A.

Pilihan Ganda 0 Jawaban: c

0 Jawaban: d 0 −2
a. q =, maka:
G G 1
u = 4i − 5j dan v = i + 6j G G 5 −2
0 ⋅
G
− + u v = ( 4i 5j ) × ( i
p ·q = ·
2 1
6j )
0 5×(–2)+2×1
0 4×1+(–5)×6 1 –10+2
1 4 + (–30) 2 –8
2 –26
0 0
b. q =, maka:
−4
1 Jawaban: b G G 5 0
p ·q = ·
JJJG G G 1 4 −3
AB = b – a = – = 2 −4
3 −2 5 5×0+2×(–4)
JJJG G G −3 1 −4 0 + (–8)
BC = c –b = – = –8
3
2 −1 0 4
JJJG JJJG −3 −4 c. q =, maka:
AB · BC = · −6
5 −1 G G 5 4
p ·q = ·
= –3×(–4)+5×(–1) 2 −6
=12–5 5×4+2×(–6)
=7 20 + (–12)
3. Jawaban: b 8
0 2
G G G d. q =, maka:
c=2a+ b −9
2 1 G G 5 2
=2 + p ·q = ·
3 2 −9
−5
4 1 5×2+2×(–9)
= + 10 + (–18)
3 –8
−10 0 −6
5 e. q =, maka:
= 11
−7 G G 5 −6
G G G p ·q = ·
d= a+2b 2 11
2 1 5×(–6)+2×11
= +2 –30 + 22
3 –8
−5
2 2 G G G = 4
= + Jadi, hasil p ·q = –8, kecuali untuk q .

−6
−5 6
0 4
1
GG 5 4
c·d = ·
−7 1
0 5×4+(–7)×1
1 20 + (–7)
2 13

Vektor
Jawaban: c 8. Jawaban: b
G G G G G G
4 −3 a · b = | a || b | cos ∠( a , b )
G G
a = −1 dan b = −5 0 5 × 2 × cos 30°

2 1 1
1 10× 2 3
4 −3
G G 2 5 3
a · b = −1 · −5
2 Jawaban: a
1
0 4×(–3)+(–1)×(–5)+2×1 G G 2 y
1 –12+5+2 sin ∠( u , v ) = 3 = r → y = 2 dan r = 3
2 –5
2 2
Jawaban: c x = 3 −2
= 9−4 3
4 3 2
G G = 5
a = −2 dan b = 2
G G x 5
1 −2
cos ∠( u , v ) = r = 3 x
4 4
G G 10. Jawaban: b
a · a = −2 · −2
G G G G G G

1 1 a · b = | a || b | cos ∠( a , b )
4×4+(–2)×(–2)+1×1 8 = 4 × 6 × cos α
16+4+1 8 = 24 cos α
21 8
cos α = 24
4 3
G G 1
a ·b = −2 · 2 cos α = 3
1 −2
1
4×3+(–2)×2+1×(–2) Jadi, nilai cos α = 3 .
12–4–2 d
11. Jawaban: G G G G
G G = 6G G G G G OA · OB = ( i + 2 j ) · (4 i + j )
a · ( a + b ) = a ·a + a ·b
1×4+2×2
21+6
4+4=8
27
OA ⋅ OB 8
Jawaban: d cos θ = =
2 2 2 2
|OA||OB| 1 +2 4 +2
G ˆ = 2i
ˆ
+ 3j – 2k
ˆ
8
u
0
G ˆ ˆ ˆ =
v = ai – 2j+ 4k G G 520 100
u · v = –4 8 4
⇒ 2 × a + 3 × (–2) + (–2) × 4 = –4 = 10 = 5 5 3
⇔ 2a – 6 – 8 = –4 3
⇔ 2a = 10 tan θ = 4 θ
4
⇔ a=5
G ˆ ˆ ˆ 12. Jawaban: a G G
Diperoleh v =5i – 2 j + 4 k , sehingga:
Misalkan α = sudut antara vektor a dan b .
G G ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ G G
u +v = (2 i +3j – 2 k ) + (5 i –2j+4k) a·b
ˆ ˆ ˆ cos α = G G
| a || b |
= 7 i+ j + 2 k
4×3+2×3+2×0
=
2 2 2 2 2 2
4 +2 +2 × 3 +3 + 0

