Outline

 Definitions
 Objectives
 Organisation of Inspection Department
 Functions of Inspection Department
 Types of Inspections
 Qualification of Inspector
Definitions:-

According to W.R.Springle, “Inspection is the process of

measuring the quality of a product or service in terms of
established standard.”

By Kimball, “Inspection is the art of comparing materials,

products or performance with established standard.”

By Alford and Beatly’ “Inspection is important for the

quality and production control. Products should be
checked at various stages, it stops the wrong production,
wastage can be checked, defective parts cannot reach the
assembly line. So inspection controls the quality of the
product and is a must in any production industry.
Objectives
• To collect information regarding the performance of the
product with established standard for the use of production,
purchasing and quality control etc.
• To sort out poor quality manufactured products to maintain
the production quality.
• To set a good reputation and establish the brand quality of a
product among the consumers.

So in any industry inspection is very important and its cost is

borne by the employer, but with the little additional cost
inspection system can be organised which provides large
benefits or we can say it is impossible to run any organisation
whatever its size may be, without proper inspection,
economically and efficiently.
Organisation of Inspection Department
 Inspection department should not be attached directly
under the production foreman because increase in
production may affect the inspection of quality if the
quality is of average important the inspection department
may be kept as a staff department under works in charge.
In this system production and inspection both work under
the works he of superintendent.
 If the quality is of maximum importance then
manufacturing function should be directly under the
control of works manager, So that the inspection
department holds a similar position as that of the
manufacturing department and purchase department.
Principles of Inspection:-
The two most important principles of inspections are:-
 Inspection function for maximum efficiency: - Inspection must
be independent but co-ordinated with the functions of
purchase, production, planning and sales department.
 Inspection function for maximum quality:-
o inspection standards are formed to achieve the quality
control.
o Inspection Standards for raw materials
o Inspection Standards for work in process
o Working Inspection Standards
o Inspection Standards for finish product
o Inspection Standards for the complete mechanism
 Functions of Inspection Department
1. To Inspect Raw Material: - This inspection is done to see that raw
materials received are physically and chemically are with in the
specifications. This is done to eliminate the loss of labour and
machining time on the defective materials.
2. Metallurgic and Metallographic Inspection:- This inspection make
sure that the metallic structure, hardness and other properties after
the various operations of processes have been performed are
according to the specifications.
3. Purchased Parts Inspections:- The aim to such inspection is to see
that all the purchases like tools, spares, jigs and fixtures, general
supplies etc. are according to laid specifications and to make inferior
or short counts or damages in the accepted quality and quantity.
4. Work in Process Inspections:- To see that product is correctly
formed and dimensioned in according with specifications during the
process and their manufacturing at various stages. This has the
advantages of preventing wastage of time and money on defective
units and also preventing delays in assemblies.
5. To collect errors in design or manufacturing methods that results in
more assembly time or poor performance.
6. Periodic Tools, Gauges and Measuring Instruments Inspection:- To
achieve and maintain the quality. This is the most important
inspection. In this all the tools, gauges and other instruments are
checked with the master ones periodically and accordingly the
corrective action is taken in repair or replacement.
7. Finished Products Inspection:- In some industries this inspection is
done on the finished product to categorise the product as first or
second and then second category product is sold out at lower price.
8. Salvaging:- This is the function of inspecting poor quality work is
reworked to eliminate the defects or converts it to scrap material
etc.
9. Complaint Division:- It is also the function of inspection, In which
reports of defects on product, material, workman ship, design,
shape etc. are received from sales and service department. This is
then investigated and accordingly corrective suggestion are
recommended to the manufacturing department.
Types of Inspections
In all the most important types of Inspections on the bases of
methods are:-
1. Tools Inspections (Trail-run-inspection)
2. First piece inspection
3. Working inspection
4. Operation inspection
5. Sample inspections
6. Final inspection
7. Pilot piece inspection
8. Key operation inspection
9. Functional inspection
10. Endurance inspection
Types of Inspections
1. Tool inspection:- In this inspection tools, fixtures, jigs and gauges
are inspection after the regular intervals. This method is very
effective in automatic production. Then the trail run of a single
piece is made to see that product is within tolerances.
2. First piece inspection:- In automatically production system first 2-3
or 4 products are inspected as per the specifications. If they are
clear the thorough inspection then production start running.
3. Working inspection: - In the method inspection of product is done
while they are in process and it assure that they are being
manufactured according to specifications.
4. Operation inspection: - In this type, certain percentage from the
lot is inspected and the entire lot is judged by the result of there
samples.
Types of Inspections
5. Sample inspections:- This inspection is done between the two
operations means after the completion of one operations and
before going for the other process or department or machine.
6. Final inspection:- In this inspection, articles are inspected when
they are completely manufactured before sending them to store.
7. Pilot piece inspection: - This is used in product layout. The product
is passed through its entire sequence of operation on a serious of
machines, installed for the production work. After one piece is
manufactured, each tools, each machine is tested so that all
defective tools are replaced and all incorrect adjustments are
made all right. This inspection is done till the perfect product
comes out and then the production line is allowed for actual
production.
Types of Inspections
8. Key operation inspection: - There are certain operations which are
costly or difficult and operators usually do mistake. Such
operations are called as key operations so the inspection is must
before and immediately after the completion of each of these
operations.
9. Functional inspection:- This inspection is done after the
completion of assembly to check the accuracy of assembly.
10. Endurance inspection:- This inspection is carried out to estimate
how much time an assembly will with stand its use and to
determine weakness for correction.
Types of Inspections
On the bases of work the type of inspection are:-
• Floor inspection

