Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Ncert Exemplar Class 12 Maths Chapter 2 PDF

    Uploaded by

    aaditya
    13 views24 pages

    Original Title

    ncert-exemplar-class-12-maths-chapter-2.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
    13 views24 pages

    Ncert Exemplar Class 12 Maths Chapter 2 PDF

    Uploaded by

    aaditya

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
    of 24
    ~) Chapter (74 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 2.1 Overview 2.1.1 Inverse function Inverse of a function ‘f” exists, if the function is one-one and onto, ie, bijective. Since trigonometric functions are many-one over their domains, we restrict their domains and co-domains in order to make them one-one and onto and then find their inverse, The domains and ranges (principal value branches) of inverse trigonometric functions are given below: Functions Domain Range (Principal value branches) =u2 Lit aD y= cose Lt (0.x) “nk = = (I Ss -10) cosec"'x R-Ci)) 32 70) ® y = secx R11) (om- > A hE y = tate a y= cot! R On) Notes: (i) The symbol sin-!x should not be confused with (sinx)"!. Infact sin-'x is an angle, the value of whose sine is x, similarly for other trigonometric functions. Gi) The smallest numerical value, either positive or negative, of 0 is called the principal value of the function. 20/04/2018 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 19 (iii) Whenever no branch of an inverse trigonometric function is mentioned, we mean the principal value branch. The value of the inverse trigonometic function which lies in the range of principal branch is its principal value. 2.1.2. Graph of an inverse trigonometric function ‘The graph of an inverse trigonometric function can be obtained from the graph of original function by interchanging x-axis and y-axis, i, if (a, b) is a point on the graph of trigonometric function, then (b, a) becomes the corresponding point on the graph of its inverse trigonometric function. It can be shown that the graph of an inverse function can be obtained from the corresponding graph of original function as a mirror image (i.e., reflection) along the line y =x. 2.1.3 Properties of inverse trigonometric functions 1 sin! (sin x) =x cos (cos x) = x tan-'(tan x) =x cot "(cot x) sec |(sec x) =x . “nn cosee"(cosec x) =x : xe rg ~ (0) 2. sin (sina) =x xeFll cos(cos'xy=x xe(-ll] tan (tan x) =x : xeR cot(cot!xy=x xeR sec (sec x) =x xeR-(-1,1) cosec (cose! x) =x xeR- (1,1) 1 3. ~ xeER- (Cl) cos reR- (11) 20/04/2018 20 MATHEMATICS id 4 pT = scot x30 x 4, 5. sin + cos xeLtl] tant + cotly = > 2 xeR x sex + cosee-!x = > x¢R-[-1,1 6. tant + tanty = tan! pay x20 1+x tantly = tan! ——> -l0, Obeing in Book the first quadrant, hence cos" “5~ = &. a Example 2 Evaluate tan! 811 >> Solution tan! sin = tary -sin{ = ] | taney = -2, 2 2 4 130 Example 3 Find the value of cos! Cos~—= 13m q, Solution cos Cos = cos | cos(2n+—)) = if cost cos"| cos ( 6 ) " ala on Example 4 Find the value of tan! tan. on x Solution tan" ae = tan" tan mt wells Example 5 Evaluate tan (tan 4). Solution Since tan (tan'x) =x, y xe R, tan (tan(—4) Example 6 Evaluate: tan J3— sec“! (-2) 0104/2018 22. MATHEMATICS Solution tan J3—- sec! (— 2) = tan J3 — [mw - sec"'2] x afl = -nteos"!