High courts of India

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The high courts of India are the principal civil courts of original

jurisdiction in each state and union territory. However, a high court
exercises its original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the
subordinate courts are not authorized by law to try such matters for
lack of pecuniary, territorial jurisdiction. High courts may also enjoy
original jurisdiction in certain matters, if so designated specifically
in a state or federal law.
Basically, the work of most high courts primarily consists of appeals
from lower courts and writ petitions in terms of Article 226 of the
constitution. Writ jurisdiction is also an original jurisdiction of a high
court.
Each state is divided into judicial districts presided over by a
district and sessions judge. He is known as district judge when he
presides over a civil case, and session's judge when he presides
over a criminal case. He is the highest judicial authority below a
high court judge. Below him, there are courts of civil jurisdiction,
known by different names in different states. Under Article 141 of
the constitution, all courts in India — including high courts — are
bounded by the judgments and orders of the Supreme Court of India
by precedence.
Judges in a high court are appointed by the President of India in
consultation with the Chief Justice of India and the governor of
the state. High courts are headed by a chief justice. The chief
justices rank fourteenth (within their respective states) and
seventeenth (outside their respective states) on the Indian order of
precedence. The number of judges in a court is decided by dividing
the average institution of main cases during the last five years by
the national average, or the average rate of disposal of main cases
per judge per year in that High Court, whichever is higher.
The Calcutta High Court is the oldest high court in the country,
established on 2 July 1862. High courts that handle numerous cases
of a particular region have permanent benches established there.
Benches are also present in states which come under the
jurisdiction of a court outside its territorial limits. Smaller states
with few cases may have circuit benches established. Circuit
benches (known as circuit courts in some parts of the world) are
temporary courts which hold proceedings for a few selected months
in a year. Thus cases built up during this interim period are judged
when the circuit court is in session. According to a study conducted
by Bangalore-based NGO, Daksh, on 21 high courts in collaboration
with the Ministry of Law and Justice in March 2015, it was found
that average pendency of a case in high courts in India is 3 years.
[1]
 high court look after the issues which are not solved in district
court.high court's were first established in three presidency cities
of calcutta , bombay and madras in 1862.The high court of delhi
came up in 1966.currently there are 25 high courts.while many
states have their own high courts, punjab and haryana share a
common high court at chandigarh, and Four northeast states have a
common high court at guwahati.some high courts have been
benches in other parts of the state for greater accessibility .

Contents

 1High courts
 2High courts by states/union territories
 3Courts under a high court
 4Notes and citations
 5See also
 6References
 7External links

High courts[edit]
The Madras High Court in Chennai, Bombay High
Court in Mumbai, Calcutta High Court in Kolkata and Allahabad
High Court in Prayagraj are the oldest four high courts in India.
The following are the 25 high courts in India sorted by name, year
established, Act by which it was established, jurisdiction, principal
seat (headquarters), permanent benches (subordinate to the
principal seat), circuit benches (functional a few days in a
month/year), the maximum number of judges sanctioned and the
presiding chief justice of the high court.

Judges

Act Chi
Esta Princi Per Ad
Co esta To ef
blis Jurisdiction pal Bench(es) ma diti
urt blish tal Just
hed seat nen ona
ed Str ice
t l
en
Jud Jud
gth
ges ges

Allaha 17 Indian Uttar Pradesh Allahaba Lucknow[A] 160 76 84 Govind

bad March High d Mathur
High 1866 Courts
Court[ Act
2]
1861

Andhr 1 Andhra Andhra Pradesh Amarava — 37 28 9 J. K.

a Januar Pradesh ti Mahes
Prade y 2019 Reorga hwari
sh nisation
High Act,
Court[ 2014
 Judges

Act Chi
Esta Princi Per Ad
Co esta To ef
blis Jurisdiction pal Bench(es) ma diti
urt blish tal Just
hed seat nen ona
ed Str ice
t l
en
Jud Jud
gth
ges ges

3]

Bomb 14 Indian Goa, Dadra and Mumbai Aurangabad,[A]  94 71 23 B. P.

ay August High Nagar Haveli Nagpur,[A] Pan Dharm
High 1862 Courts and Daman and aji[A] adhikar
Court Act Diu, Maharasht i
1861 ra

Calcut 1 July Indian Andaman and Kolkata Port Blair[B] 72 54 18 T. B.

ta 1862 High Nicobar Jalpaiguri[B] Radhak
High Courts Islands, West rishnan
Court Act Bengal
1861

Chhat 1 Madhya Chhattisgarh Bilaspur — 22 17 5 P. R.

tisgar Novem Pradesh Ramac
h ber Reorga handra
High 2000 nisation Menon
Court Act,
2000

