Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Residue Avoidance Program: Feed Mixing Systems
Residue Avoidance Program: Feed Mixing Systems
2. Clean the mixer before use to avoid should be used whenever possible. Second, a mixer test is the only sure way
contamination with previous For volumetric mills, volumetric of determining adequate mixing time for a
medicants. methods will give satisfactory results mixer in an installation.
when regular calibrations are made.
In mixing tests, many double-ribboned
3. Do not exceed mixing capacities of Follow manufacturer’s calibration horizontal mixers and twin-screw vertical
equipment. Premix all medications recommendations. mixers can be expected to do an ad-
into large enough quantities for equate mixing job in 4 to 5 minutes after
accurate weighing and mixing. Where 6. Whenever possible, mix all feeds addition of the last ingredient. The size
stationary mills are used, follow containing medications in sequence. and the speed of the screw and the
manufacturer’s instructions on Then clean equipment before manu- amount of feed in the mixer can vary the
premixing and adding medications. facturing unmedicated feeds. Make mix time. Some horizontal mixers, poorly
finishing or withdrawal feeds after designed in terms of agitator speed,
configuration of agitator components, and
4. Establish a mixing order for all cleanup and before other
material flow patterns, and vertical mixers
ingredients. One recommended order nonmedicated feeds have been made. with inadequate screw speed, worn screw
is: flights, and inadequate size have been
a. 1⁄2 of soybean meal or supplement, 7. Clean out mixer after medication observed to take 20 or more minutes for
b. medication and/or vitamin use by flushing with several hundred poor to barely adequate mixing of feed
premixes, pounds of soybeans or ground corn. ingredients.
c. 1⁄4 of soybean meal or supplement Remove flush; identify and store for
(to flush premix into mixer), future medication usage. What Is Incomplete Mixing?
d. mineral premix, Incomplete mixing occurs when one
e. remainder of soybean meal or 8. Keep all medications in a well-lit or more ingredients are not present in
supplement. storage place, with enough room to a feed sample taken at mixer dis-
Mix thoroughly while grinding corn. avoid cluttered storage and preserve charge in the same percentage as the
Then add ground corn and mix for 8 to original packages. Rodent and insect percentage of the ingredient(s) used
10 minutes, or according to control should be continually prac- to charge the mixer. Barring weighing
manufacturer’s instructions. Proper ticed. Insecticides and other farm errors and omissions, this percentage
mixing is all-important. (Adapted from chemicals should not be stored in this should be the same as in the produc-
Dale Hull, 1970, Ag Engineering, Iowa area. tion formula.
State University.)
9. Read all labels and observe with-
Measurement of ingredients can be by drawal times.
volume or by weight. Weight mea-
surements are most accurate and
Incomplete mixing can often be Where Does Incomplete equipment or in its use. Table 1 lists
corrected by adjustments of mixers or Mixing Occur? some problems encountered with
by replacing components that are Feed mixers and blenders are de- mixers that could result in incomplete
worn or otherwise inadequate for the signed and installed for the specific mixing of feed. Correction of the
purpose. An example is adjustment of purpose of mixing; therefore, incom- problem should result in satisfactory
mixer ribbons to reduce the space plete mixing is a deficiency in this mixing.
between the ribbons and the mixer
shell. Another example is the replace-
ment of worn or damaged ribbons, Table 1. Sources of Incomplete Mixing Problems.
paddles, or screw conveyors.
Mixer type Possible problems
Procedural changes may improve Vertical Mixer Design does not allow complete mixing
feed mixing. The sequence of ingredi- Design results in slow mixing
ents and additives put into the mixer Insufficient mixing time
can affect the ease with which a Worn screw
component is blended into the total Electrostatic hang-up
mix. Additions of the small volume
materials to part of the protein source Horizontal Mixer Design does not allow complete mixing
early in the mix cycle allows more Design results in slow mixing
time for complete mixing to occur. Overfilling results in a nonmixing layer at top
Increases in mixing times often Insufficient mixing time
improve uniformity of feed mixing. Agitator design does not move ingredients through-
Small volume items such as drug or out mixing area
mineral premixes should be added Agitator clearance allows a layer of immobile
directly to the mixer rather than ingredients next to mixer shell
through an auger system. If added Worn agitators
through an auger, it should be fol- Electrostatic hang-up
lowed with sufficient corn or protein to
flush it into the mixing chamber.
Every livestock producer has the • Date of batch mixing,
responsibility to use medications in • Mixing order and amount added,
What appears to be incomplete mixing
accordance with the label directions. A • Mixing time,
is sometimes caused by weighing
careful manager can avoid feed • Feed storage location,
inaccuracies or personnel errors.
contamination problems by following • Number of animals fed and amount/
Failure to perform all operations
the management practices outlined. A head
indicated on production formulae or
complete up-to-date set of records • Medications used, amount, and
feed tag instructions (i.e., addition of
can further help to avoid problems concentration,
correct amounts of all specified
and should include the following: • Dates mixers, bins, conveyors, and
ingredients) or inadvertent substitution
feeders were thoroughly cleaned out.
of ingredients not called for in the
formula are common errors.