensified
drives against crime and lawlessness.
Ever since society was formed, crimes began to be a part of it.
Crime is one of the unfortunate inevitabilities in the world. It
can happen anywhere. People worry about their safety and of
their loved ones and most of the time, safety threats can be
especially discomforting and stressful. In community, there are
many crimes committed especially in crowded areas or places or
in large communities where the police force and action is
limited so that crimes are easily made by criminals. By this

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matter, researchers wanted to find out what is the relationship
of the lifestyle of the community members to occurrence of
crimes in Family Village Resources, General Mariano Alvarez,
Cavite.
The reported decrease of crime rate in Cavite, specifically in
Family Village Resources, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite from
2017-2018, citing the spate of crimes happening which is mostly
related to crimes against property such as theft, robbery, and
etc.
Theoretical Framework
According to Edwin Sutherland, Differential Association
Theory claims that all criminal behavior of a person is learned,
and that the learning process is influenced by the extent of the
individual’s contact with persons who commit crimes. The more an
individual associate with such persons, the more likely it
becomes that he will learn and adopt criminal values and
behaviors.
According to nine (9) principles:
1. Criminal behavior is learned.

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2. Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other
persons in a process of communication.
3. The principal part of the learning of criminal
behavior occurs within intimate personal groups.
4. When criminal behavior is learned, the learning
includes techniques of committing the crime (which are
sometimes very complicated, sometimes simple) and the
specific direction of motives, drives, rationalizations, and
attitudes.
5. The specific direction of motives and drives is
learned from definitions of the legal codes as favorable or
unfavorable.
6. A person becomes delinquent because of an excess of
definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions
unfavorable to violation of the law.
7. Differential associations may vary in frequency,
duration, priority, and intensity.
8. The process of learning criminal behavior by
association with criminal and anti-criminal patterns
involves all of the mechanisms that are involved in any
other learning.
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9. While criminal behavior is an expression of general
needs and values, it is not explained by those needs and values,
since non-criminal behavior is an expression of the same needs
and values. (Vinney, 2019).
Differential association takes a social psychological
approach to explain how an individual becomes a criminal. The
theory posits that an individual will engage in criminal
behavior when the definitions that favor violating the law
exceed those that don’t. Definitions in favor of violating the
law could be specific. For example, “This store is insured. If I
steal these items, it’s a victimless crime.” Definitions can
also be more general, as in “This is public land, so I have the
right to do whatever I want on it.” These definitions motivate
and justify criminal activity. Meanwhile, definitions
unfavorable to violating the law push back against these
notions. Such definitions can include, “Stealing is immoral” or
“Violating the law is always wrong.
The individual is also likely to put different weight on the
definitions they are presented in their environment. These
differences depend on the frequency with which a given
definition is encountered, how early in life a definition was

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first presented, and how much one values the relationship with
the individual presenting the definition.
Conceptual Framework
Input Process Output
1. What are the profile of

the respondent.
2. How do the respondent

describe their community
lifestyle.  DictionaryI
nternet/
3. Common Crime
Online Conduct
Committed in Family
Village Resources
Soure Community
 Books interventi
4. Is there a significant  Interview
on program
relationship between  Survey
community lifestyle to Questionna- and
crime Occurrence in Family
ire Community
Village Resources, General
Mariano Alvarez, Cavite
 Statistica- Seminar.
l Treatment
5. Based on the Findings, of Data
what action plan can be
proposed to the
community to decrease
crime.
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FeedBack
Statement of the Problem
The study aims to determine the community lifestyle and

crime occurrences in Family Village Resources, General Mariano
Alvarez, Cavite.
Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following

questions:
1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Numbers of household members
1.2 Sex
1.3 Years of Residency
1.4 Occupation
1.5 Educational Attainment
1.6 Age
1.7 Civil Status
1.8 Total Family Income per month
2. How do the respondents describe their community lifestyle

in terms of:
2.1 Routinary Activities
2.1.1 Waking up
2.1.2 Eating
2.1.3 Bathing, toileting,
2.1.4 Dressing,grooming
2.1.5 Going to the market
2.1.6 Preparation for meal
2.1.7 Going to school (for students)
2.1.8 Going to work (for those who work)
2.1.9 Rest
2.1.10 Sleep at night
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2.1.11 Others______
2.2 Social Activities
2.2.1 Playing sports
2.2.2 Social gatherings (celebrations, occassions)
2.2.3 Drinking liquor during weekends and getting salary for
recreation
2.2.4 Playing games
2.2.5 Others_______
2.3 Physical activities
2.3.1 Exercise (Zumba, fitness work-out, etc.)
2.3.2 Indoor walking program
2.3.3 Doing household chores
2.3.4 Playing at the park or in the court
2.3.5 Others_______
2.4 Occupation-based Activities
2.4.1 Manufacture of smoked fish
2.4.2 Sari-sari Store
2.4.3 Groceries Store
2.4.4 Barber Shops
2.4.5 Computer Shops
2.4.6 Tricycle Service (TODA)
2.4.7 Karinderia
2.4.8 Market (Selling vegetables, meat, etc)
2.4.9 Vendors
2.4.10 Junkshop
2.4.11 Others_______
2.5 Religious Activities
2.5.1 Going to Church
2.5.2 Priest counseling
2.5.3 Praying before meal and before going
to bed
2.5.4 Others________
2.6 Health Activities
2.6.1 Vaccination (for polio, dengeu, etc)
2.6.2 Check-up (for pregnant, new born, etc)
2.6.3 Others________
3. Common crimes committed in Family Village Resources
3.1 Crimes against property
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3.1.1 Robbery
3.1.2 Theft
3.1.3 Estafa
3.2 Crimes Against Persons
3.2.1 Murder
3.2.2 Homicide
3.3 Physical Injuries
3.3.1 Serious Physical Injuries
3.4 Violation of Special Laws

3.4.1 Republic Act No. 9165 “ Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs
Act of 2002”
3.4.2 Republic Act No.10591 "Comprehensive Firearms and

Ammunition Regulation Act"
3.4.3 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1602 “ILLEGAL GAMBLING”
3.4.4 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10883 “AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A NEW
ANTI-CARNAPPING LAW OF THE PHILIPPINES”
3.4.5 PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1612 “ANTI-FENCING LAW OF

1979”
4. Is there a significant relationship between the community

lifestyle and the crime occurrences?
5. Based on the findings, what action plan can be proposed to

the community to decrease crime.
Hypothesis
This study hypothesizes that there is no significant
relationship between the community lifestyle and the crime
occurrence in Family Village Resources, General Mariano Alvarez,
Cavite.
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Scope and Limitation of the Study
The scope of the study covers how the lifestyle of the
community members affects crime occurrences, which focuses only
to the members of the community. The study will be conducted in
Family Village Resources.
On the other hand, this study is limited only to the
members of the community and total recorded crime rates, the
specific gender, ages and civil status can be elaborated, but
limited because of its confidential matter. Some may not answer
questionnaires properly. Some other crimes are not reported to
the authorities that is why it is not being included in their
records. Dependent upon the availability records of the PNP.
2017-2018 is the year that will be covered only in the study.
Significance of the study
This study plays a significant endeavor in
collaboration/partnership of the community in prevention of
crime; to enhance the relationship between community and