Delhi 31 Delhi National New — 60 45 15 Dhirub

High Octobe High Capital Delhi hai
Court[ r 1966 Court Territory of Naranb
4]
Act, Delhi hai
1966 Patel

Gauha 1 Govern Arunachal Guwahat Aizawl,[A] Itan 24 18 6 Ajai

ti March ment of Pradesh, Assam i agar,[A] Kohim Lamba
High 1948 India , Mizoram, Nag a[A]
Court[ Act aland
5]
1935

Gujar 1 May Bomba Gujarat Ahmeda — 52 39 13 Vikram

at 1960 y bad Nath
High Reorga
Court nsisatio
n Act,
 Judges

Act Chi
Esta Princi Per Ad
Co esta To ef
blis Jurisdiction pal Bench(es) ma diti
urt blish tal Just
hed seat nen ona
ed Str ice
t l
en
Jud Jud
gth
ges ges

1960

Himac 25 State of Himachal Shimla — 13 10 3 Lingap

hal Januar Himach Pradesh pa
Prade y 1971 al Naraya
sh Pradesh na
High Act, Swamy
Court 1970

Jamm 26 Letters Jammu and Srinagar/ — 17 13 4 Gita

u and March Patent i Kashmir, Ladak Jammu[C] Mittal
Kash 1928 ssued h
mir by
High then Ma
Court haraja
of
Kashmi
r, Jamm
u and
Kashmi
r
Reorga
nisation
Act,
2019

Jhark 15 Bihar Jharkhand Ranchi — 25 19 6 Ravi

hand Novem Reorga Ranjan
High ber nisation
Court 2000 Act,
2000

Karna 1884 Mysore Karnataka Bangalor Dharwad,[A] G 62 47 15 Abhay

taka High e ulbarga[A] Shreeni
High Court was
Court[ Act, Oka
6]
1884
Keral 1 States Kerala, Laksha Kochi — 47 35 12 S.
a High Novem Reorga dweep Manik
Court[ ber nisation umar
7]
1956 Act,
1956
 Judges

Act Chi
Esta Princi Per Ad
Co esta To ef
blis Jurisdiction pal Bench(es) ma diti
urt blish tal Just
hed seat nen ona
ed Str ice
t l
en
Jud Jud
gth
ges ges

Madh 2 Govern Madhya Jabalpur Gwalior,[A] Ind 53 40 13 Ajay

ya Januar ment of Pradesh ore[A] Kumar
Prade y 1936 India Mittal
sh Act
High 1935
Court[
8]

Madr 15 Indian Tamil Chennai,  Tamil Nadu 75 56 19 Amres

as August High Nadu, Puducher Madurai[ hwar
A]
High 1862 Courts ry Pratap
Court Act Sahi
1861
Manip 25 North- Manipur Imphal — 5 4 1 Ramali
ur March Eastern ngam
High 2013 Areas Sudhak
Court (Reorga ar
nisation
) and
Other
Related
Laws
(Amend
ment)
Act,
2012
Megh 23 North- Meghalaya Shillong — 4 3 1 Moha
alaya March Eastern mmad
High 2013 Areas Rafiq
Court (Reorga
nisation
) and
Other
Related
Laws
(Amend
ment)
Act,
2012
Orissa 3 April Orissa Odisha Cuttack — 27 20 7 Sanju
High 1948 High Panda
Court[ Court (acting)
9]
Ordinan
ce,
1948
Patna 2 Letters Bihar Patna — 53 40 13 Sanjay
High Septem Patent Karol
Court ber issued
1916 by
 Judges

Act Chi
Esta Princi Per Ad
Co esta To ef
blis Jurisdiction pal Bench(es) ma diti
urt blish tal Just
hed seat nen ona
ed Str ice
t l
en
Jud Jud
gth
ges ges

then Bri
tish
Crown
Punja 15 Punjab Chandigarh, Ha Chandig — 85 64 21 Ravi
b and August High ryana, Punjab arh Shanka
Harya 1947 Court r Jha
na Ordinan
High ce,
Court[ 1947
10]

Rajast 21 Rajasth Rajasthan Jodhpur Jaipur[A] 50 38 12 Indrajit

han June an High Mahant
High 1949 Court y
Court Ordinan
ce,
1949
Sikki 16 The Sikkim Gangtok — 3 3 0 Arup
m May 36th Kumar
High 1975 Amend Goswa
Court ment to mi
the
Indian
Constit
ution
Telan 1 Andhra Telangana Hyderab — 24 18 6 Raghve
gana Januar Pradesh ad ndra
High y 2019 Reorga Singh
Court[ nisation Chauha
11]
Act, n
2014
Tripu 26 North- Tripura Agartala — 4 4 0 Akil
ra March Eastern Abdulh
High 2013 Areas amid
Court (Reorga Kuresh
nisation i
) and
Other
Related
Laws
(Amend
ment)
Act,
2012
Uttara 9 Uttar Uttarakhand Nainital — 11 9 2 Rames
khand Novem Pradesh h
High ber Reorga Rangan
Court[ 2000 nisation athan
12]
 Judges

