PHY2053 – Test Formula Sheet

Test I
RIGHT ANGLE TRIGONOMETRY RESULTANT VECTOR

O Rx = Ax + Bx + ... Ry = Ay + By + ...
sin θ =
H ⎛ Ry ⎞
A
R = Rx2 + Ry2 θ = tan −1 ⎜ ⎟
cos θ = H = O 2 + A2 ⎝ Rx ⎠
H
O
tan θ =
A

Areas: Circle = πr2 Square: L2 Rectangle: L ⋅W Triangle: ½ b⋅h

EQUATIONS OF KINEMATICS FOR CONSTANT ACCELERATION IN X AND Y

1 1 ⎫
x = vot + axt 2 y = vot − gt 2 ⎪
2 2
⎪ m
v = vo + axt v = vo − gt ⎬ g = 9.8 2
⎪ s
v 2 = vo2 + 2ax x v 2 = vo2 − 2 gy ⎪
⎭
EQUATIONS OF KINEMATICS FOR PROJECTILE MOTION

1 ⎫ vox = vo cos θ o voy = vo sin θo

Δx = voxt y = voy t − gt 2 ⎪
2
⎪ m vo = vox2 + voy2 v f = v 2fx + v 2fy
vx = vox v y = voy − gt ⎬ g = 9.8 2
⎪ s
v y2 = voy
2
− 2 gy ⎪
⎭

Test II and Test III (Test III will use some of the same formulas as Test II)
NEWTON’S 2ND LAW: NON-EQUILIBRIUM AND EQUILIBRIUM

ΣFx = max ΣFx = 0

ΣFy = ma y ΣFy = 0

FORCES

GMm −11 N ⋅m
2
GM RE = 6.38 x106 m
Fg = 2 → G = 6.673x10 → g= 2
r kg
2
R M E = 5.98 x1024 kg
W = mg app W = mg ± ma f = µ FN µk / s → coefficient of kinetic / static friction

CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION, CENTRIPETAL FORCE AND ORBITAL PERIOD FOR UNIFORM CIRCULAR
MOTION
v2 2π r
ac = Fc = mac T=
r v
Formulas_phy2053
SATELLITES IN UNIFORM CIRCULA MOTION

⎧ ⎫ ⎛3⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎪ GMm GM 2π r ⎪ ⎝2⎠
⎨ 2 = mac v= T= ⎬→r = R+h
⎪ r r GM ⎪
⎩ ⎭

WORK DONE BY A CONSTANT FORCE Work = F ⋅ s cos θ Fs

KINETIC ENERGY, GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY AND MECHANICAL ENERGY

1
KE = mv 2 PE = mgh E = KE + PE
2

WORK-KINETIC ENERGY THEOREM ΣWork = KE f − KEo

CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY CONSERVATIVE FORCES

ΔKE + ΔPE = 0 → KE f + PE f = KEo + PEo

1 2 1
mv f + mgh f = mvi2 + mghi
2 2
CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY NON-CONSERVATIVE (KINETIC FRICTION) FORCES

ΔKE + ΔPE = Worknc → KE f + PE f = KEo + PEo + Worknc

1 2 1
mv f + mgh f = mvi2 + mghi + Worknc
2 2
Work
AVERAGE POWER P= = Fv
t

IMPULSE, AND LINEAR MOMENTUM Imp = F ⋅ Δt p = mv → px = mvx and p y = mv y

IMPULSE-LINEAR MOMENTUM THEOREM ΣImp = p f − p o

INELASTIC COLLISIONS IN (1-D) m1v10 + m2 v20 = m1v1 f + m2 v2 f or m1v10 + m2 v20 = ( m1 + m2 ) v f

⎛ m − m2 ⎞ ⎛ 2m2 ⎞ ⎛ 2m1 ⎞ ⎛ m2 − m1 ⎞
ELASTIC COLLISIONS IN (1-D) v1 f = ⎜ 1 ⎟ v1o + ⎜ ⎟ v2o v2 f = ⎜ ⎟ v1o + ⎜ ⎟ v2o
⎝ m1 + m2 ⎠ ⎝ m1 + m2 ⎠ ⎝ m1 + m2 ⎠ ⎝ m1 + m2 ⎠

m1v10 x + m2 v20 x = m1v1 fx + m2 v2 fx

INELASTIC COLLISIONS IN (2-D)
m1v10 y + m2 v20 y = m1v1 fy + m2 v2 fy

m1 x1 + m2 x2 + ...
CENTER OF MASS AND CENTER OF GRAVITY xcm = = xcg
m1 + m2 + ...

