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Damonsystembydranalhaqshaikh 190423132606 PDF
Damonsystembydranalhaqshaikh 190423132606 PDF
2 ND YEAR PG
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 2
CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Self ligating brackets
• Damon System
• Damon Philosophy
• Biomechanics and Cellular Biology
• Damon Q Torque Prescription
• Damon Q Opening and Closing technique
• Disarticulation and Damon System
• Managing Anchorage 3
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH
CONTENTS
• Bracket Positioning
• Pitts Protocol for Bracket Positioning
• Archwires
• Elastics
• Stability of Damon System
• Summary
• References
4
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH
Introduction
• Orthodontics is an Art and Science.
• Orthodontic science always strived hard to deliver the best
possible, both the patient and practicing Orthodontist.
• PEA helped us to move the teeth more predictably, but
certain drawbacks associated with conventional ‘ligation’
slows down the phase considerably.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 5
• At the present day SLBs are primarily developed and used
with the concept of low friction at “bracket – Arch wire”
interface; because of which Light forces generated by
copper NiTi wires are so successful in bringing about
levelling, aligning and de crowding.
Self Ligating Brackets
• “Self ligation brackets are ligature less bracket system that
have a mechanical device built into the bracket to close off
the edgewise slot.”
• The cap holds the archwire in the bracket slot and replaces
the steel/elastomeric ligature. With the self-ligation
brackets the movable fourth wall of the bracket is used to
convert the slot into a tube.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 7
“A bracket, which utilizes a permanently
installed , moveable component to entrap the arch wire”
Classify
ACT I VE CL I P S PA S S I VE S L I D E
Active and passive self-ligation refer to the action of the locking slide or clip on the wire.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 8
Active Clip
• It uses a flexible component to entrap the arch wire .
• This flexible component constrains the arch wire in the
arch wire slot and has the ability to store and
subsequently release energy through elastic deflection.
• This gentle action imparts a light but continuous level of
force on the tooth and supporting structures
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 9
Passive Slides
• It uses the rigid movable
component to entrap the arch
wire.
• Tooth control is determined
solely by the fit between
bracket slot and arch wire .
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 10
Properties of an Ideal Ligation System
• Be secure and robust,
• Ensure full bracket engagement of the archwire,
• Exhibit low friction between bracket and archwire,
• Be quick and easy to use,
• Permit easy attachment of elastic chain,
• Assist good oral hygiene, and
• Be comfortable for the patient.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 11
DAMON SYSTEM
• The Damon System (Ormco Corp., 1332 South Lone Hill
Ave., Glendora, CA 91740-0000) is a passive self-ligation
system that was originally introduced in 1994.
• The Damon philosophy is based on the principle of using
just enough force to initiate tooth movement—the
threshold force.
• A passive self-ligation mechanism has the lowest frictional
resistance of any ligation system.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 12
• Thus the forces generated by the archwire are transmitted
directly to the teeth and supporting structures without
absorption or transformation by the ligature system.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 14
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 15
The damon system arsenal:
1. Damon SL (1996)
2. Damon 2 (2000)
3. Damon 3 (2004)
4. Damon 3MX (2005)
5. Damon Q™ (2009)
6. Damon Clear – ceramic variant
7. Insignia
8. Damon Q2 (2017)
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 16
• To quote Dr Damon : Over the past few years, I have had
the opportunity to lecture in many parts of the world. It is
very interesting and informative to observe the reaction of
clinicians when exposed to a “new way of looking at our
clinical force systems.”
• After spending nearly 20 years, carefully evaluating the
rationale of my clinical mechanics, it became very apparent
that I was using the force system that was simply not
“biologically sensible”.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 17
• It made very little sense to be using a bracket system to
move teeth along an arch wire that was tightly tied.
• To overpower this binding and friction, we have found it
nearly impossible to use forces that are consistent with
biologic principles of tooth movement.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 18
Clin Orthod Res. 1998 Aug;1(1):52-61.
Abstract
There is ample evidence in the literature that conventional orthodontic mechanics
while intended to move teeth efficiently rarely achieve atraumatic remodeling of
periodontal tissues. The vascular supply is often interrupted, which in turn affects the
oxidative metabolism. Moreover, teeth splinted in groups do not appear to move as
efficiently as single teeth. The novel bracket design and treatment regimen described
in this report allow teeth to move individually, yet stay within a group.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 19
The self-ligating bracket design allows for rapid leveling because teeth drift along the
path of least resistance with little or no friction between the bracket and slot of the
wire. The hinge mechanism eliminates much of the friction created by the
conventional wire or latex ties used to secure the archwire in the bracket slot.