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prevention of crimes, this study is beneficial to the following:
Philippine National Police
This study can be a cornerstone to improve for authories to
effectiveness and can be another source of information, so they
may evaluate the problem on why crime rate is increasing. And to
enforce the law, and prevent control crimes, for internal
security with the active support of the community.
Community
This study can help the community to have knowledge about
how their everyday lifestyle rates in occurrence of crimes. This
will also help the community to be aware about their status as a
Community can contribute to lessen the crime rates in their
barangay.
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Learning Institution
This study can help the school by giving specific knowledge
regarding this topic,on this relation of lifestlye of community
member to crime occurance by means of learning.
Barangay Official
This study can help the barangay officials to know the
problems or risk relating to the community problems they
encounter, that they can help to improve and do a move for
preventing crimes in their community.
Family
This study can be helpful to the families of the
respondents so they can be aware for what is happening in their
community.
Future Researchers
This study can be a reference for future researchers on
how the community lifestyle of community members relate to crime
occurance.
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Definition terms
Community is a group of people leaving in the same place or
having a particular characteristics in common.
Community Lifestyle is a way of living of individuals,
families(households),and their physical, psychological, social,
and economic environments on a day-to-day basis.
Crime Occurrences are happenings or situations or events where
there are crimes occurs.
Crime is an action of ommision that constitute an offense that
may be prosecuted by the state and is punishable by law.
Crime rate is a count of crimes complied to asses the
effectiveness of a crime control policy,and the impact of the
policy on the risk of crime victimization.
Philippine National Police shall enforce the law, prevent and
control crimes, maintain peace and order, and ensure public
safety and internal security with the active support of the
community.
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Direct Assault Any person or persons who, without a public
uprising, shall employ force or intimidation for the attainment
of any of the purpose enumerated in defining the crimes of
rebellion and sedition, or shall attack, employ force, or
seriously intimidate or resist any person in authority or any of
his agents, while engaged in the performance of official duties,
or on occasion of such performance.( Revised Penal Code, Article
148)
Tumults and other disturbance of public orders; Tumultuous
disturbance or interruption liable to cause disturbance. The
penalty of arresto mayor in its medium period to prision
correccional in its minimum period and a fine not exceeding
1,000 pesos shall be imposed upon any person who shall cause any
serious disturbance in a public place, office, or establishment,
or shall interrupt or disturb public performances, functions or
gatherings, or peaceful meetings, if the act is not included in
the provisions of Articles 131 and 132 The penalty next higher
in degree shall be imposed upon persons causing any disturbance
or interruption of a tumultuous character.
The disturbance or interruption shall be deemed to be
tumultuous if caused by more than three persons who are armed or

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provided with means of violence.( .(Revised Penal Code, Article
153)
Theft is committed by any person who, with intent to gain but
without violence against or intimidation of persons nor force
upon things, shall take personal property of another without the
latter's consent.
Theft is likewise committed by:
1. Any person who, having found lost property, shall fail to
deliver the same to the local authorities or to its owner;
2. Any person who, after having maliciously damaged the
property of another, shall remove or make use of the fruits or
object of the damage caused by him; and
3. Any person who shall enter an enclosed estate or a field
where trespass is forbidden or which belongs to another and
without the consent of its owner, shall hunt or fish upon the
same or shall gather cereals, or other forest or farm products.
(Revised Penal Code, Article 308).
Alarms and scandal

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1.Any person who within any town or public place, shall
discharge any firearm,rocket,firecracker, or other explosive to
calculated to cause alarm or danger.
2.Any person who shall instigate or take an active part in any
charivari or other or prejudicial to public traquility.
3.Any person who, while wandering about at night or while
engaged in any other noctural amusements, shall disturb the
public peace; or
4.Any person who, while intoxicated or otherwise, shall cause
any disturbance or scandal in public places,provide that the
circumtances of the case shall not make the provisions of
article 153 applicable. (Revised penal Code,Article 155)
Serious Physical Injuries. Any person who shall wound, beat, or
assault another, shall be guilty of the crime of serious
physical injuries and shall suffer:
1. The penalty of prision mayor, if in consequence of the
physical injuries inflicted, the injured person shall become
insane, imbecile, impotent, or blind;
2. The penalty of prision correccional in its medium and
maximum periods, if in consequence of the physical injuries

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inflicted, the person injured shall have lost the use of speech
or the power to hear or to smell, or shall have lost an eye, a
hand, a foot, an arm, or a leg or shall have lost the use of any
such member, or shall have become incapacitated for the work in
which he was therefore habitually engaged;
3. The penalty of prision correccional in its minimum and
medium periods, if in consequence of the physical injuries
inflicted, the person injured shall have become deformed, or
shall have lost any other part of his body, or shall have lost
the use thereof, or shall have been ill or incapacitated for the
performance of the work in which he as habitually engaged for a
period of more than ninety days;
4. The penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period to
prision correccional in its minimum period, if the physical
injuries inflicted shall have caused the illness or incapacity
for labor of the injured person for more than thirty days.
(Revised Penal Code, Article 263)
Robbery. - Any person who, with intent to gain, shall take any
personal property belonging to another, by means of violence or
intimidation of any person, or using force upon anything shall
be guilty of robbery.(Revised Penal Code, Article 293)

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Murder. - Any person who, not falling within the provisions of
Article 246 shall kill another, shall be guilty of murder and
shall be punished by reclusion temporal in its maximum period to
death, if committed with any of the following attendant
circumstances:
1. With treachery, taking advantage of superior strength, with
the aid of armed men, or employing means to weaken the defense
or of means or persons to insure or afford impunity.
2. In consideration of a price, reward, or promise.
3. By means of inundation, fire, poison, explosion, shipwreck,
stranding of a vessel, derailment or assault upon a street car
or locomotive, fall of an airship, by means of motor vehicles,
or with the use of any other means involving great waste and
ruin.
4. On occasion of any of the calamities enumerated in the
preceding paragraph, or of an earthquake, eruption of a volcano,
destructive cyclone, epidemic or other public calamity.
5. With evident premeditation.