Matematika Kelas X 25
 JJJG
18
24× 18 Misalkan sudut antara vektor OA dengan vektor
JJJG
183× 1 AC adalah α.
= = 36 JJJG JJJG
24 4×6 2 OA ⋅ AC −16 2 2
cos α = JJJG JJJG = =– =– 13
1
Oleh karena cos α = 3 maka α = 30°. |OA||AC| 4 ×2 13
JJJG 13 13
2
G G Jadi, nilai kosinus sudut antara vektor OA dengan
Jadi, besar sudut antara vektor a dan b adalah 30°. JJJG
2
Jawaban: b vektor AC adalah – 13 13 .
5 2 3 15. Jawaban: d
JJJG G G G G G G G G
BA = a –b = 1 – −1 = 2 u · v = | u | | v| cos ∠( u , v )
3 −1 4 1 1
4 2 2 2 2
JJJG G G ⇒ 2 · − 2= 1+ 2 + a 1+ 2 + a cos π
BC = c –b = 2 – −1 = 3 3

JJJG JJJG −4 −1 −3 a a
BA · BC=3×2+2×3+4×(–3) 1
2 2
=6+6–12=0 1 – 2 + a = (1 + 2 + a ) × 2
JJJG
2 2
2 2 2 2(–1 + a ) = 3 + a
|BA | = 3 +2 +4 2 2
= –2 + 2a = 3 + a
= 9+4+16 29 2
JJJG a =5
|BC| = 2 2 2 a=± 5
2 + 3 + (−3)
= Jadi, nilai a adalah – 5 atau 5 .
= 4+9+9 22
Misalkan sudut ABC = α, maka: 16. Jawaban: d
JJJG JJJG G G
BA ⋅ BC 0 Vektor u tegak lurus v , maka:
cos α = JJJG JJJG = =0 G G
|BA||BC| 29 × 22
u·v=0
π
α= 2 2−6
π
· =0
Jadi, besar sudut ABC = 2 . −3 p
2 × (–6) + (–3) × p = 0
Jawaban: d –12 – 3p = 0
4 0 ⇔ –3p = 12
JJJG JJJG ⇔ p = –4
OA =0 ,
OC =6
Jadi, nilai p = –4.
0 0
JJJG JJJG JJJG 17. Jawaban: a G
= – G
AC OC OA Oleh karena vektor p dan q saling tegak lurus,
04−4 G G
6–0=6 berlaku p · q = 0.
000 3 2
⇒ −6 · −1 = 0
4 −4
JJJG JJJG −4 x
OA · AC =
0 · 6 3 × 2 + (–6) × (–1) + (–4) × x = 0
0 0 ⇔ 6 + 6 – 4x = 0
=4×(–4)+0×6+0×0 =–16 ⇔ 12 – 4x = 0
JJJG
2 2 2 ⇔ 4x = 12
|AC| = (−4) + 6 + 0
⇔ x=3
16+36+0
G 2
= Diperoleh vektor q = −1 .
52 213 3

Vektor
 G G G G
⇔ a·a +2·0+b ·b = 169
G G G 3 2 4 G G G G
p –2q + 3 r = −6 – 2 −1 +3 −2 ⇔ a·a +b · b = 169
G
−4 3 1 ⇔ |a |2 + |b|2 = 169
G
3 4 12 ⇔ 52 + | b |2 = 169
G
= −6 – −2 + −6 ⇔ | b |2 =169–25=144
G
−4 6 3
11 ⇔ G |b | = 12
−10 −7 Jadi, panjang vektor b adalah 12.

18. Jawaban: c G G
Oleh karena vektor a tegak lurus dengan vektor c , B. Uraian
G G
berlaku a · c = 0. G 4
1. a. U(4, 2) ⇒u=
1 × 2 + 2 × 1 + (–x) × 2 = 0
2
⇔ 2 + 2 – 2x = 0
⇔ –2x = –4 G −1
V(–1, 5) ⇒ v =
⇔ x=2 5
G ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
G G 4 −1
Diperoleh a = i +2j – xk = i + 2 j – 2k .

GG ·
a · a =1×1+2×2+(–2)×(–2)=1+4+4=9 u·v=
GG 2 5
b·a =3×1+(–2)×2+1×(–2)=3–4–2=–3
GG 4×(–1)+2×5
a · c =1×2+2×1+(–2)×2=2+2–4=0 –4+10
GG 6
b · c =3×2+(–2)×1+1×2=6–2+2=6
G G G G G G G G G G G G 2
( a + b )( a – c ) = a · a + b · a – a · c – b · c G
9+(–3)–0–6 b. U(2, 1, –3) ⇒ u = 1
0
G G G G −3
Jadi, ( a + b )( a – c ) = 0. 4
G
19. Jawaban: b V(4, –2, 3) ⇒ v = −2
G G G G