This system is capable of increasing the appointment intervals, and possibly reducing
the overall treatment time.
PMID: 9918646
[Indexed for MEDLINE]
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 20
3 Pillars of Damon System Bio-adaptive
Therapy
• Passive Self-Ligating Brackets – Low friction, improved
comfort, better hygiene
• New Wire Technology – Lighter forces, fewer
adjustments
• Minimally Invasive Mechanics – Far fewer
extractions and the near- elimination of headgear
or rapid palatal expansion
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 21
Pillars of Damon System
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 22
Damon Philosophy
• “Orthodontics is a type of controlled pathology where we
institute bone break-down and bone rebuilding at the same
time.”
• Here underlies the magic of orthodontics… how to get the
bone to change shape which then allows the teeth to be
repositioned in the most efficient means.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 23
A magnified look of at the fragile lace-like vascular network in the periodontal ligament close to
the root
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 24
Capillaries entering the foramina of the cortical bone
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 25
• Do not crush these vessels with heavy forces.
• Here is where the magic occurs. For the bone to remodel,
an excellent blood supply is a must. The Damon Philosophy
incorporates a self ligation brackets, super elastic wires and
thoughtful patience by the orthodontist.
• Damon philosophy is not about the bracket, it is about the
System.
• A low friction bracket, light force mechanics and respect for
the biologic responses that allow tooth movement.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 26
• Dr. Dwight Damon argues that he creates a functional
adaptation similar to the Frankel effect with very light wires
in his friction-free appliance and that tipping the balance of
forces in a positive direction (thereby reestablishing a
functional balance) allows the alveolar process to create a
new arch form specific for each individual.
• Dr. Dwight sees this as adaptation rather than expansion.
• The difference is that in using light forces to facilitate
adaptation, you’re not creating an artificially preset arch
form with rigid wires or other high-force means such as
expanders.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 27
• You’re fostering the formation of a new arch form through
low-force, flexible wires overcoming the original functional
abnormality.
• Dwight refers to this phenomenon as physiologically
determined tooth position.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 28
Design Criteria for the Damon SL Bracket
The Damon SL bracket was designed to satisfy the following
major criteria:
• Andrews Straight Wire Appliance concept
• Twin configuration
• Slide forming a complete tube
• Passive slide on outside face of bracket
• Brackets opening inferiorly in both arches
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 29
Cellular Biology
• Proffit proposed that the optimum force levels for
orthodontic tooth movement would be just high enough to
stimulate cellular activity without completely occluding
blood vessels in the PDL. If a force is great enough to
occlude the blood vessels and cut off the blood supply, a
hyalinized, avascular area is formed that must revascularize
before teeth can move. Pain is related to the development
of ischemic areas in the PDL.
Proffit, W.R. and Fields, H.W.: The biologic basis of orthodontic therapy, in Contemporary Orthodontics, C.V. Mosby
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH
Co., St. Louis, 1993, pp. 266288. 30
Note the amount of blood flow in the PDL, and concentrated in the
area of new bone deposition.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 31
TOOTH MOVEMENT AND OXYGEN
• Tuncay suggested that oxygen is the trigger mechanism for
remodelling of the periodontium.
• According to Proffit, if vascularity is critical to tooth
movement, there is no doubt that light, continuous forces
produce the most efficient tooth movement and that heavy
forces should be avoided.
Tuncay, O.C. et al.: Oxygen tension regulates osteoblast function, Am. J. Orthod. 105:457463, 1994
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 32
Pressure Side
Note how blood vessels are crushed in the necrotic PDL and how much
bone must be eroded to cause movement with undermining resorption.33
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH
Why light forces?
Pressure Side
Characteristics of Light Forces
capillaries
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 34
• Rygh recommended light,
continuous forces for more
effective tooth movement in areas
Conventional forces with necrotic
with cortical bone or bone with few PDL
marrow spaces.
• Use forces that do not interrupt the
vascular supply.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 36
• Warita compared the application of a light, continuous
force (5g/f) vs. a light, dissipating force (10g/f) for 39 days
on rat molars. He found 1.8 times greater tooth movement
with the light, continuous force. "Histological observation
showed that the PDL applied with light continuous force
tended to be more physiologically preserved than that
applied with light dissipating force."