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6. With cruelty, by deliberately and inhumanly augmenting the
suffering of the victim, or outraging or scoffing at his person
or corpse. (Revised Penal Code, Article 248)
Homicide - Any person who, not falling within the provisions of
Article 246, shall kill another without the attendance of any of
the circumstances enumerated in the next preceding article,
shall be deemed guilty of homicide and be punished by reclusion
temporal. (Revised Penal Code, Article 249)
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165 AN ACT INSTITUTING THE COMPREHENSIVE
DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002, REPEALING REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6425,
OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 1972, AS AMENDED,
PROVIDING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
REPUBLIC ACT No. 10591 AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE LAW
ON FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION AND PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR
VIOLATIONS THEREOF
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1602. Any person other than those
referred to in the succeeding sub-sections who in any manner,
shall directly or indirectly take part in any illegal or
unauthorized activities or games of cockfighting, jueteng, jai
alai or horse racing to include bookie operations and game

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fixing, numbers, bingo and other forms of lotteries; cara y
cruz, pompiang and the like; 7-11 and any game using dice; black
jack, lucky nine, poker and its derivatives, monte, baccarat,
cuajao, pangguingue and other card games; paik que, high and
low, mahjong, domino and other games using plastic tiles and the
likes; slot machines, roulette, pinball and other mechanical
contraptions and devices; dog racing, boat racing, car racing
and other forms of races, basketball, boxing, volleyball,
bowling, pingpong and other forms of individual or team contests
to include game fixing, point shaving and other machinations;
banking or percentage game, or any other game scheme, whether
upon chance or skill, wherein wagers consisting of money,
articles of value or representative of value are at stake or
made.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10883 AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A NEW
ANTICARNAPPING LAW OF THE PHILIPPINES any motor vehicle is
found to have a serial number on its engine, engine block or
chassis which is different from that which is listed in the
records of the Bureau of Customs for motor vehicle imported into
the Philippines, that motor vehicle shall be considered to have
a defaced or tampered serial number.

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PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1612 "Fencing" is the act of any
person who, with intent to gain for himself or for another,
shall buy, receive, possess, keep, acquire, conceal, sell or
dispose of, or shall buy and sell, or in any other manner deal
in any article, item, object or anything of value which he
knows, or should be known to him, to have been derived from the
proceeds of the crime of robbery or theft.

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CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
Local Literature
In the Philippines, there are a number of crimes directly
related to urbanization that pose serious concern for the
government and civil society, foremost of these are street
crimes, illegal drug trafficking, robbery and theft, violent
crimes against women and children, and terrorism.
Street Crimes, the phenomenon of street crimes seem to include
almost all acts punishable by law that are committed on the
streets. These seem to cover all types of crimes such as a
person gunned down due to a traffic altercation, which
constitutes murder; peddling of illicit drugs on the streets or
using them as in the case of wayward youth sniffing solvents in
open view of people; rape in vacant lots or dark alleys;
kidnapping while walking or travelling by car; highway robbery
of armored vans and similar vehicles; theft of parked cars;
assault/threat; swindling; vagrancy; and prostitution.

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Countermeasures The Philippine National Police (PNP) is exerting
every effort to reduce the incidence of street crimes such as
robbery, hold-ups and theft, particularly in Metro Manila and
other highly urbanized areas, through heightened police
visibility and patrols, vigilance activities in cooperation with
the community including increased community relations
activities. The Police presence on the ground was intensified
through the implementation of the Community-Oriented Policing
System (COPS).
The concept of the Community Oriented Policing System was
launched in 1993 by the National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM)
and the Philippine National Police through the project Police-
Patrol “Lingkod Bayan”. It was institutionalized in 1994 through
a PNP Memorandum by making it one of the key result areas of
their National Strategic Action Plan. The passage of Republic
Act 8551, otherwise known as the PNP Reform and Reorganization
Act of 1998 further strengthened the COPS as it mandates the PNP
to be a community and service-oriented agency.
The Philippine National Police is committed to ensuring public
safety and reducing the fear and the incidence of crime in the
community. But there are many things each and every community
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member can do to reduce his or her chances of becoming a victim
or prevent the incidence of crime from happening. Below are
crime prevention tips for your home, your business, yourself and
your family.
We urge you to familiarize yourself with the information
contained in this section and to make crime prevention,
awareness and education a part of your everyday life.
Foreign literature
According to (Zamor, 2011), community is a group of
individuals which are connected to each other by one or more
characteristic(s). The essence of a group is that what makes
them link together. Certain segment of the population is united
by a familiar thread. As human beings, our need of a sense of
belonging is what connects us to many relationships we develop.
For him, community is where one finds the balance between
physical and mental wellbeing.
According to Celia V. Sanidad-Leones, lifestyle is
characterized as a set of habits, choices and customs
experienced by individuals throughout life. Among these habits
and choices are the ingestion of alcoholic beverages, smoking,

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diet, physical exercise and others. The absence of smoking, low
alcohol consumption and the practice of physical exercise are
associated with a better quality of life, there is also
considerable scientific interest in how other components such as
diet and social aspects influence the individual's perception of
their quality of life. Thus, in view of the possible influence
of lifestyle behaviors on quality of life,
Cause of crime in community - no one knows for sure what causes
crime. However, researchers have identified a number of factors
that typically are present in jurisdictions where crime rates
are high. These include poverty levels, job availability, police
policy and the average age of the population. Biological factors
are often the starting point for understanding criminal
behavior; the idea is that some people are psychologically
predisposed to committing crime. Even if that were true, it does
not explain why the crime rate varies so markedly in different
cities, counties and states.
No one knows for sure what causes crime. However, researchers
have identified a number of factors that influence crime rates
and typically are present in jurisdictions where crime rates are
high.
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Poverty Level and Job Availability - statistically, poverty goes
hand-in-hand with crime. Where poverty is prevalent in a
community, that community will experience higher levels of
crime.
Generally, it's not the poverty itself that leads to higher
crime rates but the factors associated with poverty, such as
chronic joblessness, less access to quality schools, employment,
role models and the real or perceived lack of opportunity. Crime
offers a way for less-advantaged people to access goods they may
not otherwise afford. Often, the prize outweighs the risk of
being caught, since impoverished people may believe they have
less to lose than does a wealthy person.
Social Level of Morality- different homes and communities have
different degrees of morality. In some families and communities,
deviant behavior is tolerated and encouraged. In others, even
minor transgressions are reported and corrected. People's
upbringing and social environment can shape their view of the
world and directly affect their decisions in the future.
For example, research shows that people who have been
physically, sexually or emotionally abused as children are three
times more likely than non-abused adults to commit acts of

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violence. In communities where crime is tolerated, a person may
commit a crime simply to fit in with his peers.
Age of the Population- there's a correlation between the crime
rate and the age of the population. Specifically, most crimes
are committed by people in their teens, 20s and 30s, especially
in areas where the population is both young and transient.
Violence in particular is a young man's crime; it has been said
that the most effective law enforcement tool is a 30th birthday.
Some commentators suggest that the country's aging population is
the primary reason why the U.S. crime rate has fallen in recent
years.
Causes Criminal Behavior - crime is something that impacts
everyone, whether directly as a victim or indirectly through
societal and economic costs. By understanding the causes of
criminal behavior, it may be possible to change some of the
factors and eliminate some criminal behavior. However, it is not
simple, and understanding the behavior of the criminal does not
necessarily eliminate criminal behavior.
Significance - criminal behavior also breaks down along gender
lines. Males are more likely, both historically and
sociologically, to be responsible for a majority of criminal