a⊥b⇔a·b=0
), maka: GGa⊥(b+2c
3

G 2 4
G G G
0 2 c ) = 0 a·(b ·
G G G G
u·v = 1 −2
⇔ a·b+2a·c=0
1 G −3 3
0+2a·c=0 2×4+1×(–2)+(–3)×3
0 G
2a·c=0 8 + (–2) + (–9)
0 G –3
a·c=0
G G G G G G G 4 2
a ⋅ (2b − c) = 2a ⋅ b − a ⋅ c G G
2. u = −1 dan v= −3
=2×0–0
2 −2
=0
20. Jawaban: d 4 2
G G G G G G
a dan b saling tegak lurus ⇒ a ·b = 0. a. u · v = −1 · −3
G G 2 −2
| a + b | = 13 G G 4×2+(–1)×(–3)+2×(–2)
⇔ | a + b |2 = 132
8+3–4=7
G G G G
⇔ ( a + b ) · ( a + b ) = 169
G G G G G G
⇔ a · a + 2( a · b ) + b · b = 169

Matematika Kelas X 27
 G
4 4 Panjang vektor u :
G G G 2 2
b. u ·u = −1 · −1 |u | = (−3) +(−3)
2 2
= 9+9
=4×4+(–1)×(–1)+2×2
=16+1+4=21 = 18
G G G G G G G
=3 2
u · (2 v + u ) = 2 u · v + u · u G JJJG G G
=2×7+21=35 v = AC = c – a
2 2 32
c. G G
= −3 −3 –
v ·v · −2 5 1
−2 −2
= 2 × 2 + (–3) × (–3) + (–2) × (–2) −7
=4+9+4=17 G
G G G G G G G G Panjang vektor v :
G
( v +u ) · ( v – u ) = v · v – u · u
2 2
G G G G=17–21=–4 |v|= 1 + ( −7)

d. (2 vG+ uG) · ( vG – 3Gu ) G G G G 1+ 49

=2v ·v –6u ·v+u · v –3u ·u
G G G G G G 50
=2v · v–5u ·v–3u ·u
2×17–5×7–3×21 5 2
34–35–63 G −3 G 1
b. u = dan v = , maka:
–64
−3 −7
G G G G 1 G G −3 1
3. a. | u | = 4, | v | = 2 2, dan cos ∠( u,v)= 4 6, u ·v = ·
maka: −3 −7
G G G G G G –3 × 1 + (–3) × (–7)
u · v = | u || v | cos ∠( u , v ) –3+21
=4× 2 2 × 1 6 18
0 G
4 c. Nilai kosinus sudut antara vektor u dan v :
G G
=212 G G u⋅v
cos ∠( u , v)= G G
=4 3 | u || v |
G G G G 18
b. |u|=3 2 , | v | = 5 3 , dan ∠( u , v ) = 45°.
G G G G G G 1 32×52
u · v = | u || v | cos ∠( u , v )
18
= 3 2 × 5 3 × cos 45° 2 30
1
= 15 6 × 2 3
2 3 5
15
= 12 Diketahui A(3, 3, –2), B(3, 7, 2), dan C(–1, 7, –2).
2

= 15 3 JJJG 3 3 0
a. BA = 3 – 7 = −4
4. Diketahui A(2, 5), B(–1, 2), dan C(3, –2).
G JJJG G G −2 2 −4
a. u = AB = b – a
−1 3 −4
−1 2 JJJG
= – BC = 7 – 7 = 0
2 5 −2 2 −4
−3
=
−3
 JJJG
2 2 2 7. Vektor , , dan searah maka = n dan
|BA| = 0 + (−4) + (−4) G G

= 0+16+16 = 32 a =mc.
JJJG
2 2 2 G G
|BC| = (−4) + 0 + (−4) x 2z
a =nb ⇒ −4 = n −y
= 16+0+16 = 32 1 18
y
JJJG JJJG 0 −4 2

b. BA ·BC = −4 · 0 Dari kesamaan vektor diperoleh:

−4 −4 4
–4 = –ny ⇔ n = y
0 × (–4) + (–4) × 0 + (–4) × (–4)
0+0+16=16 1 1 4
JJJG JJJG 2 y = 18n ⇒ 2y = y × 18
BA ⋅BC 16 16 1
c. cos ∠ABC = JJJG JJJG = = = 2
|BA||BC| 32 32 32 2 y = 4 × 36
⇔ ∠ABC = 60° y = ±2 × 6
Jadi, besar ∠ABC = 60°. = ±12
Oleh karena y bilangan bulat positif maka y = 12.
6. A(4, 3, 2), B(2, 4, 2), dan C(3, 1, 2)
JJJG G G 2 4 −2 G G x 1
AB = b – a = 4 – 3 = 1
a =mc ⇒ −4 = m −x
2 2 0 1 z
y
JJJG G G 3 4 −1 2
AC = c – a = 1 – 3 = −2
x 1
JJJG JJJG 2 2 0 ⇔ −4 = m −x
AB · AC=–2×(–1)+1×(–2)+0×0 1 z
2–2+0 2 ⋅12
0 x 1
JJJG ⇔ −4 = m −x
2 2 2
|AB| = (−2) + 1 + 0
4+1+0 6 z
Dari kesamaan vektor diperoleh:
5 x=m×1⇔m=x
JJJG –4 = m × (–x) ⇒ –4 = x × (–x)
| AC | = (−1)2 + (−2)2 + 02 4=x
2
1+4+0 x = ±2
5 Oleh karena x bilangan bulat positif maka x =
Misalkan sudut BAC = α, maka: 2. 6 = mz ⇒ 6 = xz
JJJG JJJG 6 = 2z
AB⋅AC 0 z=3
cos α = JJJG JJJG = =0
|AB||AC| 5× 5 Dengan demikian diperoleh:
α=90°
G ˆ ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ ˆ 1 ˆ
Diperoleh besar ∠BAC = 90°. a = xi – 4 j +2 × y k = 2 i – 4 j + 2 × 12 k
JJJG JJJG ˆ ˆ ˆ
Oleh karena | AB | = | AC | maka segitiga ABC =2i –4j +6k
G ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
sama kaki, sehingga: b = 2z i – y j + 18 k = 2 × 3 i – 12 j + 18 k
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
∠ABC = ∠ACB = 2 (180° – 90°) = 45° = 6 i – 12 j + 18 k
G ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
Jadi, ∠BAC = 90° dan ∠ABC = ∠ACB = 45°. c =i –xj+zk =i–2j+3k
 ⇔ –6 – x + 10 = 0
G G G
2 6 1 ⇔ –x + 4 = 0
a ·(b – c)= −4 · − 12 − −2
⇔ x=4
6 18 3 G G
Vektor b searah dengan c maka:
G G
2 5 b =mc
= −4 · −10
6 15 3 y
=2×5+(–4)×(–10)+6×15 ⇒ −1 = m −2

=10+40+90 2 x
= 140 3 y
G G G
Jadi, nilai a·(b– c ) = 140. ⇔ −1 =m −2
G G
8. | a | = 13 dan | b | = 8 2 4
12 5 3 ym
tan α = 5 ⇔ cos α = 13
G G G G 5 ⇔ −1 = −2m
a. a ·b = | a | | b | cos α = 13 × 8 × = 40
G G G G G G G 13 2 4m
b. a ·(a + )= a· a + a·
b G G G b Dari kesamaan vektor diperoleh:
= | a |2 + a · b 1
–1 = –2m ⇔ m = 2
=132+40 1
=169+40 ym = 3 ⇒ y × 2 = 3
= 209 ⇔ y=3×2=6
G G G
|2
G
c. |a + b = ( a + b )2 Jadi, nilai x = 4 dan y = 6.
G G G G
−2 3 y
= (Ga +G b ) ·G ( a G+ b )G G G G G G G
=a·a +a· b+ b ·a+ b·b b. a +b– c= x +
−1 − −2
G2 G G G 2
= | a | + 2 a ·b + | b | 5 2
x
=132+2×40+82 −2 3 6 −5
=169+80+64=313
G G = 4 + −1 − −2=5
|a+b|
2 = 313 5 2 4 3
G G
⇔ |a + b|= 313 −5
G G G G G
d. | a – b |2 = ( a – b )2 G G
G G G G Jadi, hasil operasi ( a + b – c ) adalah 5.
=(a – b)·(a – b)
G G G G G G G G 3
G JG
= a G · a –G a · G b – G b · a + b · b 10. Misal θ = sudut antara vektor u dan w .
= | a |2 – 2 a · b + | b | 2 G JG G JG
=132–2×40+82 ( u + w ) · ( u+ w ) = 13
G G G JG JG JG
=169–80+64=153 ⇔ u · u + 2 u · w + w · w = 13
G G 2 G G JG JG
|a – b | = 153 ⇔ | u | + 2| u || w | cos θ + | w |
2 = 13
2

G G
⇔ | a – b | = 153 = 3 17 ⇔(4 3)2+2× 4 3 × 5 × cos θ + 52 = 13
G G
9. a. Vektor a tegak lurus dengan b maka: ⇔ 48+ 40 3 × cos θ + 25 = 13
G G
a ·b=0 ⇔ 40 3 × cos θ = –60
−2 3 1
⇔ cos θ = – 2 3
⇒ x · −1 =0 ⇔ θ = 150°
5 2 G JG
Jadi, besar sudut antara vektor u dan w adalah
⇔ –2 × 3 + x × (–1) + 5 × 2 = 0 150°.