| — 3 2 4 Example 7 Evaluate: Sin” cos sin Solution sin cos. sin Example 8 Prove that tan(cot"'x) = cot (tan-!x), State with reason whether the equality is valid for all values of x. Solution Let cot'x = @. Then cot @ =x a - or, an 5-0 =x = tan x= So tan(cot" x) = tan0 =cot (5-2 eo Fe" =} ‘The equality is valid for all values of x since tan! and coty are true for.x€ R. (tan! x) Example 9 Find the value of sec (we : 3) Solution Let tan™ > Where 0€ (- which gives _see0="—— 8 Example 10 Find value of tan (cos-!x) and hence evaluate tan ¢0S”' TT Solution Let cos"'x = @, then cos @ = x, where 0 € [0.7] 0104/2018 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 23 al-cos’0_ Vi=x7 fe iy) = tan = Therefore, tan(cos'x) 050 7 (8 17) 1s s&s 8 7 5 Example 11 Find the value of sin 2cot! — -5 site tae (3) Now sin 2cot! 75 =sin 2y = 2siny cosy = 2 BS | ince cot y<0, So »(5-]| BB 120 169 hi 1 ad Example 12 Evaluate 08 sin’! + sec Solution cos sin teo't = consi soos] = e08 sin" cos cos! —sin sin sin cos 4 4 Bhool 1h 30 4 av 4 3Vi5_1v7_3i5-V7 4°44 16 0104/2018 24 MATHEMATICS Long Answer (L.A.) 17 . 3 : x Example 13 Prove that 2sin' — tan! 57 = 7 3 Solution Let sin via ad . then sind = =, where 0 [2 5 w 2 3 Thus tan @= 7, which gives @ = tan'> ‘Therefore, 2sinS — tam! 5 Example 14 Prove that cot] + cot8 + cot'18 = cot'3 Solution We have cot] + cot'8 + cor'l8 race a tant) igepnth te = tar 7 + tan gran 18 (since cot tar xrifx> 0) 11 | 778 2 11 _ tan + tan! — ., vey = it 18 (since x.y = 5-3 <1) 78 0104/2018 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 25 a3 alt = tan! —+tan ie =" (since xy < 1) 1 65 al = tan 1 (= tan 3 =cot'3 Example 15 Which is greater, tan 1 or tarr! 12 Solution From Fig. 2.1, we note that tan x is an increasing function in the interval EY tstan =. This 777 since 1> 7 stan 1> tan 7. This gives tan1>1 tunl>1>7 = n 7 = tan 1 > 1 > tan" (1). Example 16 Find the value of sf 2tan"! 5 Jeeta v3), 2 2 Solution Lettam! 5 = and tan! J3 =y so that tanx= > and any= J3. Therefore, sl 2tan* 5 Josten" v3) sin (2x) +08 y 2tanx 1 7. = = Tran Jittan?y = 12, 1_37 13° 2 26° 0104/2018 26 MATHEMATICS Example 17 Solve for.x 1 tan x,x>0 2 . af Ie. e Solution From given equation, we have zea (ies ns ex => 2{tan“' tan“! x] = tan"! x 2) — 3te =stan* x = Spang Es > 3 Example 18 Find the values of x which satisfy the equation sin x + sin (I — x) = cos Solution From the given equation, we have sin (sin x + sine! (1 —x)) =>sin (sin™' x) cos (sin™' (1 = x)) + cos (sin x) sin (sin! (1 ~ x) ) = sin (cos x) = xyi-d-a? += i= = Ji-? =p xy2xax? + fl-x? (l-x-1)=0 => ax? -yi-? )=0 =>x=0 or =x=0 or x Example 19 Solve the equation sin-'6x + sin"! 6 3.x = —> mo Solution From the given equation, we have sin-! 6x = —5—sin ‘63x 0104/2018 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 27 x = sin (sin! 6x) = sin | —5~sin 6v3.x = = 1 = Sxsa— 12 Note that x =— = is the only root of the equation as x= — does not satisfy it. 12 12 Example 20 Show that a, (x B -; sinaccosB 2 tan! {tan©.tan/ =P |= tan-t§ Sn aeosB 2 (42 cosor+sinB 2ean%.tan( = 8 i 2 42 4 2x Solution L.H.S. = zB since 2tan"! x= tan"! = t+tan? & tan?