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behavior. In part this may be explained by hormonal differences,
with testosterone being a hormone linked to more violent and
risky behavior. Certain aspects of male social behavior may also
encourage this, such as the need to appear "tougher" which helps
legitimize violence. There are crimes that are more commonly
linked to women, such as prostitution, and in recent years the
number of women committing violent crimes has been on the rise.
Geography - the neighborhood where a person grows up also
influences the likelihood of criminal behavior. Although studies
of convicted criminals indicate a more frequent occurrence among
blue collar, lower economic status neighborhoods, these are
skewed by capture and conviction rates. Studies that rely on
self-reporting indicate that white collar citizens are just as
likely to engage in criminal behavior, but often of a different
nature. Gang members recruit within the local area, leading to a
higher incidence of violent crime, whereas substance abuse--
particularly certain drugs--may be higher in the suburbs.
Truly multidisciplinary, grounded in a wide-ranging review
of empirical research, it provides an overview of sociological
debates surrounding the idea of community and relating them to

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the part community plays in people's everyday conceptions of
identity.
Local Studies
According to the study of Mojica et al., 2017, entitled, “The
Spatial Analysis of Violent Crimes in Metro Manila,
Philippines”, both crime rates tend to cluster in the northern
cities of Metro Manila. Moreover, some demographic covariates,
such as population density, percentage of young males,
education, marriage, and immigration were found to be associated
with both crimes. Thus, according to them, it is recommended
that crime monitoring systems include them to aid in resource
allocation and program planning for better crime prevention and
security management.
According to Patalinghug, (2016), on Criminological
Approaches to Crime, criminality is thus not the behavior of the
physically abnormal, but an activity learned from social
interactions with others. This approach predicts that
individual’s propensity to commit crimes rises when his peers
and family members engage in criminal activities. Society places

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a high value on material success but fails to provide some
members of society the instruments to attain it. The individual
experiencing a gap between aspirations and achievement suffer is
“strain” and responder by engaging in crime.
Increasing one’s social status the existence of community
lifestyle will result to the decreasing and increasing crime
rate. (Arquillo et al., 2012)
Foreign Studies
The relationship between crime and communities has long been a
focal point of criminological and sociological investigation.
From the groundwork laid by the Chicago School in the 1920s, the
‘neighborhood effects’ literature has examined how neighborhood
context affects the individual-level behavior of residents as
well as the macro-level outcomes for neighborhoods such as crime
and violence. In particular, social disorganization theorists
argue that racial/ethnic composition, poverty, and residential
instability all influence the local crime rate by disrupting
residential networks that are protective factors against crime.
More recently, scholars have begun focusing on the possibility
that crime can also be an important catalyst for community
change.
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Increases in crime can have negative consequences for
neighborhoods, including increasing residential relocation
(Sampson and Weirs, 2011)
Crime is a part of any social system and known to human
communities since its origins. It differs from community to
another, even within one community it doesn’t occur equally in
all places and nor by the same way. It is also concentrated in
some places more than others, sometimes increases, sometimes
decreases, etc. Previous researches have proved that crime rate
has significant correlation with different social factors:
education levels, poverty rates and lack of social organization,
while others have drawn the attention to its relation with the
built environment. They proposed that crime occurs in places
where both opportunities and criminals are available. (Mahmound,
2013)
Synthesis of Data
The review of related literatures that were gathered in
this study emphasized that the study focuses in the correlation
of community lifestyle to crime occurrence in Family Village
Resources, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite from 2017-2018 and

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the researchers seek out from different books, articles and
websites considering the community lifestyle.
In foreign literature most people in today’s world rely on
community for practical purposes (Michelson). Community is a
group of individuals which are connected to each other by one or
more characteristics. Lifestyle is characterized as a set of
habits, choices and customs experienced by individuals
throughout life (Sanidad-Leones). They proposed that crime
occurs in places where both opportunities and criminals are
available. (Mahmound, 2013)
However, citing local literature, violent crimes in Metro
Manila, Philippines shows that both crime rates tend to cluster
in the northern cities of Metro Manila. (Mojica et al. 2017)
Criminality is thus not the behavior of the physically abnormal,
but an activity learned from social interactions with others.
(Patalinghug, 2016) Increasing one’s social status the existence
of community lifestyle will result to the decreasing and
increasing crime rate. (Arquillo et al., 2012)
Both foreign literatures, Studies and local literature, local
studies discussed the levels of community and what the community
has. The researchers develop that the community lifestyle in one

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place consists of different sets of habits, choices and customs
experienced by the members of the community throughout life
including increasing residential relocation that lead the crime
to occurs in a place where opportunities and criminal is
present. Nowadays, most people today choose the level of
community for practical purposes and because of the review of
literatures and studies they learned that the research gap is
the lack of knowledge on how community lifestyle affects the
residents in committing a crime.
In relation to the research being conducted, this research
will focus on the “Social Behavior of the members of the
community in relation to crime occurrence” and will be conducted
through interview and survey questionnaire.

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CHAPTER 3
Research Methodology
Research Design
This study will use descriptive research which describes
the characteristics of a population or phenomenon. This
addresses the “what” question. (Cynthia, 2014)
Population and Sampling
Table 1
Distribution of the Respondents as to Phase
Phase Number of Household Sample Percentage

Phase 1 360 40 11
Phase 2 360 40 11
Phase 3 360 40 11
Phase 4 360 40 11
Phase 5 360 40 11
Total: 1800 200 11
______________________________________________________________
This research will use the random sampling technique.
The Random Sampling Technique will be used in this study to
determine the target population. 30% will be utilized and 1

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household members will be chosen in every house that will be
involve in the study.
This study is about the community lifestyle and crime
Cavite, thus the respondents must be the people of the said
community.
Respondents of the Study The respondents of this study are
those who are members of the community in Family Village
Resources, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite which is conducting
the research community lifestyle and crime occurrence in the
said community. The chosen community represents the vicinity of
Barangay Poblacion 5, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite.
Family Village Resources is divided from Phase 1 to Phase 5. For
each phase, residents were selected to answer the survey
questionnaire that encompasses their demographic profile which
includes their age, gender, year of residency, educational
attainment, occupation and civil status.