Warita, H. et al.: A study on experimental tooth movement with NiTi alloy orthodontic wires: Comparison between light
continuous force and light dissipating force, J. Jap. Orthod. Soc. 55:515527, 1996.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 37
• Clearly, the use of light, continuous forces and appropriate
appointment timing can dramatically enhance patient
comfort and shorten treatment.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 38
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 39
Biocompatible Mechanics
• Large dimension, high tech wires are often placed at the bonding
appointment and retied until the teeth are leveled and aligned.
• Thus, the archwire sequence is based on a bracket and ligature system
with significant amounts of friction.
• These wires can overpower the friction in the system, but, according to
Dr. Damon, with far greater patient discomfort and longer treatment
times than if patients are started with small dimension, high tech
archwires in a nearly friction free bracket system.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 40
• Starting cases with .014" superelastic nickel titanium or occasionally
.012" superelastic nickel titanium wires, leveling and alignment occur in
much less time, with no apparent harmful effects on roots, bone, or
tissue. And also fewer complaints from patients about discomfort from
tooth movement.
• In conventional treatment, if high maxillary cuspids are engaged, the
normal response is for the adjacent teeth to move superiorly in response
to the cuspids moving inferiorly. With low friction mechanics, cuspids
erupt without adversely affecting the adjacent teeth.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 41
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 42
• Headfilms and intraoral photographs clearly show that the
lip musculature is not overpowered by the light archwires.
The orbicularis oris and mentalis muscles produce a "lip
bumper“ effect on the maxillary and mandibular incisors.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 43
Capturing the essence of the Damon approach
• Dr. Dwight Damon wanted a bracket that acts like a tube because, after
30 years in orthodontics, he knew that such a conduit was the only
mechanism that would give him the tooth movement he wanted using
light forces.
• It provides a well-documented means, a virtually friction-free tube, by
which the most advanced wire technologies can work to their maximum
advantage, an aim most of us have aspired to but have not been able to
achieve in conventionally ligated edgewise systems.
Alan Pollard. Capturing the essence of the Damon approach. Clinical Impressions 2003; 12(2):4-11.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 44
1.I thought Dwight’s focus was on eliminating ligatures. My first revelation
when visiting him was that this was not his intent at all. Dwight actually
designed the bracket to meet a much more significant clinical function.
I’m not talking about the way the slide works in the bracket. Sure, that’s
important from a practical standpoint, but his idea is much more
powerful than that.
2.He’s taken the concepts of Angle and Begg, pulled out the bits worth
saving and discarded the rest. What are some of those good bits? Rapid
alignment with gentle forces, functional adaptation and accurate,
predictable tooth positioning with micro precision. The buzz phrase of
the new millennium is convergent technology and the Damon system is
exactly that.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 45
7 Essential Damon Principles
1. Treatment planning must be facially based.
2. Do not allow the orthodontic forces to overpower the biological
system during any treatment phase.
3. The aim of the Ni-Ti® phases of treatment is not only to level and
align but also to reshape the arch form specific to each individual
patient through functional adaptation.
4. Complete leveling, alignment and rotational control require full-depth
rectangular archwires.
Alan Pollard. Capturing the essence of the Damon approach. Clinical Impressions 2003; 12(2):4-11.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 46
5. The Working/Final Phase of treatment requires rigid wires.
6. Sagittal relationship corrections are best carried out by functional
adaptation achieved via intermaxillary forces applied en masse.
7. Retention requires careful consideration.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 47
• Retention requires careful consideration.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 48
Following the Path of Least Resistance
• There is a misconception about Dwight’s arch form being
too broad.
• Dwight doesn’t really have a preset arch form. Each
patient’s final arch form is determined by the functional
adaptation in the Ni-Ti Phases by flexible wires.
• The Working/Final Phase wire is bent to the shape of the
resulting mandibular arch after alignment/adaptation.
• The maxillary arch form is made identical to the mandibular
wire.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 49
• The adaptive arch form that the Ni-Ti wires create with the
Damon System does not have much to do with the shape
of the Damon archwire.
• The posterior adaptation results from interplay among the
tongue, the alignment forces and the resistant lip
musculature.
• During alignment with light forces in a passive system, the
lips and tongue encourage the teeth to follow the path of
least resistance, which is posterolaterally, so you see that
movement rather than the anterior dumping that you see
from a conventionally ligated appliance.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 50
• the considerable adaptation you realize from
the Damon System is due to the functional
interplay among the light forces of the Ni-Ti
wires, the tongue and the lips that causes the
buccal teeth to move laterally in the path of
least resistance. It’s the path of least
resistance because the lower lip is
maintaining incisal position.