Formulas_phy2053
 2π
ANGULAR AND TANGENTIAL QUANTITIES s = rθ rad vT = rω aT = rα ac = rω 2 T=
ω
⎧+ ccw⎫
Δθ = θ f − θo ⎨ ⎬ radian and degree: π ( rad ) = 180 ( deg )
⎩- cw ⎭
EQUATIONS OF ROTATIONAL KINEMATICS FOR CONSTANT ANGULAR ACCELERATION

1
θ = ωot + α t 2 ω = ωo + α t ω 2 = ωo2 + 2αθ
2
ROTATIONAL AND TANGENTIAL KINETIC ENERGY

1 1
KE R = Iω 2 KET = mvT2
2 2

TORQUE AND MOMENT OF INERTIA FOR POINT MASSES τ = F ⋅l I = m1r12 + m2 r22 + ...

NEWTON’S 2ND LAW FOR TRANSLATIONAL AND ROTATIONAL MOTION: NON-EQUILIBRIUM AND
EQUILIBRIUM

ΣFx = max ⎪⎫ ΣFx = 0 ⎪⎫

⎬ and Στ = Iα ⎬ and Στ = 0 → Στ cw = Στ ccw
ΣFy = ma y ⎪⎭ ΣFy = 0⎪⎭
ANGULAR MOMENTUM AND CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM

L = I ω conservation: L f = Lo → I f ω f = I oωo
MOMENTS OF INERTIA FOR VARIOUS RIGID OBJECTS ROTATING ABOUT A FIXED AXIS

2
I = MR 2
5

I = MR2
7
I = MR 2
5
1
I = MR 2
2
2
I = MR 2
3

1
I= ML2
12 1
I= ML2
12

1
I = ML2
3 1
I = ML2
3
Formulas_phy2053
Test IV

HOOKE’S LAW – IDEAL SPRING

Fs = −kx Fapp = kx

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION: SRPING AND SIMPLE PENDULUM

1 k L
f = ω = 2π f = T = 2π
T m g
x = Acos ω t or x = Asin ω t with: xmax = A vmax = Aω amax = Aω 2

⎛ ΔL ⎞ ⎛ ΔX ⎞ ⎛ ΔV ⎞
ELASTIC DEFORMATION F =Y ⎜ ⎟A F = S⎜ ⎟A ΔP = − B ⎜ ⎟ Area of a circle: π r2
⎝ Lo ⎠ ⎝ Lo ⎠ ⎝ Vo ⎠

m ⎧ kg kg ⎫
DENSITY AND PRESSURE IN A STATIC FLUID ρ= ⎨ ρ wat = 1000 3 , ρ Hg = 13, 600 3 ⎬
V ⎩ m m ⎭
F
P=
A
Pabs = Patm + ρ gh {P atm = 1.013x105 Pa = 14.7 psi = 1atm }
F1 F2
PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE P1 = P2 → =
A1 A2

BUOYANT FORCE AND ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE FB = W fl = m fl g = ρ flVg

V
VOLUME FLOW RATE AND THE EQUATION OF CONTINUITY = Av → A1v1 = A2v2
t
1 1
BERNOULLI’S EQUATION P1 + ρ v12 + ρ gh1 = P2 + ρ v22 + ρ gh2
2 2
⎛9 ⎞
CONVERSIONS BETWEEN TEMPERATURE SCALES TF = ⎜ TC ⎟ + 32 TK = TC + 273.15
⎝5 ⎠

INEAR AND VOLUME THERMAL EXPANSION ΔL = α Lo ΔT ΔV = βVo ΔT {β =3α }

⎧ J ⎫
HEAT AND SPECIFIC HEAT Q = ± mcΔT ⎨ cwat = 4,186 ⎬ conservation of heat: Qhot = −Qcold
⎩ kg ⋅ C o ⎭

MECHANICAL EQUIVALENT OF HEAT: 1 kcal = 4,186 J

⎧ 6 J cal o⎫
⎪ Lv ( wat ) = 2.26 x10 kg = 540 g at TC = 100C ⎪
⎪ ⎪
HEAT AND LATENT HEAT Q = ± mL ⎨ ⎬
⎪L 5 J cal ⎪
= 3.35 x10 = 80 at TC = 0C o
⎪⎩ f ( wat ) kg g ⎪⎭

Formulas_phy2053