/ * Hx 2 42 a 1tanB 2tan $ 2 t+tan? - 2 1-tan® 2a 2 I-tan? & ; 2 | i+tan® 2 0104/2018 28 MATHEMATICS 2tan& 2 T+tan? & E 2 2 2a I-tan? = a Letan? & n 2 ww ‘in cosB Objective type questions Choose the correct answer from the given four options in each of the Examples 21 to 41. Example 21 Which of the following corresponds to the principal value branch of tan!? un (Ay (-$4) (B) [-2.3] © ei 5} ©) Om) Solution (A) is the correct answer. Example 22 The prineipal value branch of sec! is (a) [-3.2}0 (B) fo.n}-{3} © On ) (-33) 2004/2018 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 29 Solution (B) is the correct answer. Example 23 One branch of cos" other than the principal value branch. corresponds to re) [5 =| (By [r oal-{= (C) (0,2) (D) (2m, 37) Solution (D) is the correct answer. 4 430 Example 24 The value of sin ((F)) is 3m -In X t A) > 8) = © i iD) - 7, 5 Example 25 The principal value of the expression cos [cos (- 680°)] is ay 2% py 22 o) ME > (A) 8) > OG (D) ela Solution (A) is the correct answer, cos"' (cos (680°)) = cos [cos (720° - 40°)] Qn = [cos (— 40°)] = cos"! [cos (40°)] = 40° = 7 Example 26 The value of cot (sin'x) is 20/04/2018 30 MATHEMATICS © (D) 1 x x Solution (D) is the correct answer. Let sin-! x= ®, then sin@ =x 1 => cosec@=— => cosec’® x Example 27 Iftar! = 75 for some x € R, then the value of cot x is 2n 3n 4n 5 © = D) > ay = B ™ 4 ©) 5 x Solution (B) is the correct answer. We know tan'x + cot'x = 7 Therefore Hen. = ree sewye BEL 2 10 i Example 28 The domain of sin"! 2x is (A) [0,1] (B) [-11 11 (© [-44] (D) [-2, 2] Solution (C) is the correct answer. Let sin'2x = @ so that 2x = sin 0. Now = 1 Sx< Example 29 The principal value of sin 0104/2018 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 41 Qn 1X 4n Sm wry (B) -Z (C) 3 (D) 3 3 3 Solution (B) is the correct answer. n= Fae @) 525 w x vr d *and0. (© “pand—] Qo Solution (A) is the correct answer. We have (Sint)? + (Cos "x? = (sin-!x + cosy? = 2 sin'x cost x Example 31 Let @ = sin" (sin (— 600°), then value of @ is 20/04/2018 32. MATHEMATICS a) * B) > oC > bp) = A 5 ®) 5 OF o> Solution (A) is the correct answer. sin“ sin] ~600x— |-sin™ 180 Example 32 The domain of the funetion y = sin (—°) is (A) (0,1) (B) (0,1) (© Fu (D) Solution (C) is the comeet answer. y = si! (x4) => ie. -1<-x<1 (since~1 0 |s|Slie.-1Sx<1 Example 33 The domain of y = cos"! (x? 4) is (A) B51 (B) [0.x] () [V5.-v3]u[N3. v5] © [5-8] 045.5] Solution (D) is the correct answer. y = cos (x 4) => cosy ie. -1< °-4<1 (since-1 +t csine+t ¢ E42 ® esirus® ¢ Bt 2p sinery S72 = 0 < sin'x + (sin'x + cos) < = 0 < 2sin'y + cosy < m Example 41 The value of tan? (sec'2) + cot? (cosec"'3) is (A) 5 (B) © 2B (D) 15 Solution (B) is the correct answer. tan? (sec'2) + cot? (cosec!3) = sec® (sec!2) — 1 + cosec* (cosee™!3) ~ 1 =P x1+3-2 MM. 2.3 EXERCISE Short Answer (S.A.) aif jg, 5 af 13m 1, Find the value of tan} tan=—~ }rcos | cos = i r 2. Evaluate cos cos! = +> 2 6 3. Prove that Cot F_2e0t" 357 4. Find the value of tan” +tan" sin Qn a Find the value of tan | an (A 6. Show that tan! 3) => + tam"'| SJ. 0104/2018 36 10. uu. MATHEMATICS Find the real solutions of the equation tan! Jx(x+1)+sin Nyt tatlas al . Find the value of the expression sin (2 tan ‘5 feos '2y2) a If 2 tarr! (cos 6) = tar! (2 cosec ), then show that @ = 7, where 1 is any integer. Show that oo 2a 7 sn ( sm ah Solve the following equation cos (tan x). sn oe"? Long Answer (L.A.) 12. 