• In superimposing the arch from this fully
aligned case onto its original arch at the
canines, you see the lateral movement of the
buccal teeth. The final lower incisor position
will depend upon a number of factors,
including the original axial inclination of the
canines and the position of the tongue.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 51
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 52
Damon Q Torque Prescription
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 53
UPPER 1st BICUSPIDS Standard -12
Standard -11
BICUSPIDS
LOWER 1st
Standard -28
UPPER MOLAR
nd Standard -27
2 MOLAR
LOWER 1st
Standard -10
MOLAR
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 54
Bracket Selection
High Torque Brackets
Examples of where high torque brackets may be used on
upper incisors are as follows:
• Extraction cases where treatment mechanics may
excessively retrocline the upper incisors;
• Class II Division 1 malocclusions where treatment
mechanics may excessively retrocline the upper incisors;
and
• Class II Division 2 malocclusions.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 55
Examples of where high torque brackets may be used on
upper cuspids are as follows:
• First premolar extraction cases; and
• Cases where the crowns of the upper cuspids are palatally
tipped.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 56
Standard Torque Brackets
• Standard torque brackets are used where the inclination of
the teeth is satisfactory before treatment and the
treatment mechanics will not adversely affect the
inclinations during treatment.
• Dr. Dwight Damon suggests using standard torque in cases
where extreme gingival placement is required to improve
incisor display (smile arc), for low angle cases and severe
open bites. Standard torque is also suggested on lower
anteriors in cases that are periodontally challenged or
compromised.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 57
Low Torque Brackets
Examples of where low torque brackets may be used on
upper incisors are as follows:
• Excessively proclined upper incisors;
• Isolated upper incisors with palatally positioned roots (e.g.
upper lateral incisor in the palate);
• Malocclusions where treatment mechanics may result in
excessive upper incisor proclination;
• Moderate and severe upper arch crowding; and
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 58
• Anterior open bite cases with proclined incisors.
Examples of where low torque brackets may be used on
lower incisors are as follows:
• Cases where it is necessary to control the proclination of
lower incisors, e.g. extreme lower labial segment crowding,
cases using Class II elastics, and fixed Class II correctors
attached to the brackets, buccal tubes, or archwires; and
• Lingually placed lower incisors.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 59
• The brackets with optional torque values should not be
used as “sets.”
• The clinician should study the case carefully beforehand
and individually select the bracket with the correct torque
for each tooth.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 60
Damon Q Opening and Closing Technique
• Opening and closing the Damon Q bracket is made easy
with the use of Ormco’s innovative SpinTek™ slide. With its
chambered lingual leading edge the SpinTek slide
facilitates fast, easy wire changes for enhanced patient
comfort.
• Average self-ligation brackets exert up to 1.34 kilograms of
unidirectional force during slide opening. SpinTek disperses
forces in opposite directions, exerting a net force of
virtually 0 kilograms even despite calculus build-up.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 61
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 62
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 63
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 64
Disarticulation and Damon System
• The most significant aspect of the Damon System is
combining passive four-walled self-ligating brackets with
advanced wire technology that, together, deliver
consistent, light forces in the range of 120-180 grams.
• Mastication and occlusal forces fall in the range of 1800 to
22500 grams.
• Failing to disarticulate is one of the most prevalent errors
that doctors new to the Damon System commit.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 65
• Conceptually the use of bite turbos is either anterior or
posterior. They may not always go on the cuspid or first
molar. The location of the turbos is dependent on the
individualized patient need from both an occlusal and
aesthetic viewpoint so placement may vary.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 66
Posterior Bite turbos
• WHY??? – Intrude Molars
• In fossa whenever possible: seems to be more comfortable.
• If need buccal root torque on molar, place on palatal cusp
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 67
Anterior Bite turbos
• WHY???
• Level by eruption of buccal segment
• Prevent intrusion of upper anteriors which protects smile
• Immediate bracket placement on lower arch
• No reverse curve wires
• Control OB throughout treatment
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 68
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 69
Why not to use posterior bite turbos in Deep
OB???
• Causes intrusion of molars rather than extrusion
• Adds time to the treatment if a deep bite
• Used for openbite and high angle cases
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 70
OVERBITE
• deeper overbite place
more gingival
• increase height of the
turbo during leveling
for patient comfort
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 71
OVERBITE
• deeper overbite place
more gingival
• don’t open greater than
1.5 mm posteriorly
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 72
OVERJET
• with greater overjet the
turbo must be more
gingival and longer
• don’t open greater than
1.5 mm posteriorly
• watch that the
lower arch does
not slip behind the
turbo
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 73
OVERJET
• Turbos may need to be
moved to the cuspids in
cases with excessive
overjet, THEN…
• And, they should be
moved further anterior
as the overjet is
reduced
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 74
Where should we
place TURBOS ?