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Research Instrument
To gather the desired information needed in the research,
interview, survey questionnaire, library research and internet
sources were used to determine the community lifestyle and crime
occurrence and will serve as the basis for the construction of
questionnaire which was the community lifestyle and crime
Cavite. The construction of the questionnaire will be based on
the problems raised.
The research instrument composed only of Part 1 which is the
demographic profile of the respondents such as age, sex, civil
status, years of residency, number of household members,
educational attainment, occupation and total family income per
month.
Date Gathering Procedure
The following procedure where used in collecting the
data and information desired.
1. A request letter was prepared by the researchers that
addressed to Barangay, Poblacion 5 to get the total
population of Family Village Resources which is the main

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community of this research to administer the survey
questionnaire to the respondents.
2. A request letter was prepared by the researchers that
addressed to Chief of Police of General Mariano Alvarez,
Cavite to get recorded crime rates in FVR, Barangay,
Poblacion 5.
3. The researchers conducted interview to the respondents of
Family Village Resources, Barangay Poblacion 5, General
Mariano Alvarez, Cavite for the formulation of questions for
conducting the survey questionnaire and subjected for the
review of research adviser and research instructor.
4. After the approval of the final form of the instrument, it
will be distributed to random respondents of Family Village
Resources, Barangay Poblacion 5, General Mariano Alvarez,
Cavite. Upon the distribution of questionnaire, the
researcher will explain fully the instructions and analyze
attentively before answering the questionnaire. The
respondents will be given couple of days to complete the
said questionnaire.
5. Said questionnaire will be retrieved after two (2) days.
6. After a couple of days given to respondents to complete the
said questionnaire it will be retrieved the Family Village

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Resources Barangay Poblacion 5 General Mariano Alvarez,
Cavite.
7. The gathered data were analyzed and interpreted to come up
with conclusion and recommendations.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The data to be gathered in this study will be subjected
to the following statistical in treating the data:
Frequency Distribution
Frequency distribution is used to determine the response of the
respondents that are involved in the study and the percentage
are also used to determine the demographic profile of the
respondents.
Formula:
P= Fx100
N
Where:
P = Percentage
F = Frequency
N = Total Number of Respondents
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Weighted Mean
It is the most common type of average, where instead of each
data points contributing equally to the final average, some data
points contribute more than others. The researchers will use the
likert scale as the scaling procedure of the research.
_
X= W1X1 + W2X2 + … + WnXn
W1 + W2 + … + Wn
Where:
x = repeating value
w = number of occurrences of x (weight)

_
x = weighted mean
Measuring Scale of Examination Process for Community Lifestyle
and Crime Occurrences in Family Village Resources, General
Mariano Alvarez, Cavite.
R-Value Descriptive Meaning

3.50 – 4.0 Very Comfortable
2.50 – 3.49 Comfortable
1.50 – 2.49 Uncomfortable
1 - 1.49 Very Uncomfortable
The measuring scale is designed to aid the respondents to make
an easy evaluation of the questions in the survey questionnaires

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given to them, as well as to determine if there is a significant
relationship between community lifestyle and crime occurrences.
Chi- Square Test
The one-sample test of independence is different from the
homogeneity. The sample used in this test consists of number
randomly drawn from the same population. This test is used to
look into whether measure taken on two criterion variable are
either independent or associated with one in a given population
using used variable as level of education and income,
performance in class and IQ etc. the calculation of this test is
similar to the test of goodness-of-fit and the test of
homogeneity.
The formula is:
X2 = ∑ (0-E)2
E
Where:
X2 = Chi-square test
0 = observed frequency
E = expected frequencies
∑ = summation
CHAPTER 4
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Presentation, Analysis, and
Interpretation of Data
This chapter presents the data gathered, the results of the
statistical analysis done and interpretation of findings. This
are presented in table following the sequences of the specific
research problem regarding the community lifestyle and crime
occurrences in Family Village Resources General Mariano Alvarez,
Cavite.
Sub-problem No.1 What are the profile of the respondents in
terms of:
Table 2
Profile of the respondents in terms of numbers of
household members.
Criteria Frequency Percent Rank
1-3 31 15.5% 3
4-6 105 52.5% 1
7-10 46 23.0% 2
11-14 14 7.0% 4
15-18 4 2.0% 5
Total 200 100.0
As shown in the table, the distribution of respondents as to
their numbers of household members, 4 to 6 members got the

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highest frequency of 105 with a percentage of 52.5 while from
15-18 got the lowest frequency of 4 with a percentage of 2.0
1.2 Sex
Table 3
Profile of the respondents in terms of their Sex
Female 84 42.0% 2
Male 116 58.0% 1
Total 200 100.0
their sex, male got the highest frequency of 116 with a
percentage of 58.0 while female got the lowest frequency of 84
with a percentage of 42.0. This implies that criminal behavior
also breaks down along gender lines. According to Celia V.
Sanidad-Leones, males are more likely, both historically and
sociologically, to be responsible for a majority of criminal
behavior.
Table 4
Profile of the respondents in terms of Years of their Residency.
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Less than 3 year 32 16.0% 3
4-6 years 21 10.0% 4
7-9 years 19 9.5% 5
10-12 years 40 20.0% 2
13 and above 88 44.0% 1
Total 200 100.0
their years of residency, 13 – above got the highest frequency
of 88 with a percentage of 44.0 while from 7-9 years got the
lowest frequency of 19 with a percentage of 9.5
1.4 Occupation
Table 5
Profile of the respondents in terms of Occupation
Employed 84 42.0% 2
Unemployed 116 58.0% 1
Total 200 100.0
As shown in the table, the distribution of respondents in terms
of occupation, unemployed got the highest frequency of 116 with
a percentage of 58.0 while employed got the lowest frequency of
84 with a percentage of 42.0

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Table 6
Profile of the respondents in terms of Educational Attainment
College student 51 25.5% 2
Technical/Vocational 30 15.5% 3
Course
High School Graduate 96 48.0% 1
Elementary Graduate 18 9.0% 4
Others 5 2.5% 5
Total 200 100.0
of their educational attainment, high school graduate got the
highest frequency of 96 with a percentage of 48.0 while others
got the lowest frequency of 5 with a percentage of 2.5.
1.6. Age
Table 7
Profile of the respondents in terms of their Age
15-20 16 8.0% 6
21-25 44 22.0% 1
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26-30 27 13.5% 2.5

31-35 15 7.5% 7
36-40 19 9.5% 4
41-45 27 13.5% 2.5
46-50 20 10.0% 5
51-55 14 7.0% 8
56-60 13 6.5% 9
61 and above 5 2.5% 10
Total 200 100.0
Under the age ranging from 21-25 years old, it got the highest
frequency of 44 and a percentage of 22.0 while age ranging from
61- above got the lowest frequency of 5 and a percentage of
2.5%. This implies that age ranging 21 to 25 is more dominant
compared to elders. According to Celia V. Sanidad-Leones, most
crimes are committed by people in their teens, 20s and 30s,
especially in areas where the population is both young and
transient.
1.7. Civil Status
Table 8
Profile of the respondents in terms of their Civil Status
Single 123 61.5% 1
Married 77 38.5% 2
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Total 200 100.0%
of their civil status, single got the highest frequency of 123
with a percentage of 61.5 while married got the lowest frequency
of 77 with a percentage of 38.5
1.8 Total family income per month.
Table 9
Profile of the respondents in terms of their total family income
per month
5,000 below 91 45.5% 1
5,001-10,000 44 22.0% 2
10,001-15,000 35 17.5% 3
15,001-25,000 26 13.0% 4
25,001-40,000 4 2.0% 5
Total 200 100.0%
As shown in the table above, the distribution of respondents in
terms of their total monthly income, 5000 below got the highest
frequency of 91 with a percentage of 45.5 while income ranging
from 25,000 – 40,000 got the lowest frequency of 4 with a
percentage of 2.0. This implies that people in FVR, commonly
their salary or income are low.

