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    Data Collection Method Advantages Disadvantages

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    Owais_Khuwaja_7129
    Primary data collection has advantages such as addressing specific research issues and allowing for greater control, but it is also costly, time consuming, and not always feasible. Common primary data collection methods include questionnaires, interviews, and observation. Questionnaires can cover a large sample size cheaply but have low response rates. Interviews allow for in-depth questions but are time consuming and expensive. Observation provides freedom to research different organizations but requires subjects to understand what data is being collected. All primary data collection methods have disadvantages such as costs, time requirements, and potential response biases.

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    Data Collection Method Advantages Disadvantages

    Uploaded by

    Owais_Khuwaja_7129
    292 views4 pages
    Primary data collection has advantages such as addressing specific research issues and allowing for greater control, but it is also costly, time consuming, and not always feasible. Common primary data collection methods include questionnaires, interviews, and observation. Questionnaires can cover a large sample size cheaply but have low response rates. Interviews allow for in-depth questions but are time consuming and expensive. Observation provides freedom to research different organizations but requires subjects to understand what data is being collected. All primary data collection methods have disadvantages such as costs, time requirements, and potential response biases.

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    13392390 Data Collection Method

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    Primary data collection has advantages such as addressing specific research issues and allowing for greater control, but it is also costly, time consuming, and not always feasible. Common primary data collection methods include questionnaires, interviews, and observation. Questionnaires can cover a large sample size cheaply but have low response rates. Interviews allow for in-depth questions but are time consuming and expensive. Observation provides freedom to research different organizations but requires subjects to understand what data is being collected. All primary data collection methods have disadvantages such as costs, time requirements, and potential response biases.

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    292 views4 pages

    Data Collection Method Advantages Disadvantages

    Uploaded by

    Owais_Khuwaja_7129
    Primary data collection has advantages such as addressing specific research issues and allowing for greater control, but it is also costly, time consuming, and not always feasible. Common primary data collection methods include questionnaires, interviews, and observation. Questionnaires can cover a large sample size cheaply but have low response rates. Interviews allow for in-depth questions but are time consuming and expensive. Observation provides freedom to research different organizations but requires subjects to understand what data is being collected. All primary data collection methods have disadvantages such as costs, time requirements, and potential response biases.

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    Data collection method Advantages Disadvantages

    Primary Data Collectio • Addresses Specific Rese • Cost


    n arch Issues
    • Time Consuming
    • Greater Control
    • Not Always Feasible
    • Efficient Spending for Inf
    ormation

    • Proprietary Information

    1. Questionnaire
    • Can be used as a metho • Design problems.
    d in its own right or as a
    basis for interviewing or a • Questions have to be rela
    telephone survey. tively simple.

    • Can be posted, e-mailed • Historically low response


    or faxed. rate (although inducemen
    ts may help).
    • Can cover a large numbe
    r of people or organizatio • Time delay whilst waiting
    ns. for responses to be retur
    ned.
    • Wide geographic coverag
    e. • Require a return deadline.

    • Relatively cheap. • Several reminders may b


    e required.
    • No prior arrangements ar
    e needed. • Assumes no literacy prob
    lems.
    • Avoids embarrassment o
    n the part of the respond • No control over who com
    ent. pletes it.

    • Respondent can consider • Not possible to give assis


    responses. tance if required.

    • Possible anonymity of re • Problems with incomplete


    spondent. questionnaires.

    • No interviewer bias. • Replies not spontaneous


    and independent of each
    other.
    • Respondent can read all
    questions beforehand an
    d then decide whether to
    complete or not. For exa
    mple, perhaps because it
    is too long, too complex,
    uninteresting, or too pers
    onal

    Data collection method Advantages Disadvantages

    2. Interviews
    • Serious approach by res • Need to set up interviews.
    pondent resulting in accu
    a) Personal interview rate information. • Time consuming.

    • Good response rate. • Geographic limitations.

    • Completed and immediat • Can be expensive.


    e.
    • Normally need a set of qu
    • Possible in-depth questio estions.
    ns.
    • Respondent bias – tende
    • Interviewer in control and ncy to please or impress,
    can give help if there is a create false personal ima
    problem. ge, or end interview quick
    ly.
    • Can investigate motives
    and feelings. • Embarrassment possible
    if personal questions.
    • Can use recording equip
    ment. • Transcription and analysi
    s can present problems –
    • Characteristics of respon subjectivity.
    dent assessed – tone of
    voice, facial expression, • If many interviewers, train
    hesitation, etc. ing required.

    • Can use props.


    b) Telephone interview
    • If one interviewer used, u
    niformity of approach.

    • Used to pilot other metho


    ds.

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    • Relatively cheap. • Often connected with selli
    ng.
    • Quick.
    • Questionnaire required.
    • Can cover reasonably lar
    ge numbers of people or • Not everyone has a telep
    organizations. hone.

    • Wide geographic coverag


    e.
    • Repeat calls are inevitabl
    e – average 2.5 calls to g
    et someone.
    • High response rate – kee
    p going till the required n • Time is wasted.
    umber.
    • Straightforward questions
    • No waiting. are required.

    • Spontaneous response. • Respondent has little tim


    e to think.
    • Help can be given to the
    respondent. • Cannot use visual aids.

    • Can tape answers. • Can cause irritation.

    • Good telephone manner i


    s required.

    Data collection method Advantages Disadvantages

    3. Observation
    • Useful for collecting infor • Subjects need to be clear
    mation from employees. about what they are bein
    g asked to do, why and w
    • Different writers compare hat you plan to do with th
    d and contrasted simulta e data.
    neously.
    • Diarists need to be of a c
    ertain educational level.

    • Allows the researcher fre


    edom to move from one
    organization to another. • Some structure is necess
    ary to give the diarist .foc

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    • Researcher not personall us, for example, a list of h
    y involved. eadings.

    • Diaries can be used as a • Encouragement and reas


    preliminary or basis for in surance are needed as c
    tensive interviewing. ompleting a diary is time-
    consuming and can be irr
    • Used as an alternative to itating after a while.
    direct observation or whe
    re resources are limited. • Progress needs checking
    from time-to-time.

    • Confidentiality is required
    as content may be critical.

    Analyses problems, so yo
    u need to consider how r
    esponses will be coded b
    efore the subjects start fill
    ing in diaries

    Data collection method Advantages Disadvantages

    • Unobtrusive • Data availability


    Secondary Data Collec • Fast & inexpensive • Level of observation
    tion • Avoid data collection pro • Quality of documentation
    blems • Data quality control
    • Provide bases for compa • Outdated data
    rison • Quality of Researcher
    • Ease of Access • Not Specific to Research
    • Low Cost to Acquire er’s Needs
    • May Help Clarify Researc • Inefficient Spending for In
    h Question formation
    • May Answer Research Q • Incomplete Information
    uestion • Not Timely
    • May Show Difficulties in • Not Proprietary Informati
    Conducting Primary Res on
    earch

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