SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

SUBJECT CODE : 16 AR 460

SUBJECT NAME : Project Management & Construction

SEMESTER : VIII YEAR: IV

REGULATION : 2016

COURSE : B.Arch (Architecture)

SPECIALISATION :

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

UNIT – 1 INTRODUCTION

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

What is a Project?

In project management, a project is a temporary

endeavour undertaken to create a unique product,
service or result.

A project is temporary in that it has

a defined beginning and end in time, and
therefore defined scope and resources.

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

What is Project Management?

Project management, is the application of

knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project
activities to meet the project requirements.

It is process of
Closing the
Controlling
Initiation Planning Executing project
and
successfully.

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

Constraints of
a Project
Management

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

Each project, whether big or

small has three objectives:
• Each project should be
completed with a minimum of
Objectives of elapsed time
Project • It should use available
manpower and other resources
Management as sparingly possible, without
delay
• It should be completed with a
minimum capital investment,
without delay.

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

Phases of
project Project management involves, the
following three phases
Management • Project Planning
• Project Scheduling
• Project Controlling

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

• Planning is the most important phase of

the project management
Project • Planning is important because
Planning • It provides direction
• It provides unifying framework
• It helps to reveal future
opportunities and threats
• It provides performance standards.
• In the planning phase plan is made and
strategies are set, taking into
consideration the company's policies,
procedure and rules.

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

Plan
• It is the statement of intent, i.e., what is to be
done.
Project • It is interpreted in terms of what has to be done to
Planning the resources to achieve the intent.
• Plans are detailed methods,
formulated beforehand for doing or making
something.
• Plans simply list the goals and defines the means of
achieving them.

Strategy
• Strategy is one of the important type of plan.
• It specifies the central concept or purpose of
the enterprise as well as the means by which it
intent to carry that purpose

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

Events
• The listed goals are called as Events.

Project Activities
Planning • The means of achieving the goals is called as
Activities or operations

Policies
• Policies are broad guidelines for the enterprise.

Procedures
• Procedures specify how to proceed in some
situation.

Rules
• A rule is even more specific guide for action.

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

Steps in Project Planning

Define • The objectives of the project in definite words

Establish • Goals and stages intermediate to attain the final target

Develop • Forecast and means of achieving goals

Evaluate • Organization's resources – financial, managerial and operational to carry out

activities and to determine what is feasible and what is not

Determine • Alternatives – individual courses of action that will allow to accomplish goals.

Test • For consistency with company's policy

Choose • An alternative which is not consistent with its goals and concepts but also
one that can be accomplished with evaluated resouces

Decide • On a plan

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

Project Planning

Resources
• In running a project, there is a basic need of resources. These
resources can be classified under
• Material Resources (What)
• Equipment Resources (How)
• Space Resources (Where)
• Manpower Resources (Who)
• Time Resources (When)

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

Scheduling is the allocation of resources.

Scheduling is the mechanical process of formalizing

the planned functions, assigning the starting and
Project completion dates to each part of the work in a such
a manner that the whole work proceeds in a logical
Scheduling sequence and in orderly and systematic manner.

Scheduling is the laying out actual activities of

the project in time order in which they are to be
performed and calculating the manpower and
material requirements needed at each stage of
production, along with expected completion time
of each activity

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26
Calculate Detailed control information

Assign Timings to the Events and Activities

Steps in
Project Give Consideration to the resources. The
Scheduling resources availability are limited and thereby
impose constraint on the project. The important
ones are usually skilled, technical, and
supervisory manpower and capital investment

Allocate The resouces

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

Controlling consists of reviewing

the difference between the
schedule and the actual
performance once the project
has begun.

Project
Controlling
Project control is the
formal mechanism established
to determine to replan and
to determine
the precise effect of reschedule to
deviations from the
these deviations on compensate for the
basic plan,
the plan and deviations.

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

Steps in Project Controlling

• Standards or targets. These targets are generally
Establish expressed in terms of time

• Performance against the standards set down in the first

Measure step

Identify • The deviations from the standards

Suggest and • Correcting measures. This will involve all the problems
identifying, decision making and organizing and
Select leadership skill of the decision maker

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

A successful execution of project requires satisfactory human

relations system.

Human
aspects in Technical problems may be solved with additional input of
resources, but peoples problem is not readily resolved in short
Project term.

Management
To achieve satisfactory human relations in project setting,
project manager has to handle successfully problems relating to:
Group
Authority Orientation Motivation
Functioning

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

A project manager usually receives very

little formal authority between functional
lines of command.

He has to co-ordinate the efforts of various

functional groups consisting of
professionals and supervisory personnel.
Management
In order to gain authority he should be
Of Authority able to:

• Develop a rapport with the project personnel.

• Resolve conflicts among various people working on
the project.
• Have good professional reputation and stature, good
communication and persuasion skills.
• Ability to act as buffer between technical,
engineering, financial and commercial people.

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

• The efficient achievement of project targets

within given time and budget requires the
project manager to strengthen his managerial
orientation.
• Usually a project manager is an engineer
having technical knowledge and outlook to
problem handling, but for this he needs to
Management become engineer-manager.
Of • He needs to:
• Perform tasks of planning, organizing,
Orientation directing and controlling resources of the
firm.
• Adopt a creative approach to
unstructured problem solving.
• Attach greater importance to efficient
utilization of resources and resolution of
human relation problems.

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

• The project manager while working within

given socio- technical system can influence
the motivation level of the project
personnel.
• For this he should remember that
• Every human being has different needs
Management with differing importance attached to
them.
Of Motivation • Behavioral research reveals that
pressure to work is only functional to
an extent.
• Motivation level is strong with
challenging, achievable goal setting.
• Expectation of reward rather than fear
of punishment has a greater bearing

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

• To motivate project personnel, project

manager must:
• Be a perceptive observer of human
beings.
• Have the ability to appreciate the
variable needs of human beings.
Management • Be sensitive to the reactions of
Of people and act supportively rather
than threatening them.
Motivation • Have the skill of several styles of
management suitable to different
situations.

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

• A project manager should strive to build a mixed

group.
• A mixed group consists of people drawn from
different levels from various functions, departments
and companies.
• A mixed group promotes cohesion, is conducive to
creating a project attitude and develops
Management commitment for project.

Of Group • ‘Participative ‘ style of management should be

pursued by the management.
Functioning • The project manager should:
• Facilitate the development of mutual trust and
acceptance, open communication, co-
operation, and project attitude.
• Have leadership capabilities, sensitivity to
human nature, perceptiveness, maturity,
impartial approach, concern for welfare of
others

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

Dividing complex projects to simpler and
manageable tasks is the process identified as Work
Breakdown Structure (WBS).

Usually, the project managers use this method for

simplifying the project execution. In WBS, much
larger tasks are broken-down to manageable chunks
of work. These chunks can be easily supervised and
estimated.

In project management and systems engineering, is

a deliverable oriented decomposition of a project
into smaller components.

A work breakdown structure element may be a

product, data, a service, or any combination. A WBS
also provides the necessary framework for detailed
cost estimating and control along with providing
guidance for schedule development and control

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020

 SRM SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENT ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN – TN 26

It helps more accurately and

specifically define and
organize the scope of the
total project.

Purpose of To help with assigning

Work responsibilities, resource
allocation, monitoring the
Breakdown project, and controlling the
project
Structure
It allows to double check all
the deliverables specifics
with the stakeholders and
make sure there is nothing
missing or overlapping.

COMPILED BY: NARAYANAN M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR- SRM SEAD 2019-2020