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Sub-Problem No.2 How do the respondents describe their community

lifestyle in terms of:

Table 10
The respondents describe their community lifestyle in terms of
Routinary Activities
Criteria Weighted Verbal Rank

Mean Interpretation
a.Waking up 3.09 Comfortable 2
b. Eating 3.16 Comfortable 1
c. Bathing, Toileting 3.03 Comfortable 3
d. Dressing, Grooming 3.00 Comfortable 4
e. Going to the Market 2.73 Comfortable 7
f. Preparation for meal 2.90 Comfortable 5
g. Going to school 2.75 Comfortable 6
h. Going to work 2.68 Comfortable 8
i. Rest 2.58 Comfortable 9
Table 10, Continued

Mean Interpretation
j. Sleep at night 2.54 Comfortable 10
k. Walking at Night Time 2.30 Uncomfortable 11
Composite Weighted mean 2.80 Comfortable

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As shown in the table above, the respondents describe their
community lifestyle in terms of Routinary Activities was
comfortable with a composite weighted mean of 2.80
2.2. Social Activities
Table 11

Social Activities

Mean Interpretation
a.Playing sports 2.62 Comfortable 1.5
b. Social gatherings 2.62 Comfortable 1.5
(celebrations
occassions)
c. Drinking liquor 2.33 Uncomfortable 5
during weekends
and whenever the
salary is given
Table 11, Continued

Mean Interpretation
d. Playing games 2.47 Uncomfortable 4
e. Shopping 2.48 Uncomfortable 3
f. Sightseeing in 2.27 Uncomfortable 6
your community
Composite Weighted Mean 2.46 Uncomfortable

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community lifestyle in terms of Social Activities was Uncomfortable
with a composite weighted mean of 2.46
2.3. Physical Activities
Table 12
Physical Activities.

Mean Interpretation
a.Exercise (Zumba, 2.53 Comfortable 2
fitness work-out, etc.)
b.Outdoor walking 2.49 Uncomfortable 3
c.Doing household 2.77 Comfortable 1
chores
d.Playing at the park 2.40 Uncomfortable 4
or in the court
Composite Weighted Mean 2.55 Comfortable
community lifestyle in terms of Physical Activities was comfortable
with a composite weighted mean of 2.55.
2.4. Occupation-based activities

Table 13

Occupation-based activities

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Mean Interpretation
a.Manufacture of 2.47 Uncomfortable 9
smoked fish
b.Groceries Stores 2.62 Comfortable 3
c.Barber Shops 2.60 Comfortable 4.5
d.Computer Shops 2.54 Comfortable 6
e.Tricycle Service (TODA)2.71 Comfortable 1
f.Karinderia’s 2.60 Comfortable 4.5
g.Market (Selling 2.65 Comfortable 2
vegetables, meat, etc)
h.Vendors 2.48 Uncomfortable 8
i.Junkshops 2.49 Uncomfortable 7
community lifestyle in terms of Occupation-Based Activities was
comfortable with a composite weighted mean of 2.57
2.5. Religious activities
Table 14

Religious activities

Mean Interpretation
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a. Going to Church 3.21 Comfortable 1

b. Priest Counseling 2.93 Comfortable 3
c. Praying before meal 2.98 Comfortable 2
and before go to bed
community lifestyle in terms of Religious Activities was
Comfortable with a composite weighted mean of 3.04
2.6. Health activities
Table 15
Health activities
Mean Interpretation
a. Vaccination (Polio, 2.36 Uncomfortable 1
Dengeu, etc)
b.Check-up (for Pregnant, 2.35 Uncomfortable 2
new born, etc
Composite Weighted Mean 2.35 Uncomfortable
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community lifestyle in terms of Health Activities as
Uncomfortable with a composite weighted mean of 2.35
Sub-Problem No.3 Common crimes committed in Family Village
Resources.
3.1 Crimes against Property
Table 16
Common crimes committed in Family Village Resources in terms of
Crimes against Property
Mean Interpretation
a. Robbery 4 80.0 1
b. Theft 1 20.0 2
Total 5 100.0
In the table shown above, Crimes against property, between

robbery and theft, robbery got the highest rank of 1 with a mean
of 4 and interpretation of 80 while theft got the lowest rank of
2 with a mean of 1 and interpretation of 20.
3.2 Crimes against Person
Table 17
Common crimes committed in family village resources in terms of
Crimes against Person
Mean Interpretation
Murder 1 14.3 2.5
Homicide 5 71.4 1
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Serious 1 14.3 2.5

Physical Injury
Total 7 100.0
In the table shown above, in terms of Crimes against Person,
homicide got the highest rank of 1 with a mean of 5 and
interpretation of 71.4 while murder and serious physical injury
got the lowest rank of 2.5 with the same mean of 1 and
interpretation of 14.3
3.3 Crimes against Public Order
Table 18
Common crimes committed in family village resources in terms

Crimes against Public Order

Mean Interpretation
Alarm Scandal 1 11.3 3
Direct Assault 3 33.3 2
Disturbance
Of Public order 5 55.6 1
Total 9 100.0
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In the table shown above, disturbances of public order got the

highest rank of 1 with a mean of 5 and interpretation of 55.6
while direct assault got the second rank with a mean of 3 and
interpretation of 33.3 and alarm and scandal got the lowest rank
of 3 with a mean of 1 and interpretation of 11.3
3.4 Violation of Special Laws
Table 19
Common crimes committed in Family Village Resources in terms of

Violation of Special Laws

Mean Interpretation
R.A 9165
“Comprehensive Dangerous
Drugs Act of 2002” 21 63.6 1
R.A 10591
Table 19, Continued
Mean Interpretation
“Comprehensive Firearms 4 12.1 3

and Ammunition”
P.D 1602
“Illegal Gambling” 1 18.2 2
R.A 10883
“New Anti-Carnapping 1 3.0 4.5
Act”
P.D 1612
“Anti-Fencing Law of 1 3.0 4.5
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1979”
Total 33 100.0 4.5
In the table shown above, R.A 9165 “Comprehensive Dangerous Drug
of 2002” got the highest rank of 1 with a mean of 21 and
interpretation of 63.6 while P.D 1612 “Illegal Gambling” and
Republic Act 10883 “New Anti- Carnapping Act” got the lowest rank
of 4.5 with a mean of 1 and interpretation of 3.0
Sub-problem No.4 Is there a significant relationship between
community lifestyle to crime occurrences in Family Village
Resources, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite?
Table 20
Relationship between Community Lifestyle and Crime Occurrences

in Family Village Resources, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite
Criteria x2 degrees p-
Of Freedom Value Decision Interpretation
Crimes against 5.000 2 0.082 Accept No-Significant
Property vs
Crimes Against 1.875 2 0.392 Accept No-Significant
Property vs
Social Activities