• Centralized inspection

• Floor inspection: - In this type the inspection is carried out at

or near the machine. In this inspection, work ranges from
general patrolling supervision i.e. keeping an eye on work at
machines, to careful measurement of product at its place of
production.
Types of Inspections
Advantages of Floor inspection: -
1. Error caught in time, prevent spoilage of large amount of work.
2. This inspection can help in removing the troubles in the doing
work.
3. This reduces the movement of job because inspection is done
at work place or production. Indirect labour cost may be
reduced.
4. Reduces the delays at inspection rooms and thus wastage of
minimised.
5. Product layout and mass production can well be achieved.
6. The work of routing, scheduling, despatching is simplified.
7. Reduction of work in process and reduction of labour cost is
possible.
Types of Inspections
Disadvantages of Floor inspection: -
1. Inspector has to move from one area to another so his time
is wasted.
2. Advance machine of inspection purpose cannot be used.
3. Keeping a track of good or bad products is slightly difficult.
4. Sometimes due to inspection priorities the work is pile up at
work stations and production work suffers.
5. Presence of large qualities of product on the floor
complicates to keep work moving.
6. Human factors may compromise the quality like some
inspector may be influences by some worker.
7. Doubtful cases may delay the decisions.

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Types of Inspections
Centralized inspection:-
This type of inspection is carried out at one place i.e. in the inspection
room. The parts to be checked are moved to the precision measuring
devices. Main idea is to separate inspections from manufacturing
because inspection work needs more concentration to check
accuracies.
Centralised inspection does not mean one inspection rooms. Each
room is located centrally with respect to the machines. The usual
practice is to locate rooms parallel to the flow of work through the
shop.
Advantage of Centralized inspection -
1. Inspector of less skill may perform the job well
2. Better quality can be achieved because of zero interaction
between the worker and the inspector.
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Types of Inspections
Advantage of Centralized inspection: -
3. With the aid of fixed and automatic inspection devices, mass
inspection at lower cost is possible. S
4. The speed of inspection is higher because of better working
conditions and less interferences.
5. Decision on doubtful cases can be taken faster and at once
by authorities.
6. Less number of gauges and instruments are required.
7. Shops mostly remain neat and clean as there is no
accumulation of finished parts.

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Types of Inspections
Disadvantages of Centralized inspection: -
1. Time and work at production planning increases like
routing, scheduling and despatching.
2. If inspection room is not build in the line of flow. There may
be break in the plan of production layout for straight line
manufacturing or machining. There may be more spoilage
of work.
3. Materials handing is more
4. Delay at inspection room causes time wastage.

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Qualification of Inspector:-
To carry out the full responsibilities inspectors must have the following
necessary qualities:
 He must be cost conscious.
 He must know statistical quality control technique well.
 He should know his job thoroughly.
 He should have a good grasping power and capability of
understanding the work.
 He should be able to minimise the wastage by using a substitute to
the material already in use.
 He should have the working knowledge of general quality standards.
 He should be able to work with patience, any negligence of his part
may lead to serious loss in production.
 He should be thorough in understanding the material and the
processes.
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