13. 14, 15. 16. 17. Prove that €@n"! as ite -Ji-2 Pi a3 4 Find the simplified form of cos” gene » wherexe Prove that sin 8 sin? rove that sin —+sin = 7 5 Show that sin —+cos3= tan 3 wae 5 16° tan? stant 2 sin 4 Prove that tan”! 7 E i 4tan tL tan! Find the value of 5 at) 20/04/2018 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 37 4+v7 1. 18. Show that tan sin” and justify why the other value a 4 is ignored? 19. Ifa, a,,4,..44, is an arithmetic progression with common difference d, then evaluate the following expression. tse 4a, \a, }I afd afd tan| tan I+ tan [+t I+qa, Ia, 4, Objective Type Questions Choose the correct answers from the given four options in each of the Exercises from 20 0 37 (M.C.Q.) 20. Which of the following is the principal value branch of cos"'x? d I+a,a, Joram “a0 (A) [24] () (0, n) © = [0,7] @) ©, - {z| 21. Which of the following is the principal value branch of cosec™!x? x (B) [0,2] - {z| (@) 22. If 3tan"! x + cot! x= x, then x equals (A) 0 (By 1 © -l () 23. x —n 10 10 20/04/2018 38 25. 26. 27. 28. 29, 30. 3, ‘MATHEMATICS The domain of the function cos (2x ~ 1) is (A) (0,11 B) EL © CLD (©) (0,7) The domain of the function defined by f(x) = sin-' .[x=1 is (A) [1,21 @B) 11) © 1 (D) none of these 12 -1 Ifcos { Sin” +08" x 0, then xis equal to 1 2 A ® F © o (D) The value of sin (2 tan (.75)) is equal to (A) 75 B® 15 © 96 (dD) 1 3H The value of CS" 0S is equal to ay = 3» = © = o A 3 B® >, © F oO 1 The value of the expression 2sec!2+sin' > is x Sa Tr (A) “at (B) 6 © 6 (D) 4n IF tart x tam!y = —, then cot x + cot" y equals x 2n 3a OF ® 5 © F oO If sin! > +cos" sta the value of x is 0 (B) $ © a oO 0104/2018 32. 33. 34. 36. INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 39 a 7 The value of cot COS” 55 is 25 25 24 7 (A) oa (B) Zz, © 25 1 The value of the expression tan 5 COS is m 2 v5 (A 245 (B52 +2 © of (D) 542 Hint :tan2=, | c0s8 2 Vi+cosé 2x Ilxls 1, then 2tan'x+sin' 73 is equal to z (A) 4tant x B® 0 © 7 MO * If cos! a + cos B + cos! y=3z, then & (B+) +B (y+ a) + y (a+ B) equals “~ 0 ®) 1 © 6 @M 2 The number of real solutions. of the -— equation itcos2x=V2 cos” (cos.x)in [E-| is (A) 0 (B) 1 (c) 2 (D) Infinite If cos“!x > sin-x, then 1 1 esas os aM ye i) see (C) (D) x>0 20/04/2018 40 MATHEMATICS Fill in the blanks in each of the Exercises 38 to 48. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 45. 46. 47. 48. 1 The principal value of cos" (4) is 3n The value of sin-! | sin If cos (tan! x + cot! 3) = 0, then value of «is 1 The set of values of sec” (3) is The principal value of tan 3 i 14x The value of cos" | CoS | is The value of cos (sin-! x + cos x), Il <1 is. in” x+cos The value of expression tan | when x= “> is , | 2x If y =2 tan! x +sim' 73 for all x, then.

    You might also like