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Property vs
Physical Activities
Property vs
Occupation Activities
Property vs
Religious Activities
Crime Against 1.875 2 0.392 Accept No-Significant
Property vs
Health Activities
Legend: df(2) = 4.605, df(3) = 6.251
Table 20 Shows that X2- computed value of Crimes against
property and Routinary Activities is 5.000 with a p-value of
0.082, Crimes against property and Social Activities is 1.875
with a p-value of 0. 392, Crimes against property and Physical
Activities is 0.833 with a p-value of 0.659, Crimes against
property and Occupation-based activities is 1.875 with a p-value
of 0.392, and Crimes against property and Health activities is
1.875 with a p-value of 0.392 and Crimes against property and
Religious activities 5.000 with a p-value of 0.172 are all less
than X2- tabular value of 4.605 at 0.5 level of significance
difference with 2 degrees of freedom and X 2- tabular value of

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6,605, the null hypothesis is Accept in favor of the research
hypothesis which means that there is no a significant
relationship between community lifestyle and crime occurrences
in Family Village Resources, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite.
Table 21
Relationship between community lifestyle and crime occurrences

Crimes against 2.800 4 0.592 Accept No Significant
Person vs
Crimes Against 4.200 4 0.380 Accept No Significant
Person vs
Social Activities
Person vs
Physical Activities
Crimes Against
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Person vs 3.773 4 0.231 Accept No Significant
Occupation Activities
Person vs
Crime Against 5.600 6 0.469 Accept No Significant
Person vs
Health Activities
Legend: df(4) = 7.779, df(6) = 10.645
Table 21 shows that X2- computed value of Crimes against person
and Routinary Activities is 2.800 with a p-value of 0.592 while
Crimes against Person and Social Activities is 4.200 with a p-
value of 0.380, Crimes against Person and Physical Activities
is 5.600 with a p-value of 0.231 while Crimes against Person and
Occupation-Based Activities is 3.773 with a p-value of 0.231,
and Crimes against Person and Health activities is 5.600 with a
p-value of 0.469 and Crimes against Person and Religious
activities is 8.400 with a p-value of 0.210 are all less than X 2-
tabular value of 7.779 at 0.5 level of significance difference
with 4 degrees of freedom and X2- tabular value of 6,605, the
null hypothesis is Accept in favor of the research hypothesis,

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which means that there is no a significant relationship between
community lifestyle to crime occurrence in Family Village
Resources, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite.
Table 22
Relationship between Community Lifestyle and Crime Occurrences

Crimes against 4.960 4 0.291 Accept No-Significant
Public Order vs
Public Order vs
Social Activities
Public Order vs
Physical Activities

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Public Order
Vs Occupation Activities
Crimes Against 13.20 4 0.040 Accept Significant
Public Order vs
Crime Against 6.400 6 0.380 Accept No-Significant
Public Order vs
Health Activities
Table 22 Shows that X2- computed value of Crimes against
public order and Routinary Activities is 4.960 with a p-value of
0.291, Crimes against public order and Social Activities is
6.700 with a p-value of 0.153, Crimes against public order and
Physical Activities is 7.200 with a p-value of 0.126, Crimes
against public order and Occupation-based activities is 2.400
with a p-value of 0.663, and Crimes against public order and
Health activities is 6.400 with a p-value of 0.380 are all less
than X2- tabular value of 4.605 at 0.5 level of significance
difference with 2 degrees of freedom and X 2- tabular value of
6,605, the null hypothesis is Accept in favor of the research
hypothesis. Which means that there is no a significant
relationship between community lifestyle to crime occurrence in
Family Village Resources, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite

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However, the X2- computed value of Crimes against public order
and Religious activities 13.20 with a p-value of 0.040 is
greater than X2- tabular value of 10.645 at 0.5 level of
significance difference with 6 degrees of freedom, the null
hypothesis is Reject in favor of the research hypothesis. Which
means that there is a significant relationship between community
lifestyle to crime occurrence in Family Village Resources,
Table 23
Relationship between community lifestyle and crime occurrences

Violation of 14.059 8 0.080 Accept No-Significant
Special law vs
Routinary
Activities
Special laws vs
Social
Activities
Special Laws vs
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Physical
Activities
Special Laws vs
Occupation
Based Activities
Special Laws vs
Religious
Activies
Table 23, Continued
Special laws vs
Health
Activities
Legend: df(8) = 13.362, df(12) = 18.549
Table 23 shows that X2- computed value of Violation of Special
Laws and Routinary Activities is 14.059 with a p-value of 0.080
while, Violation of Special Laws and Social Activities is 10.501
with a p-value of 0.232, Violation of Special Laws and Physical
Activities is 5.159 with a p-value of 0.952, Violation of

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CAVITE CAMPUS
Special Laws and Occupation-based activities is 6.129 with a p-
value of 0.909, and Violation of Special Laws and Health
activities is 7.018 with a p-value of 0.856 are all less than X 2-
with 2 degrees of freedom and X2- tabular value of 6,605, the
null hypothesis is Accept in favor of the research hypothesis.
Which means that there is no a significant relationship between
community lifestyle to crime occurrence in Family Village
Resources, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite. However, the X2-
computed value of Crimes against public order and Religious
activities 13.20 with a p-value of 0.040 is greater than X2-
with 6 degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis is Reject in
favor of the research hypothesis. Which means that there is a
significant relationship between community lifestyle and crime
occurrences in Family Village Resources, General Mariano
Alvarez, Cavite.
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CAVITE CAMPUS
CHAPTER 5
Summary, Conclusion, and
Recommendations
This chapter presents the summary of the findings, so
conclusion drawn from the findings and the corresponding
recommendations.
This study was taken with the general objective of
determining the relationship of community lifestyle and crime

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CAVITE CAMPUS
Alvarez, Cavite.
Summary
The salient findings of the study are as follows:
1. On the profile of the respondents in terms of:
This was assessed that the largest members are from 4 to 6
members with a frequency of 105 or a percentage of 52.5%
1.2 Sex
This was assessed that male got the largest group with
a frequency of 116 or a percentage of 58.0
This was assessed that the largest group is from 13 and
above with a frequency of 88 or a percentage of 44.0
1.3 Occupation
This was assessed that the largest group was unemployed
with a frequency of 116 or a percentage of 58.0%
This was assesed that the largest group was high school
graduate with a frequency of 96 or a percentage of 48.0%