Act Chi
Esta Princi Per Ad
Co esta To ef
blis Jurisdiction pal Bench(es) ma diti
urt blish tal Just
hed seat nen ona
ed Str ice
t l
en
Jud Jud
gth
ges ges

Act,
2000
Total 1079 771 308
Notes

1. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m Permanent bench.

2. ^ Jump up to:a b Circuit bench.
3. ^ Srinagar is the summer capital; Jammu is the winter capital.

High courts by states/union territories[edit]

The Madras High Court in Chennai, one of the first four high courts of India

The Bombay High Court in Mumbai, one of the first four high courts of India

The Calcutta High Court in Kolkata, one of the first four high courts of India
The Allahabad High Court in Prayagraj, one of the first four high courts of India

The Karnataka High Court in Bengaluru

A working day view of the Kerala High Court in Kochi

The Gujarat High Court in Ahmedabad

State/UT Court Principal seat Bench(es) Official Website

Andaman and
Calcutta
Nicobar — Port Blair[a] calcuttahighcourt.nic.in
High Court
Islands

Arunachal Gauhati High

— Itanagar[b] ghcitanagar.gov.in
Pradesh Court

Andhra
Andhra
Pradesh High Amaravati — hc.ap.nic.in
Pradesh
Court

Gauhati High
Assam Guwahati — ghconline.nic.in
Court

Patna High
Bihar Patna — patnahighcourt.bih.nic.in
Court
 Punjab and
Chandigarh Haryana Chandigarh — highcourtchd.gov.in
High Court

Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh Bilaspur — highcourt.cg.gov.in
High Court

Dadra and
Nagar Haveli Bombay
Mumbai — bombayhighcourt.nic.in
and Daman High Court
and Diu

National
Capital Delhi High
New Delhi — delhihighcourt.nic.in
Territory of Court
Delhi

Bombay
Goa — Panaji[b] hcbombayatgoa.nic.in
High Court

Gujarat High
Gujarat Ahmedabad — gujarathighcourt.nic.in
Court

Punjab and
Haryana Haryana Chandigarh — highcourtchd.gov.in
High Court

Himachal
Himachal
Pradesh High Shimla — hphighcourt.nic.in
Pradesh
Court

Jammu and
Jammu and
Kashmir Srinagar/Jammu[c] — jkhighcourt.nic.in
Kashmir
High Court

Jharkhand
Jharkhand Ranchi — jharkhandhighcourt.nic.in
High Court

Karnataka
Karnataka Bangalore Dharwad[b] and Gulbarga[b] hck.gov.in
High Court

Kerala Kerala High Kochi — highcourtofkerala.nic.in

 Court

Jammu and
Ladakh Kashmir Srinagar/Jammu[c] — jkhighcourt.nic.in
High Court

Kerala High
Lakshadweep Kochi — highcourtofkerala.nic.in
Court

Madhya
Madhya
Pradesh High Jabalpur Gwalior[b] and Indore[b] mphc.in
Pradesh
Court

Bombay
Maharashtra Mumbai Aurangabad[b] and Nagpur[b] bombayhighcourt.nic.in
High Court

Manipur
Manipur Imphal — hcmimphal.nic.in
High Court

Meghalaya
Meghalaya Shillong — meghalayahighcourt.nic.in
High Court

Gauhati High
Mizoram — Aizawl[b] ghcazlbench.nic.in
Court

Gauhati High
Nagaland — Kohima[b] kohimahighcourt.gov.in
Court

Orissa High
Odisha Cuttack — orissahighcourt.nic.in
Court

Madras High
Puducherry Chennai — hcmadras.tn.nic.in
Court

Punjab and
Punjab Haryana Chandigarh — highcourtchd.gov.in
High Court

Rajasthan
Rajasthan Jodhpur Jaipur[b] hcraj.nic.in
High Court
 Sikkim High
Sikkim Gangtok — highcourtofsikkim.nic.in
Court

Madras High
Tamil Nadu Chennai Madurai[b] hcmadras.tn.nic.in
Court

Telangana
Telangana Hyderabad — hc.tap.nic.in
High Court

Tripura High
Tripura Agartala — thc.nic.in
Court

Allahabad
Uttar Pradesh Allahabad Lucknow[b] allahabadhighcourt.in
High Court

Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand Nainital — highcourtofuttarakhand.gov.in
High Court

Calcutta
West Bengal Kolkata Jalpaiguri[b] calcuttahighcourt.nic.in
High Court

Notes

1. ^ Circuit bench.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Permanent bench.
3. ^ Jump up to:a b Srinagar is the summer capital; Jammu is the winter capital.