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 75
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 76
This particular case
does not
need disclusion . It is
strictly used to
illustrate a flared
situation and the
possible risk!
Simply imagine a
deeper OVERBITE
Flared Incisors
• TURBOS can
increase flaring
77
Retroclined Incisors
78
Managing Anchorage
DURING LEVELLING AND ALIGNMENT
• Use light force to prevent anterior proclination.
• Use light push coil springs in between to bring about
anterior de crowding. In doing this your force vector is in
transverse direction which eliminates the risk of proclining
the anterior teeth.
• Do not use any transverse holding devices such as TPA or
lingual arch which would hamper ‘Transverse Arch
Development’.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 79
• Never progress to rectangular wire until crowding is
resolved.
• Judiciously use incisor low torque brackets, super torque
canine and premolar brackets wherever possible/available.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 80
DURING RETRACTION
• Its is very important to bond and include second molar in
your anchorage plane before attempting retraction.
• Make sure you are on significantly stiff stainless steel wire
before attempting retraction.
• You can incorporate RCS design in the arch wire to prevent
loss of torque and to have better vertical control on
incisors.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 81
Expansion with Damon System
• No trance of palatal devices is used in Damon System to
bring about what is traditionally known as Expansion.
• In fact Damon users do not coin the term expansion. Arch
Development is the term used to explain the changes
that take place during the first and second phase of
treatment using Damon System.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 82
• Forces used in this phase with 0.013” and 0.014 x 0.025”
copper NiTi wires and push coil springs made of 0.009” NiTi
wire, are so light that this could never meet the force level
delivered by traditional ‘Transpalatal Arch’.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 83
TO BE CONTINUED…
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 84
RECAP…
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 85
PART 2
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 86
CONTENTS
• Bracket Positioning
• Pitts Protocol for Bracket Positioning
• Archwires
• Elastics
• Stability of Damon System
• Insignia
• Conclusion
• References
87
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 88
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 89
Good placement to enhance smile for the
aging process
• Upper lip becomes longer with age and loses mobility.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 90
Anticipate the AGING PROCESS
Incisor display at rest Gingival display on smile
Position your incisor lower in older patient Diminishes with age
Create a smile not for the 14 year old boy/girl but for the 40, 50 year old aged smile.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 91
Consequently,
We will have to make choices,
Considering that
Aging will affect Incisor Display
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 92
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 93
Elements Affecting Smile Arc
• Occlusal plane inclination
• Bonding position
• The wedge effect
• Recountouring of cuspids
• Gingiva placement of upper centrals and laterals
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 94
Maxillary Posterior Bracket Position
First molar: bracket slot point coincides with
FA point. Equal amount of mesial & distal
cusps above a line tangent to the incisal border
of the bracket pad.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 96
Mandibular Posterior Bracket Position
Bracket slot points coincides with FA points.
Marginal ridges generally line up.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 97
When no significant enamel attrition/ wear is
present, equal amounts of enamel should be
present above the occlusal borders of the
incisor bracket pads.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 98
• For smile arc protection, place upper centrals 1mm more gingival than upper
canines. Then place the lateral between the central and cuspid height.
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 99
Incisor Bracket Positioning Philosophy
Based on Desired Maxillary Incisor Position.
Thomas Pitts. Begin with the end in mind: Bracket placement and early elastics protocols for smile arc protection. Clinical
Impressions 2009:17(1); 4-15
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 113
3. Use two assistants to assist in bonding.
4. Recontour teeth for esthetics and bracket fit.
5. Follow an exacting bracket placement protocol to protect
or enhance the smile arc and align buccal segment cusp
tips and marginal ridges.
The first step is measure the length of the maxillary canine crown, from the cusp tip to the
gingival margin (after reconstruction, recontouring, or gingivoplasty).
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 122
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 123
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH 124
Normal Occlusal Plane
One of the factors contributing to the smile arc is cant of the occlusal plane. With an 8 degree
cant, it is easier to attain
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH
smile arcs, and esthetics is less sensitive to bracket placement.
125
Flat Occlusal Plane
Upper incisors too proclined with flat occlusal planes smile arc is more difficult to attain.
126
Dr ANALHAQ SHAIKH
Smile arc
Beautiful smile arc...where would the brackets
have to be placed to create this?
There is no “single” ideal bracket position.
Bracket position depends on the esthetic and
functional needs of the individual patient