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CAVITE CAMPUS
1.5 Age
This was assessed that the largest group was found on the
age bracket of 21 years old to 25 years old, with a
frequency of 44 or a percentage of 22.0%
1.6 Civil Status
This was assessed that the largest group was single with a
1.7 Total Family Income per Month
This was assessed by…., the distribution of respondents,
the largest group was income ranging from 5000 below with a
2. On how the respondents describe their community lifestyle
in terms of:
This was assessed that the respondents describe their

community lifestyle was comfortable with a mean of 2.80
2.2 Social Activities

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CAVITE CAMPUS
community lifestyle in terms of Social Activities was
Uncomfortable with a mean of 2.46.
2.3 Physical Activities
This was assessed the respondents describe their
community lifestyle in terms of Physical Activities was
comfortable with a mean of 2.55.
2.4 Occupation-Based Activities
This was assessed the respondents describe their
community lifestyle in terms of Occupation-Based Activities was
comfortable with a mean of 2.57
2.5 Religious Activities

community lifestyle in terms of Religious Activities was
Comfortable with a mean of 3.04
2.6 Health Activities
This was assessed that the respondents describe

their community lifestyle in terms of Health Activities as
Uncomfortable with a mean of 2.35
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CAVITE CAMPUS
3. Common crimes committed in Family Village Resources,
3.1 Crimes against property
This was assessed that robbery got the highest rank
of 1 with a mean of 4 and interpretation of 80.
3.2 Crimes against person
This was assessed that homicide got the highest rank of 1
with a mean of 5 and interpretation of 71.4
3.3 Crimes against public order
This was assessed that disturbances of public order
got the highest rank of 1 with a mean of 5 and interpretation
of 55.6
3.4 Violation of Special laws
This was assessed that Republic Act No. 9165 also
known as “Comprehensive Dangerous Drug of 2002” got the highest
rank of 1 with a mean of 21 and interpretation of 63.6

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CAVITE CAMPUS
4. Is there a significant relationship between community
lifestyle to crime occurrences in Family Village Resources,
General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite?
This was assessed that there is no significant
relationship between community lifestyle and crime occurrences
in Family Village Resources, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite in
terms of Crimes against Property, Crimes against Person, Crimes
against and Crimes against Public Order while Violation of
Special Laws specially, Republic Act No. 9165 also known as
“Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002” there is a
significant relationship between community lifestyle and crime
Alvarez, Cavite
5. Based on the findings, what action plan can be proposed to
the community to decrease crime.
This was assessed that community intervention
programs and awareness should be proposed in in Family
Village Resources, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite to
decrease crime in the said community.
Conclusions
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CAVITE CAMPUS
Based on the findings of the study, the following
conclusions are drawn:
1. The largest group in the community are male with the age
ranging from 21-25, single, unemployed and mostly high
school graduate.
2. The respondents describe their community lifestyle as
comfortable.
3. Mostly, the common crime committed is Violation of Special
Law, Republic Act No. 9165 also known as “Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002”.
4. There is no significant relationship between community
lifestyle and crime occurrences in Family Village Resources,
5. Community intervention programs and awareness should be
proposed in in Family Village Resources, General Mariano
Alvarez, Cavite to decrease crime in the said community.
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusions presented, the
following recommendations are suggested:

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CAVITE CAMPUS
1. Putting more street lights on dark places or alleys on
avoiding in committing a crime and the barangay officials
must deploy more patrols during night.
2. Install CCTVs on entrance and exit point of the Barangay.
3. The officials or authorities in Barangay should guide
their residents to provide them with updated needs of the
community like “Kasalang Bayan”, Medical Mission and Tree
Planting and others to give the residents the opportunities
to participate in barangay activities and to keep them away
in engaging of committing crime.
4. It is highly recommended that Barangay of Family Village
Resources, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite should conduct
more community projects, programs and seminars about
prevention of crimes.
5. Generally, dissemination of information regarding the Laws
of our country, rules and regulations and must be regularly
conducted and improved their means of living.

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Republic of the Philippines

EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ

Community Lifestyle and Crime Occurrences

Family Village Resources,

General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite.

The Problem and Its Background

According to Graham Day, community continues to be a persistent

theme in political, philosophical and policy debates. The idea

of community poses fundamental questions about social inclusion

and exclusion, particularly versus general interests, identity,

belonging and extensive theoretical literature in the social

sciences. There is a rich body of social research aimed at

exploring the nature of community, and evaluating its

contribution to people's lives and well-being.

Community is classified into three (3), the lower class, middle

class, working class and upper class. Lower class is typified

by poverty, homelessness and unemployment. People of this class,

few of whom have finished high school, suffer from lack of

medical care, adequate housing and food, decent clothing, safety

and vocational training. The media often stigmatize the lower

class as “the underclass,” inaccurately characterizing poor

people as welfare mothers who abuse the system by having more

not, drug abusers, criminals and societal “trash.” The middle

according to wealth, education and prestige. The lower middle

class where Family Village Resources is classified, this is

often made up of less educated people with lower incomes, such

as manager, small business owners, teachers and secretaries. The

upper middle class is often made up of highly educated business

and professional people with high incomes, such as doctors,

lawyers, stockbrokers and CEOs. The working class are those

minimally educated people who engage in “manual labor” with

little or no prestige. Unskilled workers in the class-

dishwashers, cashiers, maids and waitresses-usually are

underpaid and have no opportunity for career advancement they

are often called the working poor. Skilled workers in this

class-carpenters, plumbers and electricians are often called

middle class such assecretaries, teachers and computer

technicians; however, their jobs are usually more physically

taxing and in some cases quite dangerous, “new money,” or money

made from investments, business ventures, and so forth. The

upper class includes those aristocratic and “high society”

inherited riches. The upper-upper class is more prestigious than

the lower-upper class. Wherever their money comes from, both

segments of the upper class are exceptionally rich. Both groups

them with much leisure time for cultivating a variety of

interest. They live in exclusive neighborhoods, gather at

expensive social clubs, and send their children to the finest

schools. As might be expected, they also exercise a great deal

of influence and power both nationally and globally.

Most of the population in the Philippines is still young, with

cultural diversity in this country due to presence of many

religions, ethnic groups, etc., makes it an interesting place to

live in. Most people in the Philippines are Roman Catholics.

Life in the Philippines generally revolves around family,

parents, friends and relatives. Many people live in extended

families including uncles, aunts, grandparents and cousins, etc.

and importance of family is paramount in the culture and

lifestyle of people. On most of the main festivals and events,

members of extended families meet and gather to celebrate

together. In daily life, Filipinos love going out, socializing

of meeting for people are in the markets, most of the local

markets in the country are generally crowded and colorful.