Courts under a high court[edit]

 District courts
 District munsiff courts
 Courts of judicial magistrates of first class
 Courts of judicial magistrates of second
class
 E-courts

Notes and citations[edit]

1. ^ Thakur, Pradeep (22 March 2016). "HCs taking 3
years on average to decide cases: Study".  The
 Times of India. New Delhi. OCLC 23379369.
Retrieved 9 March  2018.
2. ^ Originally established at Agra, it shifted to
Allahabad in 1875.
3. ^ "High Court of Andhra Pradesh to function at
Amaravati from Jan 1, 2019". Bar & Bench. 26
December 2018. Retrieved 27 December  2018.
4. ^ Lahore High Court was established at Lahore on
21 March 1919 and had jurisdiction over undivided
Punjab and Delhi. On 11 August 1947 a
separate Punjab High Court was created with its
seat at Simla under the Indian Independence Act,
1947, which had jurisdiction over Punjab, Delhi and
present Himachal Pradesh and Haryana. In 1966 after
the reorganisation of the State of Punjab, the High
Court was designated as the Punjab and Haryana
High Court at Chandigarh. The Delhi High Court was
established on 31 October 1966 with its seat at Simla
which was later shifted to New Delhi in 1971 after the
Himachal Pradesh was granted the statehood with its
own High Court at Simla.
5. ^ Originally known as the High Court of Assam and
Nagaland, it was renamed as Gauhati High Court in
1971.
6. ^ Originally known as Mysore High Court, it was
renamed as Karnataka High Court in 1974.
7. ^ The High Court of Travancore-Cochin was
inaugurated at Kochi on 7 July 1949. The state of
Kerala was formed by the States Reorganisation Act,
1956. That Act abolished the Travancore-Cochin High
Court and created the Kerala High Court. The Act
also extended the jurisdiction of the Kerala High
Court to Lakshadweep.
8. ^ Under the Government of India Act 1935, a High
Court was established at Nagpur for the Central
Provinces by Letters Patent dated 2 January 1936.
After the reorganization of states, this High Court
was moved to Jabalpur in 1956.
9. ^ Though the State of Orissa was renamed Odisha in
March 2011, the Odissa High Court retained its
original name. There has been an ongoing discussion
on how to legally change the nomenclature of the
High Courts to reflect the renaming of states, but so
far none has changed.
10. ^ Originally known as Punjab High Court, it was
renamed as Punjab and Haryana High Court in 1966.
11. ^ Originally known as Andhra Pradesh High Court,
and it was established on 5 November 1956 but it
was renamed as High Court of Judicature at
Hyderabad in 2014, renamed again as Telangana
High Court on 20 April 1920.
 12. ^ Originally known as Uttaranchal High Court, it was
renamed as Uttarakhand High Court in 2007.

Though Telangana High Court was established in April 20, 2019 but
after the creation of separate Andhra Pradesh High Court on
January 1, 2019 the jurisdiction of the former will only be within the
state of Telangana . So, though it was established in 2019, when we
say Telangana High Court, we should mention the creation day as
January 1, 2019 i.e. same as the creation of Andhra Pradesh High
Court.

See also[edit]
 List of current Indian chief justices
 List of sitting judges of High Courts of India

References[edit]
 "Jurisdiction and Seats of Indian High
Courts".  Eastern Book Company.
Retrieved  2 September  2005.
 "Judge Strength in High Courts
Increased".  Press Information Bureau–Govt.
of India. Retrieved  2 September  2005.
 "Judiciary".  Supreme Court of India.
Archived from  the original  on 29 August
2005. Retrieved  2 September  2005.
 "Constitution of India".  Wikisource.
Retrieved  31 December  2005.
 "Madras High Court". Hcmadras.tn.nic.in.
Retrieved  24 December  2015.
 "Soon, High Courts in 3 Northeastern
States".  The Hindu. 11 May 2012.
Retrieved  11 May  2012.
 "New Chief Justice of Delhi High Court to
Assume Charge on Wednesday". Retrieved  6
November  2012.

External links[edit]
 Media related to High Courts in India at Wikimedia Commons

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 High courts of India

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Judiciary of India
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