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‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‪ ‬‬

‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻳﮏ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﻣﺨﺰﻧﻲ )‪ (Continuous‬ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺰﻥ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺷﮑﻞ‬
‫‪-2‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ))‪continuous-non‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪-1‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻱ )‪(Stagewise‬‬
‫‪-2‬ﺩﻳﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻠﻲ)‪(Differential‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻱ)‪(Stagewise‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺫﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﮑﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮﺍﺯﻫﺮﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺭﺍﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻠﻲ )‪(Differential‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺩﺭﻫﺮﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻠﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﻪ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮﺯﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﮏ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺩﻳﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘ‪.‬ﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻱ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﭘﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ﻧﺎﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ )‪(Batch‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ﻧﺎﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻇﺮﻑ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﻲ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪-1‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺻﻨﻐﺘﻲ‬
‫‪-2‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺗﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫‪-3‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬
‫‪-4‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ )‪ (Batch‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺎ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ )ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ( ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮐﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻳﮏ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻱ ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻭ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺐ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ)‪(CSTR‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻳﮏ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺰﺩﻥ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﺬﮐﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Mixed‬ﻳﺎ ‪CSTR‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻫﻤﺰﻥ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﮎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳﺮ ﻇﺮﻑ ﭘﺮﺍﮐﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ‬
‫ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ )ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ( ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻲ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬
‫)ﻳﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﮑﻲ( ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻳﮑﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ)‪(Plug‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻵ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫)ﭼﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﮎ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ( ﻭﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺯﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺂ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻞ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺩﺍﻍ )‪(Spot Hot‬‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ‪ Plug‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮐﻠﻴﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻴﭻ ﺫﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺫﺭﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﺒﻘﺖ ﻧﻤﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻋﻘﺐ ﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻳﻢ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻳﮏ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ )ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ( ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ‪.‬ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ )ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻣﻴﺰﻱ ﭘﺲ( ‪Back Mixing‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Plug‬ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺫﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ )‪ (Distributed‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ )‪(Reactor Recycle‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ‪ Mixed‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻣﺮﻱ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﮏ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ‪ Mixed‬ﺍﺛﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﮏ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ‪ Plug‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻵ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻲ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻲ ﻳﮏ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ‪ Mixed‬ﺳﻮﻕ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻵ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪-1‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺗﻮﮐﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺰﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺰﻥ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻶ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺸﻲ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺰﻥ )ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ( ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪-2‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻫﻢ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-3‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﺸﮑﻞ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ )ﻣﺎﮐﺰﻳﻤﻢ( ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ )‪ ،(Selectivity‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﺍﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‪:‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﺴﻦ ﺣﻴﺪﺭﻱ‬

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‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﺛﺒﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪:‬‬

‫‪parvaz2006‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭﺝ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺭﺍﯾﮕﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺁﻧﻼﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯽ ﺩﯼ ﺍﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ‬

‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ‪ :‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺝ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﺭﺍﯾﮕﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺛﺒﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘ‪.‬ﮑﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﺍﺯﺩﯾﺎﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﺻﺤﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﯿﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺩﺭﺝ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‬

‫ﺁﮔﻬﯽ ﺭﺍﯾﮕﺎﻥ | ﺗﺒﻠﯿﻐﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ | ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪﯾﻬﺎ | ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ‬

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