TUGAS GENETIKA JAGUNG & CHI SQUARE

disusun untuk memenuhi tugas Mata Kuliah Dasar Genetika,

Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran

Alifah Kusumaningtyas 150510190071

Kusyanti 150510190009

Griselda Devina Ardita 150510190125

Delia Nurusyifa 150510190200

KELAS C / KELOMPOK 4

UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN

PROGRAM STUDI AGROTEKNOLOGI

SUMEDANG

2020
 CORN GENETICS CHI SQUARE ANALYSIS

In this exercise, you will examine an ear of corn and determine the type of cross and
genes responsible for the coloration and texture of the corn kernels like the one show below.
There are four grain phenotypes in the ear. Purple and smooth (A), Purple and Shrunken (B),
Yellow and Smooth (C), Yellow and Shrunken (D).

Dihybrid Cross

We will now consider a dihybrid cross, which is a combination of the two monohybrids. Your
ear of corn may be a result of a cross between plants that were both heterozygous (PpSs x PpSs).

1. Create a punnett square or use a mathematical system to determine the phenotype ratio.
Record what you would expect to get from this cross in the chart below.

P: PpSs >< PpSs

Gamet:PS, Ps, pS,ps

Gametes PS Ps pS ps
PS PPSS PPSs PpSS PpSs
Ps PPSs PPss PpSs Ppss
pS PpSS PpSs ppSS ppSs
ps PpSs Ppss ppSs ppss
Purple & smooth _9_ Purple & shrunken _3_ Yellow & smooth _3_ Yellow & shrunken __1__

2. Now count the number of each in your five rows on the ear of corn.

Number Counted

Purple & smooth 216

Purple & shrunken 79

 Yellow & smooth 65

Yellow & shrunken 21

TOTAL 381

3. Did you obtain a 9:3:3:1 ratio? To determine if the deviations from your observed data
are due to chance alone or if the data is significantly different, you need to use a chi
square test. The table below will help you make the calculations.

Observed
  Expected Number  ÷ expected
Number

Purple &
Total 381 x 9/16 = 214  216  4 ÷ 214 = 0.019
smooth

Purple &
Total 381 x 3/16 = 71  79  64/71 = 0.901
shrunken

Yellow &
Total 381 x 3/16 = 71  65  36/71 = 0.507
smooth

Yellow &
Total 381 x 1/16 = 24  21  9/24 = 0.375
shrunken

    Chi Square Value : 1.80

4. Now determine if your chi square value is a good fit with your data. Your degrees of
freedom (df) is the number of possible phenotypes minus 1. In your case, 4 - 1 = 3. Find
the number in that row that is closest to your chi square value. Circle that number.

- In this case the probability value that lines up with 1.85 is .60 (shaded in yellow)

Good Fit Between Ear & Data Poor Fit

df .90 .70 .60 .50 .20 .10 .05 .01
1 .02 .15 .31 .46 1.64 2.71 3.85 6.64
2 .21 .71 1.05 1.39 3.22 4.60 5.99 9.21
3 .58 1.42 1.85 2.37 4.64 6.25 7.82 11.34
4 1.06 2.20 2.78 3.36 5.99 7.78 9.49 13.28
5. Explain what it means to have a "good fit" or a "poor fit". Does you chi square analysis of
real corn data support the hypothesis that the parental generation was PpSs x PpSs?

“Good fit” berarti data yang diamati cocok dengan data yang diharapkan. Ini
berarti bahwa percobaan berjalan seperti yang diharapkan dan konduktor percobaan
mempertimbangkan semua variabel saat membuat prediksi pada data.

Untuk memiliki “Poor fit” berarti bahwa data yang diamati tidak sesuai dengan
data yang diharapkan. Ini berarti ada yang salah dengan pengumpulan tes / data, atau
bahwa perkiraan konduktor tidak aktif dan dia tidak memperhitungkan beberapa variabel.
Chi square mendukung hipotesis bahwa jagung adalah persilangan dihibrid. Itu cocok
dengan data yang diharapkan yang berasal dari persilangan dihibrid; rasio 9: 3: 3: 1.

Chi Square Problem Set

1. Problem: A large ear of corn has a total of 433 grains, including 271 Purple & starchy, 73
Purple & sweet, 63 Yellow & starchy, and 26 Yellow & sweet.

Your Tentative Hypothesis: This ear of corn was produced by a dihybrid cross

(PpSs x PpSs) involving two pairs of heterozygous genes resulting in a theoretical
(expected) ratio of 9:3:3:1.

Objective: Test your hypothesis using chi square and probability values.

Observed
  Expected Number  ÷ expected
Number

Purple & Total 433 x 9/16 =

 271  750,76/243.6 = 3.08
starchy 243.6

Purple & Total 433 x 3/16 =

 73  67,24/81.2 = 0.82
sweet 81.2

Yellow & Total 433 x 3/16 =

 63  331,24/81.2 = 4.07
starchy 81.2

Yellow & Total 433 x 1/16 =

 26  1,21/27.1 = 0.04
sweet 27.1

    Chi Square Value : 8.01

Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ini merupakan poor fit, sehingga hipotesis tidak sesuai.

2. Problem: In a certain reptile, eyes can be either black or yellow. Two black eyed lizards
are crossed, and the result is 72 black eyed lizards, and 28 yellow-eyed lizards.
 Your Tentative Hypothesis: The black eyed parents were Bb x Bb.

Objective: Test your hypothesis using chi square analysis. In this set, because only two
values (traits) are examined, the degrees of freedom (df) is 1. SHOW ALL WORK!

Observed
  Expected Number  ÷ expected
Number

Black eyes Total 100 x 3/4 = 75  72  9/75 = 0.12

Yellow
Total 100 x 1/4= 25  28  9/25 = 0.36
eyes

    Chi Square Value : 0.48

Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ini merupakan good fit, sehingga hipotesis sesuai

3. Problem: A sample of mice (all from the same parents) shows 58 Black hair, black eyes |
16 Black hair, red eyes | 19 White hair, black eyes 7 | White hair, red eyes

Your tentative hypothesis: (what are the parents?)

Objective: Use a chi square analysis to support your hypothesis

Observed
  Expected Number  ÷ expected
Number

Black hair
Total 100 x 9/16 =
& black 58 0.05
56.25
eyes

Black hair Total 100 x 3/16 =

16 0.40
& red eyes 18.75

White hair
Total 100 x 3/16 =
& black 19 0.003
18.75
eyes

White hair Total 100 x 1/16 =

7 0.09
& red eyes 6.25

    Chi Square Value : 0.54

Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ini merupakan good fit, sehingga hipotesis sesuai